Araştırma Makalesi
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Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 20 - 32, 20.06.2025

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabı , Felix Eke , Hamid Kareem , Godbless Friday Safugha , Alexander Oche Ejoha , Olateju Omole , Paul Akınwumı Atteh , Oladayo Oluleye , Comfort Kaka Yisa Gana

Öz

This research study focused on optimizing the output of rice farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. The study collected primary data from 180 rice farmers utilizing structured questionnaires. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the farm specific and farmers features of rice production, optimize and determine the input factors (farm size, labour, fertilizer, agrochemicals, seeds) affecting output of rice producers, evaluate the socio-economic factors affecting the technical inefficiency of rice producers and determine the technical efficiency scores of rice producers. The analytical tools used to achieve the objectives were stochastic production efficiency frontier model (SPEFM), return to scale (RTS), elasticity of production model (EP) and t-Test of difference between means. The findings revealed that rice production generates profits and demonstrated a substantial financial difference between cost and returns. Production elasticity showed a positive result for all farm inputs including farm size, labour, fertilizers, agrochemicals and seeds and as a result, these inputs boost output levels. A proportional increase in input resources results in more than a proportional increase in output at a return to scale ratio of 1.020 in the rice farming operation. The analysis reveals that farm size with combined seeds and fertilizers stands as the significant and primary production factors for rice but actual production efficiency depends mainly on the education level, farm experience and cooperative standing of the producers. Rice productivity will increase through better access to productive inputs combined with available land improvements and financial assistance. The paper suggests policy solutions which support both efficient resource management and technical training initiatives to enhance farmers' output levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Optimizing Output Rice Producers Stochastic Production Frontier Return to Scale Nigeria.

