Effects of Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum onites L.) Supplementation on Growth and Biochemical Metabolites in Merino Lambs

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 198 - 203, 30.06.2023

Deniz Karakcı , İsmail Çetin , Ece Çetin

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1275579

Öz

After the prohibition of antibiotic usage to improve performance, the breeders have guided to natural resources for this purpose. Essential oils have many beneficial effects and they are ideal to use as a growth promoter feed additive in livestock. In our study for this reason, we used oregano essential oil (Origanum onites L.) in the treatment groups. Thirty Merino lambs (aged of 2.5 month and weighted average 30±0.1 kg) were housed in 45-day to determine the effects of oregano oil on the growth and biochemical metabolites. The main ration includes consisting of concentrate and alfalfa hay. In the control group oregano essential oil was not added. The second group (ORG 250) was supplemented with 250 mg/d oregano essential oil, third group (ORG 500) also were supplemented with 500 mg/d. Bloods were taken from 8 animals for each group in the initial and end of the study. Samples were collected into anticoagulant tubes and plasma were allocated into microtubes and stored until the analysis day. There were statistically differences in growth hormone (GH), total protein, triglyceride, AST concentrations in ORG 500 group at 45th day (p<0.05). However IGF-1, BHBA, albumin, cholesterol ALT, Ca, P levels had no statistically differences. It was defined that the increases in growth hormone, IGF-1 and some biochemical metabolites had positive effects on performance of oregano essential oil at a dose of 500 mg/day in small ruminants. It was concluded that the data that determined in this study will be beneficial for further researches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biochemical metabolites , growth hormone , lamb , oregano , supplementation

Merinos Kuzularında Kekik Esansiyel Yağı (Origanum onites L.) Takviyesinin Büyüme ve Biyokimyasal Metabolitler Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Performansı artırmak için antibiyotik kullanımının yasaklanmasından sonra yetiştiriciler, bu amaçla doğal kaynaklara yönelmişlerdir. Esansiyel yağların pek çok yararlı etkiye sahiptir ve çiftlik hayvanlarında büyümeyi hızlandırıcı yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı idealdir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızda deneme gruplarında kekik esansiyel yağı (Origanum onites L.) kullandık. Otuz Merinos kuzusu (2.5 aylık ve ortalama ağırlıkları 30±0.1kg), kekik yağının büyüme ve biyokimyasal metabolitler üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için 45 günlük süreyle bakıldı. Ana rasyon konsantre ve yonca samanından içermektedir. Kontrol grubuna kekik esansiyel yağı ilave edilmedi. İkinci gruba (ORG 250) 250 mg/gün, üçüncü gruba (ORG 500) 500 mg/gün kekik esansiyel yağı ilave edildi. Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda her grup için 8 hayvandan kan alındı. Numuneler antikoagülan tüplere alındı, plazma mikrotüplere ayrıldı ve analiz gününe kadar saklandı. ORG 500 grubunda 45. günde büyüme hormonu (GH), total protein, trigliserid, AST konsantrasyonlarında istatistiksel olarak farklılık vardı (p<0.05). Ancak IGF-1, BHBA, albümin, kolesterol ALT, Ca, P düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak fark bulunamadı. Küçükbaş hayvanlarda 500 mg/gün dozunda kekik esansiyel yağının büyüme hormonu, IGF-1 ve bazı biyokimyasal metabolitlerdeki artışları performans üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmada belirlenen verilerin daha sonraki araştırmalar için faydalı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

