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The Distribution and Relative Abundance of the Mosquıto Specıes in Eastern and Middle Black Sea Area

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6, 995 - 1001, 30.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807084

Öz

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most important vectors transmitting medically significant pathogens and parasites to humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the species composition, distribution, and relative abundance of mosquito fauna in the Eastern and Middle Black Sea regions of Türkiye between 2014 and 2022. A total of 46081 adult specimens were collected from 1700 sampling points in 513 localities across 14 provinces using larval dipping, light traps, BG-Sentinel traps, and human landing catches. Morphological identification revealed 31 mosquito species belonging to six genera: Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Orthopodomyia, and Uranotaenia. Aedes albopictus was the most abundant species (40.5%), followed by Culex pipiens s.l. (37.3%) and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (5.75%). The highest species richness was observed in Rize, Artvin, and Samsun, while Ordu and Amasya showed the lowest diversity indices. The widespread occurrence of the invasive Aedes albopictus and its rapid expansion across the region highlights the increasing risk of arboviral transmission, particularly for West Nile virus, dengue, and chikungunya. Climatic factors, vegetation types, land use, and vertebrate host availability appeared to influence spatial distribution and diversity patterns. The findings underline the necessity for continuous entomological surveillance and vector control strategies to mitigate potential mosquito-borne disease risks in this ecologically sensitive region.

Etik Beyan

This study does not require any ethics committee approval.