Etik Beyan

Nil

Destekleyen Kurum

NIL

Proje Numarası

NIL

Teşekkür

Thanks

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, A. M., Agada, I. G., & Kolade, O. (2018). Impacts of rice importation on Nigeria’s economy. Journal of Scientific Agriculture, 2(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2018.v2.901
  • Adejoh, E. U., Ojeleye, O. A., Ahmed, B., & Maiangwa, M. G. (2018). Determinants of technical efficiency in rice production under the National Programme for Food Security (NPFS) in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 14(1), 1-9. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jagrenv /article/view/235838
  • Alabi, O.O., Oladele, A.O., & Maharazu, I. (2022). Economies of Scale and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Pepper (Capsicum species) Production in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 67 (1), 63 – 82. https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2201063A.
  • Asfaw, D.M (2021). Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Tomato Producers in Asaita District, Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 16(9): e0257366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0257366
  • Bala, J., Hauwa, A. Y., & Musa, Y. M. (2020). Impact of adoption of the new rice for Africa 1 on farmers’ yield of in Gombe State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 24(4), 72-81. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.8
  • Bello, I. M., Sanni, A., & Oladimeji, Y. (2021). Effects of agricultural policies on rice production in Nigeria: A case study of government interventions. International Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 9(1), 65-79.
  • CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria). (2021). Annual report on agricultural financing programs. Abuja, Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria.
  • Edeoghon, C. O. (2017). Economic empowerment of urban farmers in Benin Metropolis. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 10 (3), 1 – 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-1003020107
  • Esiobu, N. S. (2020). Does the Incidence of COVID-19 pandemic affect rice yield? Lessons from Southeast Nigeria. In Recent advances in rice research. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93744
  • Eze, P.C., Musa, J.J., Onyekwere, I.N., & Balogun, I. A (2020). Effect of Rice Husk Residue on Maize in Minna, Nigeria. The Journal of Research, ANGRAU, 48 (4), 21 – 26. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/TJRA/issue/view/3658
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2022). Rice production trends in Africa: Challenges and opportunities. Rome, Italy: FAO Publications.
  • FAO. (2020). The state of food and agriculture: Smallholder farmers and sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Izekor, O. B., & Alufohai, G. O. (2014). Production elasticities, return to scale and allocative efficiency in yam production in Edo State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 14(2), 179-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v14i2.1
  • Kadiri, F. A., Eze, C. C., Orebiyi, J. S., & Henri–Ukoha, A. (2014). Economic analysis of paddy rice production in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(12), 541-550. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5005/article/view/1284
  • Kamai, N., Omoigui, L. O., Kamara, A. Y., & Ekeleme, F. (2020). Guide to Rice Production in Northern Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 35pp.
  • Lin, B., Wang, X., Jin, S., Yang, W., & Li, H. (2022). Impacts of cooperative membership on rice productivity: Evidence from China. World Development, 150, 105669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105669
  • Linn, T., & Maenhout, B. (2019). Measuring the efficiency of rice production in Myanmar using data envelopment analysis. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 16(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2019.16.2.1
  • Merem, E. C., Twumasi, Y., Wesley, J., Isokpehi, P., Shenge, M., Fageir, S., ... & Nwagboso, E. (2017). Analyzing Rice production issues in the Niger State Area of Nigeria’s middle Belt. Food and Public Health, 7(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20170701.02
  • Mohammed, U. A., Ibrahim, S., Hayatu, M., & Mohammed, F. A. (2019). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Nigeria: challenges and prospects. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 5(2), 29-37.
  • Mwalyagile, N., Jeckoniah, J. N., & Salanga, R. J. (2024). Gender differences in rice production participation among smallholder farmers in small-scale irrigation schemes in mbarali district, Tanzania. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101390
  • Nwahia, O. C. (2020). Analysis of the cost and economic returns in rice production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i3.4912
  • Obianefo, C. A., Ezeano, I. C., Isibor, C. A., & Ahaneku, C. E. (2023). Technology Gap Efficiency of Small-Scale Rice Processors in Anambra State, Nigeria. Sustainability, 15(6), 4840. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064840
  • Okodua, H. (2017). Assessing the impact of rice sector policy reforms on the income mobility of rural households in Nigeria. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010174
  • Oluleye, D., Anthony,L., Ukaoha,C.L., Alabi,O.O., Njoku,V.O., and Ajibare,D.B (2022). Technical Efficiency of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4 (5): 120 – 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.5.550
  • Oluleye, D.O., Alabi, O.O., Bayei, J.D., Isah, H., Aluwong, J.S., Atteh, P.A., Okoh, S.O., Olawoye, T.,Olajide, O.R., Olumuyiwa, B.A., and Haruna, O.E (2024). Economic Efficiency and Profitability Analysis of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Agricultural University Plovdiv 16(41): 98 – 109. https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.009
  • Omotilewa, O. J., Jayne, T. S., Muyanga, M., Aromolaran, A. B., Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., & Awokuse, T. (2021). A revisit of farm size and productivity: Empirical evidence from a wide range of farm sizes in Nigeria. World development, 146, 105592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105592
  • Tijani, B. A., Benisheik, K. M., Mustapha, A. B., & Dangaladima, W. (2010). Analysis of factors influencing labour supplied to non-farm sub-sector by households in Mubi North local government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 18(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v18i1.56839
  • Ukwuaba, I. C., Owutuamor, Z. B., & Ogbu, C. C. (2020). Assessment of agricultural credit sources and accessibility in Nigeria. Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics (RAAE), 23(2), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.308396
  • Yamane, T. (1967). ‘Statistics: An Introductory Analysis’, 2nd Edition., New York: Harper and Row. Pp. 33-50.

Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 20 - 32, 20.06.2025

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabı , Felix Eke , Hamid Kareem , Godbless Friday Safugha , Alexander Oche Ejoha , Olateju Omole , Paul Akınwumı Atteh , Oladayo Oluleye , Comfort Kaka Yisa Gana

Öz

This research study focused on optimizing the output of rice farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. The study collected primary data from 180 rice farmers utilizing structured questionnaires. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the farm specific and farmers features of rice production, optimize and determine the input factors (farm size, labour, fertilizer, agrochemicals, seeds) affecting output of rice producers, evaluate the socio-economic factors affecting the technical inefficiency of rice producers and determine the technical efficiency scores of rice producers. The analytical tools used to achieve the objectives were stochastic production efficiency frontier model (SPEFM), return to scale (RTS), elasticity of production model (EP) and t-Test of difference between means. The findings revealed that rice production generates profits and demonstrated a substantial financial difference between cost and returns. Production elasticity showed a positive result for all farm inputs including farm size, labour, fertilizers, agrochemicals and seeds and as a result, these inputs boost output levels. A proportional increase in input resources results in more than a proportional increase in output at a return to scale ratio of 1.020 in the rice farming operation. The analysis reveals that farm size with combined seeds and fertilizers stands as the significant and primary production factors for rice but actual production efficiency depends mainly on the education level, farm experience and cooperative standing of the producers. Rice productivity will increase through better access to productive inputs combined with available land improvements and financial assistance. The paper suggests policy solutions which support both efficient resource management and technical training initiatives to enhance farmers' output levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Optimizing Output Rice Producers Stochastic Production Frontier Return to Scale Nigeria.