biyokimyasal metabolitler , büyüme hormonu , ekleme , kekik , kuzu

Kaynakça

• Akis, I., Oztabak, K. Gonulalp, I., Meng, A. & Un, C. (2010). IGF-1 and IGF-1R genepolymorphisms in East Anatolian Red and South Anatolian Red cattlebreeds. Russian Journal of Genetics, 46, 439-442
• Ayuk, J. & Sheppard, M.C. (2006). Growth hormone and its disorders. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 82, 24-30.
• Bakkali, F. Averbeck S., Averbeck D. & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils - A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 446- 475.
• Baumann, G. (1994). Growth hormone-binding proteins: State of the art. Journal ofEndocrinology, 141, 1- 6.
• Breier, B.H., Gluckman, P.D. & Bass, J.J. (1988). Influence of nutritional status and oestradiol-17 beta on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I and II and the response to exogenous growth hormone in young steers. Journal of Endocrinology, 118(2), 243-250.
• Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S. & Ferret, A. (2006). Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 2649- 2658.
• Chaves, A.V., Stanford, K., Gibson, L.L., McAllister, T.A. & Benchaar, C. (2008). Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145, 396-408.
• Cristo, A.B., Schmidt, J.M., Benito, C.E., Buzim, R., Pinto, L.A.M. & Fernandes, J.I.M. (2022). Effect of the supplementation of plant extracts based additive in broiler chicken diets on productive performance, carcass yield, and meat quality. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 24(3), 1-8.
• Dawson, B. & Trapp, R.G. (2001). Basic & Clinical Biostatistics, Lange Medical Book / McGrawHill, Medical Publishing Division. 3rd ed., Ch. 7- 9, 161-218p, Newyork, USA.
• Farghaly, M.M. & Abdullah, M.A.M. (2021). Effect of dietary oregano, rosemary and peppermint as feed additives on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation and performance of fattening sheep. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition & Feeds, 24(3), 365-376.
• Froehlich, K.A., Abdelsalam, K.W. Chase, C., Koppien-Fox, J. & Casper, D.P. (2017). Evaluation of essential oils and prebiotics for newborn dairy calves. Journal of Animal Science, 95, 3772-3782. DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1601
• Gao, X., Xu, X.R., Ren, H.Y., Zhang, Y.H. & Xv, S.Z. (2006). The effects of the GH, IGF-I and IGFIBP3 gene on growth and development traits of nanyang cattle in different growth period. Hereditas, 28, 927-932.
• Guney, M., Karaca, S., Erdogan, S., Kor, A., Kale, C., Onalan, S., Demirel, M. & Bingol, N.T. (2021). Effects of dietary supplementation with rosemary oil on methanogenic bacteria density, blood and rumen parameters and meat quality of fattening lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 794-805.
• Hassan, S.A. & Hassan K.M. (2009a). The effect of supplementation of medicinal plants and probiotic on growth rate and some blood parameters of Karadi lambs. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition & Feeds, 12(1), 53-63.
• Ietswaart, J.H. (1980). A taxonomic revision of the genus origanum (Labiatae). Leiden University Pres. Leiden Botanical Series 4, 91, pp.1-26, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• Kato, Y., Murakami, Y., Sohmiya, M. & Nishiki, M. (2002). Regulation of human growth hormone secretion and its disorders. Internal Medicine, 41, 7-13.
• Khamisabadi, H., Kafilzadeh, F. & Charaien, B. (2016). Effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) or peppermint (Mentha piperita) on performance, digestibility and blood metabolites of fattening Sanjabi lambs. Biharean Biologist, 10(2), 118-122.
• Kırbağ, S. & Bağcı, E. (2000). Picea abies (L.) Karst. ve Picea orientalis (L.) Link uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal aktivitesi üzerine bir araştırma. Journal of Qafqaz University, 3, 183-190.
• Lagouri, V., Blekas, G., Tsimidou, M., Kokkini, S. & Boskou, D. (1993). Composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils from oregano plants grown wild in Greece. Zertschrift für Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung. Springer, 197(1), 20-23.
• Macheboeuf, D., Morgavi, D.P., Papon, Y., Mousset, J.L. & Arturo-Schaan, M. (2008). Doseresponse effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145, 335-350.
• Nagaraja, T.G., Newbold, C.J., Van Nevel, C.J. & Demeyer, D.I. (1997). Manipulation of ruminal fermentation. in: Hobson, P.N., Stewart, C.S. (Eds.), The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, 2nd ed., Blackie Academic & Professional, 523-632 p London, UK.
• Placha, I., Takacova, J., Ryzner, M., Cobanova K.,, Laukova, A., Strompfova, V., Venglovska, K. &. Faix, S. (2014). Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers. British Poultry Science, 55.1, 105-114. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.873772
• Ran, T., Shen, Y.Z., Saleem, A.M., AlZahal, O., Beauchemin, K.A. & Yang, W.Z.(2018). Using ruminally protected and nonprotected active dried yeast as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers: Growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and fecal Escherichia coli. Journal of Animal Science, 96, 4385-4397. SPSS Inc. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics Base 20. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
• Sørensen, M.T., Chaudhuri, S., Louveau, I., Coleman, M.E. & Etherton, T.D. (1992). Growth hormone binding proteins in pig adipose tissue: Number, size and effects of pGH treatment on pGH and bGH binding. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 9, 13-24.
• Sivropoulou, A., Papanicolaou, E., Nikolau, C., Kokkini, S., Lanaras, T. & Arsenakis, M. (1996). Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Origanum essential Oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 1202-1205.
• Orzuna-Orzuna, J.F., Dorantes-Iturbide, G., LaraBueno, A., Miranda-Romero, L.A., MendozaMartínez, G.D. & Santiago-Figueroa, I. (2022). Meta-analysis of essential oils use for beef cattle feed: rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, meat quality, performance and, environmental and economic impact. Fermentation, 8(6), 254, 1- 25.
• Wu, J.P., Zhou, R., Liu, L.S., Casper, D.P., Lang, X., Wang, C.L., Zhang, L.P. Wei S. & Liu, H.B. (2021). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and carcass characteristics by lambs fed an oregano and cobalt blend. Animal. Animal 15(10), 1-10.
• Yang, C., Zhang, J., Ahmad, A.A., Bao, P., Guo, X., Long, R., Ding, X., & Yan, P. (2019). Dietary Energy Levels Affect Growth Performance through Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Yak (Bos grunniens). Animals, 9(2), 39, 1-13. DOI: 10.3390/ani9020039.
• Yesilbag, D., Biricik, H., Cetin, I., Kara, C., Meral, Y., Cengiz, S.S., Orman, A. & Udum, D. (2017). Effects of juniper essential oil on growth performance, some rumen protozoa, rumen fermentation and antioxidant blood enzyme parameters of growing Saanen kids. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 101, 67-76.
• Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Dong, X., Tan, C., Zou, H., Peng, Q., Xue, B., Wang, L., Dong, G. (2015). Effects of dietary energy level on lipid metabolism related gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of yellow breed × immental cattle. Animal Science Journal, 86, 392- 400.