Kaynakça

  • Akiner, M. M., Demirci, B., Babuadze, G., Robert, V. & Schaffner, F. (2016). Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4), e0004664. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004664
  • Akıner, M.M., Öztürk, M., Beriş, F. Ş., Karacaoğlu, Ç. & Şimşek, F. M. (2022). Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(2), 207-219. DOI: 10.55730/1300- 0179.3049
  • Akıner, Mustafa M., Öztürk, M., Başer, A. B., Günay, F., Hacıoğlu, S., Brinkmann, A., & Ergünay, K. (2019). Arboviral screening of invasive Aedes species in northeastern Turkey: West Nile virus circulation and detection of insect-only viruses. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(5), e0007334. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007334
  • Azari-Hamidian, S., Norouzi, B., & Harbach, R. E. (2019). A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 194, 106– 122. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.019
  • Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C., & Kaiser, A. (2010). Mosquitoes and their control (2nd ed). Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Demirci, B. (2021). Adult Mosquito Fauna of Kura-Aras Basin. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 45(4), 280-286. DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.80299
  • Demirci, B., Bedir, H., Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M. M. (2021). Status of the invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895)(Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45(2), 279-292. DOI: 10.16970/entoted.879297
  • Devi, N.P., & Jauhari, R.K. (2005). Habitat biodiversity of mosquito richness in certain parts of Garhwal (Uttaranchal), India. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36(3), 616-622.
  • Ergunay, K., Saygan, M., Aydoğan, S., Litzba, N., & Niedrig, M. (2010). Investigation of Dengue virus and yellow fever virus seropositivities in blood donors from Central/Northern Anatolia, Turkey. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 44(3), 415-424.
  • Evered, K.T., & Evered, E.Ö. (2011). Governing population, public health, and malaria in the early Turkish republic. Journal of Historical Geography, 37(4), 470-482. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2011.02.002
  • Failloux, A.-B., Bouattour, A., Faraj, C., Gunay, F., Haddad, N., Harrat, Z., & Robert, V. (2017). Surveillance of Arthropod-Borne Viruses and Their Vectors in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions Within the MediLabSecure Network. Current Tropical Medicine Reports, 4(1), 27-39. DOI: 10.1007/s40475-017-0101-y
  • Günay, F. (2015). Türkiye sivrisinek faunası üzerine DNA barkodlama yöntemiyle moleküler analizler. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kalaycioglu, H., Korukluoglu, G., Ozkul, A., Oncul, O., Tosun, S., Karabay, O., & Ertek, M. (2012). Emergence of West Nile virus infections in humans in Turkey, 2010 to 2011. Eurosurveillance, 17(21), 20182. DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.21.20182-en
  • Kuçlu, Ö., & Dik, B. (2018). Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 42(2), 138- 143. DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5339
  • Merdivenci, A. (1984). Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyo-morfolojisi, biyo-ekolojisi, yayılış ve sağlık önemleri (Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak Yayınları). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi yayınları.
  • Muja‐Bajraktari, N., Zhushi‐Etemi, F., Dikolli‐Velo, E., Kadriaj, P., & Gunay, F. (2019). The composition, diversity, and distribution of mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kosovo. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44(1), 94-104. DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12333
  • Özbilgin, A., Topluoglu, S., Es, S., Islek, E., Mollahaliloglu, S., & Erkoc, Y. (2011). Malaria in Turkey: Successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Tropica, 120(1-2), 15-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.011 Özkan, L. (2019). Buldan Yayla Gölü Kuşları. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 1698-1710. DOI: 10.29130/dubited.514278
  • Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M.M. (2023a). Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I variation in Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus): Determination of the different and multiple introduction situations in Turkiye. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 69(2), 165-182. DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.2.165.2023
  • Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M.M. (2023b). Molecular phylogenetics of Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey and possible relations with the Caucasian invasion. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 47(3), 155- 169. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3127 Parrish, D.W. (1959). The Mosquitoes of Turkey. Mosquito News, 19(4), 264-266.
  • Petrić, D., Bellini, R., Scholte, E.-J., Rakotoarivony, L., & Schaffner, F. (2014). Monitoring population and environmental parameters of invasive mosquito species in Europe. Parasites & Vectors, 7(1), 187. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-187.
  • Piyal, B., Akdur, R., Ocaktan, E., & Yozgatligil, C. (2013). An analysis of the prevalence of malaria in Turkey over the last 85 years. Pathogens and Global Health, 107(1), 30-34. DOI: 10.1179/2047773212Y.0000000064
  • Ramsdale, C.D., Alten, B., Çağlar, S.S., & Ozer, N. (2001). A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 9, 18-28.
  • Reeves, W.K., Miller, M.M., Bayik, O., & Chapman, L. (2017). Operational mosquito and vector-borne diseases surveillance at Incirlik Air Base, Turkey. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, 1, 86-89. DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100459
  • Rydzanicz, K., & Lonc, E. (2003). Species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquito larvae in the Wrocław, Poland area. Journal of Vector Ecology, 28(2), 255-266.
  • Şakaci, Z., & Çamlitepe, Y. (2022). A mosquito survey of culicidae species at edirne central district for disease vector. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 23, 41-51. DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.1106928
  • Schaffner, F., Angel, G., Geoffroy, B., Hervy, J. P., Rhaiem, A., & Brunhes, J. (2001). Les moustiques d’Europe, Logiciel d’identification et d’enseignement. CD-ROM, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Paris: Editions & EID Méditerranée.
  • Schaffner, F., & Mathis, A. (2014). Dengue and dengue vectors in the WHO European region: Past, present, and scenarios for the future. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(12), 1271-1280. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70834-5
  • Sezen, A. İ., Yildirim, M., Kültür, M. N., Pehlı̇Vanoğlu, F., & Menemenlı̇Oğlu, D. (2018). Türkiye’de Görülen Zika Virüsü Olguları: Küba’dan Dönen Yeni Evli Çift. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 52(3), 308- 315. DOI: 10.5578/mb.66991
  • Weaver, S. C. & Reisen, W. K. (2010). Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Research, 85(2), 328- 345. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.008
  • Yağcı Çağlayık, D., Uyar, Y., Korukluoğlu, G., Ertek, M., & Unal, S. (2012). An imported Chikungunya fever case from New Delhi, India to Ankara, Turkey: The first imported case of Turkey and review of the literature. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 46(1), 122-128.

