Limit Values of Dissolved Nutrients for the Assessment of Eutrophication in the Northeastern Mediterranean Rivers

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 590 - 594, 31.12.2023

İsmail Akçay , Özgür Özbay

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1325674

Öz

In this study, an attempt was made to determine limit values of dissolved nutrients for assessing trophic status and water quality of Northeastern Mediterranean Rivers from the previously published nutrient data sets. Study findings indicated that the oligotrophic river waters should have concentrations of total phosphorus, orthophosphate, ammonium and total nitrogen less than 0.13 mg/L, 0.07 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L and 0.90 mg/L, respectively. The proposed limit values defining oligotrophy, mesotrophy and eutrophy were different than the values reported by the Surface Water Quality Regulation and the commonly used reference values. These discrepancies were probably due to distinct physical and biochemical characteristics of the rivers. For defining threshold and reference values of dissolved nutrients, new approaches, such as modeling studies, are needed to produce more sensitive assessment tools for sustainable management of NE Mediterranean Rivers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eutrophication, dissolved nutrients, limit values, Northeastern Mediterranean Rivers

Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Nehirlerinde Ötrofikasyonun Değerlendirilmesi için Çözünmüş Besin Tuzları Sınır Değerleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, daha önce yayınlanan besin tuzu veri setlerinden Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Nehirlerinin trofik durumunu ve su kalitesini değerlendirmek için sınır değerler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, oligotrofik özellikte nehir sularının toplam fosfor, ortofosfat, amonyum ve toplam azot için konsantrasyon değerlerinin 0,13 mg/L, 0,07 mg/L, 0,11 mg/L ve 0,90 mg/L'den az olması gerektiğini göstermiştir. Oligotrofi, mezotrofi ve ötrofiyi tanımlayan önerilen sınır değerler, Yerüstü Kalitesi Yönetmeliği tarafından bildirilen değerlerden ve yaygın olarak kullanılan referans değerlerden farklı bulunmuştur. Bu farkılıkları muhtemelen nehirlerin farklı fiziksel ve biyokimyasal özelliklere sahip olmasından kaynaklıdır. Çözünmüş besin tuzlarının sınır ve referans değerlerinin tanımlanması ve Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Nehirlerinin sürdürülebilir yönetimi için daha hassas değerlendirme araçları üretmek üzere modelleme çalışmaları gibi yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ötrofikasyon, çözünmüş besin tuzları, sınır değerler, Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Nehirleri

