Revealing the Current Scenario and Prospective Outlook of Citrus Gummosis in Pakistan

Öz

Citrus is an important fruit crop in terms of economic and nutritional value. Citrus production is threatened by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, Brown rot, gummosis, and root rot are common prevailing diseases around the globe. Gummosis is one of the primary diseases that cause damage to citrus orchards. Citrus gummosis, caused by Phytophthora citrophthora, is widely distributed in citrus-growing areas of Pakistan. The affected plants show signs of decline, including twig die-back, chlorosis, wilted leaves, tips, and discolored fruits. Symptoms manifest visibly on the aerial parts of the tree in close proximity to the soil. The presence of cracks and cankers can be observed on the trunk, branches, and bark, often accompanied by the exudation of gum. The branches exhibit a characteristic bleeding appearance. Given that the pathogen is soil-borne, the symptoms typically progress from the base of the tree upwards, affecting both primary and secondary branches. As the severity of the infection increases, necrosis of taproots and crowns becomes apparent, leading to the expansion of necrotic lesions. Ultimately, the tree experiences a decline in health, culminating in death. Although the preventive or curative control of citrus gummosis cannot be guaranteed by chemical and horticultural measures, the utilization of resistant rootstocks remains the most dependable management strategy for combating the disease. It is imperative to assess phytoextracts for their efficacy against this particular pathogen in order to identify an eco-friendly method for managing citrus gummosis disease. The geographical pattern of gummosis disease has the potential to be utilized in developing predictive models and designing effective disease management strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Citrus gummosis
• Phytophthora species
• Disease incidence
• Pathogencity
• Management strategies

Pakistan’da Turunçgillerde Gözlenen Zamk Akıntısı Hastalığının Mevcut ve Gelecekteki Durumunun Ortaya Konulması

Öz

Narenciye ekonomik ve besin değerleri açısından önemli bir meyve bitkisidir. Narenciye üretimi birçok biyotik ve abiyotik faktör tarafından tehdit edilmektedir. Biyotik faktörler arasında Kahverengi çürüklüğü, diş eti çürüğü ve kök çürüklüğü dünya çapında yaygın olarak görülen hastalıklardır. Gummosis, narenciye bahçelerine zarar veren hastalıkların başında gelmektedir. Phytophthora citropphthora'nın neden olduğu narenciye gummosis'i Pakistan'ın narenciye yetiştirilen bölgelerinde yaygın olarak dağılmaktadır. Etkilenen bitkiler, dalların ölmesi, kloroz, solmuş yapraklar, uçlar ve renksiz meyveler dahil olmak üzere düşüş belirtileri gösteriyor. Belirtiler ağacın toprağa yakın toprak üstü kısımlarında gözle görülür şekilde ortaya çıkar. Gövde, dallar ve ağaç kabuğunda çatlaklar ve kanserlerin varlığı gözlemlenebilir ve buna sıklıkla sakız sızıntısı da eşlik eder. Dallar karakteristik bir kanama görünümü sergiler. Patojenin toprak kaynaklı olduğu göz önüne alındığında, semptomlar tipik olarak ağacın tabanından yukarıya doğru ilerleyerek hem birincil hem de ikincil dalları etkiler. Enfeksiyonun şiddeti arttıkça, kazık köklerde ve kronlarda nekroz belirgin hale gelir ve bu da nekrotik lezyonların genişlemesine yol açar. Sonuçta ağacın sağlığında bir düşüş yaşanır ve ölümle sonuçlanır. Narenciye gummosisinin önleyici veya iyileştirici kontrolü kimyasal ve bahçecilik önlemleriyle garanti edilemese de, dirençli anaçların kullanılması hastalıkla mücadelede en güvenilir yönetim stratejisi olmaya devam etmektedir. Narenciye gummosis hastalığını yönetmek için çevre dostu bir yöntem belirlemek amacıyla fitoekstrelerin bu özel patojene karşı etkinlikleri açısından değerlendirilmesi zorunludur. Gumoz hastalığının coğrafi yapısı, öngörücü modellerin geliştirilmesinde ve etkili hastalık yönetimi stratejilerinin tasarlanmasında kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turunçgil gummosis
• Phytophthora spp.
• Hastalık görülme sıklığı
• Patojenite
• Mücadele yöntemleri

Etik Beyan

Etik beyan gerekmemektedir.

Kaynakça

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