Doğu ve Orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Sivrisinek Türlerinin Dağılımı ve Göreceli Bolluğu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6, 995 - 1001, 30.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807084

Öz

Sivrisinekler (Diptera: Culicidae), tıbbi açıdan önemli patojen ve parazitleri insanlara ve hayvanlara bulaştıran en önemli vektörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2014 ile 2022 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Doğu ve Orta Karadeniz bölgelerindeki sivrisinek faunasının tür bileşimini, dağılımını ve göreceli bolluğunu belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Toplam 14 ilde, 513 lokalitede 1700 örnekleme noktasından larva kepçeleme, ışık tuzakları, BG-Sentinel tuzakları ve insan üzerine konma yöntemleri kullanılarak toplam 46.081 ergin birey toplanmıştır. Morfolojik tanımlama sonucunda Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Orthopodomyia ve Uranotaenia olmak üzere altı cinse ait 31 sivrisinek türü belirlenmiştir. En bol tür Aedes albopictus (%40,5) olup, bunu Culex pipiens s.l. (%37,3) ve Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (%5,75) takip etmiştir. En yüksek tür zenginliği Rize, Artvin ve Samsun illerinde gözlenirken, Ordu ve Amasya illeri en düşük çeşitlilik indekslerini göstermiştir. İstilacı Aedes albopictus’un yaygın olarak görülmesi ve bölge genelinde hızla yayılması, özellikle Batı Nil virüsü, dang humması ve chikungunya açısından artan arboviral bulaşma riskine işaret etmektedir. İklimsel faktörler, bitki örtüsü tipleri, arazi kullanımı ve omurgalı konakların bulunabilirliği, mekânsal dağılım ve çeşitlilik desenlerini etkilemiş görünmektedir. Bulgular, bu ekolojik olarak hassas bölgede potansiyel sivrisinek kaynaklı hastalık risklerini azaltmak için sürekli entomolojik sürveyans ve vektör kontrol stratejilerinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir etik kurul onayına gerek yoktur.