Kaynakça

• Akçay, İ. & Tuğrul, T. (2018). Riverine nutrient inputs to the Mersin Bay, northeastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of International Marine & Freshwater Sciences Symposium, Turkey. pp. 56-60.
• Akçay, İ. (2023). Comparison of diffusive and total nutrient fluxes from the sediment of Mersin Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 45(2), 176-180. DOI: 10.3103/S1063455X23020042
• Akcay, I., Tugrul, S. & Ozhan, K. (2022). Effects of river inputs on particulate organic matter composition and distributions in surface waters and sediments of the Mersin Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 52, 102316. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102316
• Akçay, I., Tugrul, S. & Yücel, M. (2021). Benthic nutrient fluxes across a productive shelf adjacent to an oligotrophic basin: case of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. DOI: 10.31223/X5390F Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes 1. Limnology and Oceanography, 22(2), 361-369.
• Crawley, M.J. (2007). Classical tests. In: The R book (1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 279- 322.
• Demirel, Z., Özer, Z. & Özer, O. (2011). Investigation and modeling of water quality of Göksu River (Cleadnos) in an international protected area by using GIS. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 21, 429-440.
• Dodds, W.K., Jones, J.R. & Welch, E.B. (1998). Suggested classification of stream trophic state: distributions of temperate stream types by chlorophyll, total nitrogen, and phosphorus. Water Research, 32(5), 1455-1462. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00370-9.
• Ferreira, J.G., Andersen, J.H., Borja, A., Bricker, S.B., Camp, J., Cardoso da Silva, M., Garcés, E., Heiskanen, A.S., Humborg, C., Ignatiades, L., Lancelot, C., Menesguen, A., Tett, P., Hoepffnerm, N. & Claussen, U. (2011). Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 93, 117-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.014
• Ignatiades, L., Karydis, M. & Vounatsou, P. (1992). A possible method for evaluating oligotrophy and eutrophication based on nutrient concentration scales. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 24(5), 238-243. DOI: 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90561-J
• Karr, J.R. & Chu, E.W. (2000). Introduction: Sustaining living rivers. In Assessing the Ecological Integrity of Running Waters: Proceedings of the International Conference, held in Vienna, Austria, 9–11 November 1998 (pp. 1-14). Springer Netherlands.
• Kılıç, E. (2020). Evaluation of water quality by water quality index method using long time monitoring data in Göksu River. Marine and Life Sciences, 2(1), 5-12.
• Kılıç, E., Akpınar, A. & Yücel, N. (2018). The Asi River’s estimated nutrient load and effects on the eastern Mediterranean. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(2), 61-66. DOI: 10.18864/ASE201810
• Koçak, M., Kubilay, N., Tugrul, S. & Mihalopoulos, N. (2010). Atmospheric nutrient inputs to the northern levantine basin from a long-term observation: sources and comparison with riverine inputs. Biogeosciences, 7(12), 4037-4050. DOI: 10.5194/bg-7-4037-2010
• Mamun, M., Kim, J. Y. & An, K.G. (2021). Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and trophic state in an artificial dam reservoir. Water, 13(2), 186. DOI: 10.3390/w13020186
• Mouri, G., Takizawa, S. & Oki, T. (2011). Spatial and temporal variation in nutrient parameters in stream water in a rural-urban catchment, Shikoku, Japan: Effects of land cover and human impact. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(7), 1837-1848. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.005
• Mustapha, A., Aris, A. Z., Juahir, H., Ramli, M.F. & Kura, N.U. (2013). River water quality assessment using environmentric techniques: case study of Jakara River Basin. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 5630-5644. DOI: 10.1007/s11356- 013-1542-z
• Nikolaidis, N. P., Phillips, G., Poikane, S., Várbíró, G., Bouraoui, F., Malagó, A. & Lilli, M. Α. (2022). River and lake nutrient targets that support ecological status: European scale gap analysis and strategies for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. Science of the Total Environment, 813, 151898. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151898
• Özbay, Ö., Göksu, M.Z.L. & Alp, M.T. (2012). Akarsu ortamında su kalite parametrelerinin incelenmesi, Berdan Çayı örneği (Tarsus-Mersin), Ç.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 109-117.
• Paula Filho, F.J.D., Marins, R.V., Chicharo, L., Souza, R.B., Santos, G.V. & Braz, E.M.A. (2020). Evaluation of water quality and trophic state in the Parnaíba River Delta, northeast Brazil. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 34, 101025. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2019.101025
• Primpas, I., Tsirtsis, G., Karydis, M. & Kokkoris, G.D. (2010). Principal component analysis: development of a multivariate index for assessing eutrophication according to the European water framework directive. Ecological Indicators, 10(2), 178-183. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.04.007
• Rabalais, N.N. (2002). Nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. AMBIO: a Journal of the Human Environment, 31(2), 102-112. DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.102 Richter, B.D., Mathews, R., Harrison, D.L. & Wigington,
• R. (2003). Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity. Ecological Applications, 13(1), 206-224.
• Tanhua, T., Hainbucher, D., Schroeder, K., Cardin, V., Álvarez, M. & Civitarese, G. (2013). The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue. Ocean Science, 9(5), 789-803. DOI: 10.5194/os-9-789-2013
• Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Hashim, R., Rezayi, M., Salleh, A. & Safari, O. (2014). A review of strategies to monitor water and sediment quality for a sustainability assessment of marine environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 813-833. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2217-5
• Tugrul, S., Kuçuksezgin, F., Yemenicioglu, S. & Uysal, Z. (2009). Long term biomonitoring, trend and compliance monitoring program in coastal areas from aegean, northeastern Mediterranean and eutrophication monitoring in Mersin Bay (MEDPOL Phase IV). Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara.
• Tugrul, S., Ozhan, K. & Akcay, I. (2019). Assessment of trophic status of the northeastern Mediterranean coastal waters: eutrophication classification tools revisited. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 14742-14754. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2529-6
• Türkeri, M., Marankoz, S., Özbay, Ö., Akçay, I., & Alp, M.T. (2023). Nutrient inputs from two major rivers into the Cilician Basin of the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 52(2), 240-244. DOI: 10.26881/oahs-2023.2.08
• Ülker, D., Bayirhan, İ. & Burak, S. (2020). Assessment and comparison of commonly used eutrophication indexes. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 4(1), 4-30. DOI: 10.31807/tjwsm.583530.