Proje Numarası

NIL

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, A. M., Agada, I. G., & Kolade, O. (2018). Impacts of rice importation on Nigeria’s economy. Journal of Scientific Agriculture, 2(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2018.v2.901
  • Adejoh, E. U., Ojeleye, O. A., Ahmed, B., & Maiangwa, M. G. (2018). Determinants of technical efficiency in rice production under the National Programme for Food Security (NPFS) in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 14(1), 1-9. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jagrenv /article/view/235838
  • Alabi, O.O., Oladele, A.O., & Maharazu, I. (2022). Economies of Scale and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Pepper (Capsicum species) Production in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 67 (1), 63 – 82. https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS2201063A.
  • Asfaw, D.M (2021). Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Tomato Producers in Asaita District, Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 16(9): e0257366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0257366
  • Bala, J., Hauwa, A. Y., & Musa, Y. M. (2020). Impact of adoption of the new rice for Africa 1 on farmers’ yield of in Gombe State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 24(4), 72-81. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.8
  • Bello, I. M., Sanni, A., & Oladimeji, Y. (2021). Effects of agricultural policies on rice production in Nigeria: A case study of government interventions. International Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 9(1), 65-79.
  • CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria). (2021). Annual report on agricultural financing programs. Abuja, Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria.
  • Edeoghon, C. O. (2017). Economic empowerment of urban farmers in Benin Metropolis. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 10 (3), 1 – 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-1003020107
  • Esiobu, N. S. (2020). Does the Incidence of COVID-19 pandemic affect rice yield? Lessons from Southeast Nigeria. In Recent advances in rice research. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93744
  • Eze, P.C., Musa, J.J., Onyekwere, I.N., & Balogun, I. A (2020). Effect of Rice Husk Residue on Maize in Minna, Nigeria. The Journal of Research, ANGRAU, 48 (4), 21 – 26. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/TJRA/issue/view/3658
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2022). Rice production trends in Africa: Challenges and opportunities. Rome, Italy: FAO Publications.
  • FAO. (2020). The state of food and agriculture: Smallholder farmers and sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Izekor, O. B., & Alufohai, G. O. (2014). Production elasticities, return to scale and allocative efficiency in yam production in Edo State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 14(2), 179-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v14i2.1
  • Kadiri, F. A., Eze, C. C., Orebiyi, J. S., & Henri–Ukoha, A. (2014). Economic analysis of paddy rice production in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(12), 541-550. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5005/article/view/1284
  • Kamai, N., Omoigui, L. O., Kamara, A. Y., & Ekeleme, F. (2020). Guide to Rice Production in Northern Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 35pp.
  • Lin, B., Wang, X., Jin, S., Yang, W., & Li, H. (2022). Impacts of cooperative membership on rice productivity: Evidence from China. World Development, 150, 105669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105669
  • Linn, T., & Maenhout, B. (2019). Measuring the efficiency of rice production in Myanmar using data envelopment analysis. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 16(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2019.16.2.1
  • Merem, E. C., Twumasi, Y., Wesley, J., Isokpehi, P., Shenge, M., Fageir, S., ... & Nwagboso, E. (2017). Analyzing Rice production issues in the Niger State Area of Nigeria’s middle Belt. Food and Public Health, 7(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20170701.02
  • Mohammed, U. A., Ibrahim, S., Hayatu, M., & Mohammed, F. A. (2019). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Nigeria: challenges and prospects. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 5(2), 29-37.
  • Mwalyagile, N., Jeckoniah, J. N., & Salanga, R. J. (2024). Gender differences in rice production participation among smallholder farmers in small-scale irrigation schemes in mbarali district, Tanzania. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101390
  • Nwahia, O. C. (2020). Analysis of the cost and economic returns in rice production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i3.4912
  • Obianefo, C. A., Ezeano, I. C., Isibor, C. A., & Ahaneku, C. E. (2023). Technology Gap Efficiency of Small-Scale Rice Processors in Anambra State, Nigeria. Sustainability, 15(6), 4840. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064840
  • Okodua, H. (2017). Assessing the impact of rice sector policy reforms on the income mobility of rural households in Nigeria. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010174
  • Oluleye, D., Anthony,L., Ukaoha,C.L., Alabi,O.O., Njoku,V.O., and Ajibare,D.B (2022). Technical Efficiency of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4 (5): 120 – 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.5.550
  • Oluleye, D.O., Alabi, O.O., Bayei, J.D., Isah, H., Aluwong, J.S., Atteh, P.A., Okoh, S.O., Olawoye, T.,Olajide, O.R., Olumuyiwa, B.A., and Haruna, O.E (2024). Economic Efficiency and Profitability Analysis of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Agricultural University Plovdiv 16(41): 98 – 109. https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.009
  • Omotilewa, O. J., Jayne, T. S., Muyanga, M., Aromolaran, A. B., Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., & Awokuse, T. (2021). A revisit of farm size and productivity: Empirical evidence from a wide range of farm sizes in Nigeria. World development, 146, 105592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105592
  • Tijani, B. A., Benisheik, K. M., Mustapha, A. B., & Dangaladima, W. (2010). Analysis of factors influencing labour supplied to non-farm sub-sector by households in Mubi North local government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 18(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v18i1.56839
  • Ukwuaba, I. C., Owutuamor, Z. B., & Ogbu, C. C. (2020). Assessment of agricultural credit sources and accessibility in Nigeria. Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics (RAAE), 23(2), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.308396
  • Yamane, T. (1967). ‘Statistics: An Introductory Analysis’, 2nd Edition., New York: Harper and Row. Pp. 33-50.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Agronomi, Gübreler ve Uygulaması, Tahıllar ve Yemeklik Tane Baklagiller
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabı 0000-0002-8390-9775