Kaynakça

  • Akiner, M. M., Demirci, B., Babuadze, G., Robert, V. & Schaffner, F. (2016). Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4), e0004664. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004664
  • Akıner, M.M., Öztürk, M., Beriş, F. Ş., Karacaoğlu, Ç. & Şimşek, F. M. (2022). Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(2), 207-219. DOI: 10.55730/1300- 0179.3049
  • Akıner, Mustafa M., Öztürk, M., Başer, A. B., Günay, F., Hacıoğlu, S., Brinkmann, A., & Ergünay, K. (2019). Arboviral screening of invasive Aedes species in northeastern Turkey: West Nile virus circulation and detection of insect-only viruses. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(5), e0007334. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007334
  • Azari-Hamidian, S., Norouzi, B., & Harbach, R. E. (2019). A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 194, 106– 122. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.019
  • Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C., & Kaiser, A. (2010). Mosquitoes and their control (2nd ed). Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Demirci, B. (2021). Adult Mosquito Fauna of Kura-Aras Basin. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 45(4), 280-286. DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.80299
  • Demirci, B., Bedir, H., Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M. M. (2021). Status of the invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895)(Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45(2), 279-292. DOI: 10.16970/entoted.879297
  • Devi, N.P., & Jauhari, R.K. (2005). Habitat biodiversity of mosquito richness in certain parts of Garhwal (Uttaranchal), India. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36(3), 616-622.
  • Ergunay, K., Saygan, M., Aydoğan, S., Litzba, N., & Niedrig, M. (2010). Investigation of Dengue virus and yellow fever virus seropositivities in blood donors from Central/Northern Anatolia, Turkey. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 44(3), 415-424.
  • Evered, K.T., & Evered, E.Ö. (2011). Governing population, public health, and malaria in the early Turkish republic. Journal of Historical Geography, 37(4), 470-482. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2011.02.002
  • Failloux, A.-B., Bouattour, A., Faraj, C., Gunay, F., Haddad, N., Harrat, Z., & Robert, V. (2017). Surveillance of Arthropod-Borne Viruses and Their Vectors in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions Within the MediLabSecure Network. Current Tropical Medicine Reports, 4(1), 27-39. DOI: 10.1007/s40475-017-0101-y
  • Günay, F. (2015). Türkiye sivrisinek faunası üzerine DNA barkodlama yöntemiyle moleküler analizler. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kalaycioglu, H., Korukluoglu, G., Ozkul, A., Oncul, O., Tosun, S., Karabay, O., & Ertek, M. (2012). Emergence of West Nile virus infections in humans in Turkey, 2010 to 2011. Eurosurveillance, 17(21), 20182. DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.21.20182-en
  • Kuçlu, Ö., & Dik, B. (2018). Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 42(2), 138- 143. DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5339
  • Merdivenci, A. (1984). Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyo-morfolojisi, biyo-ekolojisi, yayılış ve sağlık önemleri (Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak Yayınları). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi yayınları.
  • Muja‐Bajraktari, N., Zhushi‐Etemi, F., Dikolli‐Velo, E., Kadriaj, P., & Gunay, F. (2019). The composition, diversity, and distribution of mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kosovo. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44(1), 94-104. DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12333
  • Özbilgin, A., Topluoglu, S., Es, S., Islek, E., Mollahaliloglu, S., & Erkoc, Y. (2011). Malaria in Turkey: Successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Tropica, 120(1-2), 15-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.011 Özkan, L. (2019). Buldan Yayla Gölü Kuşları. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 1698-1710. DOI: 10.29130/dubited.514278
  • Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M.M. (2023a). Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I variation in Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus): Determination of the different and multiple introduction situations in Turkiye. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 69(2), 165-182. DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.2.165.2023
  • Öztürk, M., & Akiner, M.M. (2023b). Molecular phylogenetics of Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey and possible relations with the Caucasian invasion. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 47(3), 155- 169. DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3127 Parrish, D.W. (1959). The Mosquitoes of Turkey. Mosquito News, 19(4), 264-266.
  • Petrić, D., Bellini, R., Scholte, E.-J., Rakotoarivony, L., & Schaffner, F. (2014). Monitoring population and environmental parameters of invasive mosquito species in Europe. Parasites & Vectors, 7(1), 187. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-187.
  • Piyal, B., Akdur, R., Ocaktan, E., & Yozgatligil, C. (2013). An analysis of the prevalence of malaria in Turkey over the last 85 years. Pathogens and Global Health, 107(1), 30-34. DOI: 10.1179/2047773212Y.0000000064
  • Ramsdale, C.D., Alten, B., Çağlar, S.S., & Ozer, N. (2001). A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 9, 18-28.
  • Reeves, W.K., Miller, M.M., Bayik, O., & Chapman, L. (2017). Operational mosquito and vector-borne diseases surveillance at Incirlik Air Base, Turkey. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, 1, 86-89. DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100459
  • Rydzanicz, K., & Lonc, E. (2003). Species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquito larvae in the Wrocław, Poland area. Journal of Vector Ecology, 28(2), 255-266.
  • Şakaci, Z., & Çamlitepe, Y. (2022). A mosquito survey of culicidae species at edirne central district for disease vector. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 23, 41-51. DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.1106928
  • Schaffner, F., Angel, G., Geoffroy, B., Hervy, J. P., Rhaiem, A., & Brunhes, J. (2001). Les moustiques d’Europe, Logiciel d’identification et d’enseignement. CD-ROM, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Paris: Editions & EID Méditerranée.
  • Schaffner, F., & Mathis, A. (2014). Dengue and dengue vectors in the WHO European region: Past, present, and scenarios for the future. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(12), 1271-1280. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70834-5
  • Sezen, A. İ., Yildirim, M., Kültür, M. N., Pehlı̇Vanoğlu, F., & Menemenlı̇Oğlu, D. (2018). Türkiye’de Görülen Zika Virüsü Olguları: Küba’dan Dönen Yeni Evli Çift. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 52(3), 308- 315. DOI: 10.5578/mb.66991
  • Weaver, S. C. & Reisen, W. K. (2010). Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Research, 85(2), 328- 345. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.008
  • Yağcı Çağlayık, D., Uyar, Y., Korukluoğlu, G., Ertek, M., & Unal, S. (2012). An imported Chikungunya fever case from New Delhi, India to Ankara, Turkey: The first imported case of Turkey and review of the literature. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 46(1), 122-128.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekoloji (Diğer), Entomoloji, Hayvan Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Muhammet Mustafa Akıner 0000-0002-7658-3236

Murat Öztürk 0000-0001-7022-5158

Hilal Bedir 0000-0002-6260-9132

Rıdvan Demirtaş 0000-0002-4699-5475

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Akıner, M. M., Öztürk, M., Bedir, H., Demirtaş, R. (2025). The Distribution and Relative Abundance of the Mosquıto Specıes in Eastern and Middle Black Sea Area. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(6), 995-1001. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807084