Felix Eke 0000-0003-1915-4133

Hamid Kareem 0009-0005-8632-3074

Godbless Friday Safugha 0000-0003-3306-3035

Alexander Oche Ejoha 0009-0007-2853-2059

Olateju Omole 0009-0000-6285-1829

Paul Akınwumı Atteh 0009-0006-2030-8514

Oladayo Oluleye 0000-0001-6456-1892

Comfort Kaka Yisa Gana 0009-0009-2063-6157

Proje Numarası NIL
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alabı, O. O., Eke, F., Kareem, H., … Safugha, G. F. (2025). Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 20-32.
AMA Alabı OO, Eke F, Kareem H, vd. Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2025;3(1):20-32.
Chicago Alabı, Olugbenga Omotayo, Felix Eke, Hamid Kareem, Godbless Friday Safugha, Alexander Oche Ejoha, Olateju Omole, Paul Akınwumı Atteh, Oladayo Oluleye, ve Comfort Kaka Yisa Gana. “Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria”. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 20-32.
EndNote Alabı OO, Eke F, Kareem H, Safugha GF, Ejoha AO, Omole O, Atteh PA, Oluleye O, Yisa Gana CK (01 Haziran 2025) Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3 1 20–32.
IEEE O. O. Alabı, F. Eke, H. Kareem, G. F. Safugha, A. O. Ejoha, O. Omole, P. A. Atteh, O. Oluleye, ve C. K. Yisa Gana, “Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria”, Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 20–32, 2025.
ISNAD Alabı, Olugbenga Omotayo vd. “Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria”. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3/1 (Haziran2025), 20-32.
JAMA Alabı OO, Eke F, Kareem H, Safugha GF, Ejoha AO, Omole O, Atteh PA, Oluleye O, Yisa Gana CK. Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;3:20–32.
MLA Alabı, Olugbenga Omotayo vd. “Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria”. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 20-32.
Vancouver Alabı OO, Eke F, Kareem H, Safugha GF, Ejoha AO, Omole O, vd. Optimizing the Output of Rice Farmers in Niger and Nassarawa States, Nigeria. Düzce Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;3(1):20-32.