Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Eğitiminde Dijital ve Bilgisayar Destekli Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler; sağlık, gıda, kozmetik, parfümeri, eczacılık ve çeşitli endüstriyel alanlarda kullanılan biyolojik kaynaklar olmalarının yanı sıra, bitki bilimi, tarım, biyokimya, farmakognozi ve çevre bilimleri gibi birçok disiplinin kesişiminde yer alan önemli bir eğitim materyalidir. Bununla birlikte, bu bitkilerin tanınması, yetiştirilmesi, hasat edilmesi, işlenmesi ve kalite özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi yalnızca teorik bilgiyle açıklanamayacak ölçüde uygulamalı ve deneysel bir öğrenme süreci gerektirmektedir. Son yıllarda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, geleneksel bitki eğitimini destekleyen yeni araçların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Dijital herbaryumlar, çevrim içi bitki veri tabanları, mobil bitki tanıma uygulamaları, artırılmış gerçeklik, sanal laboratuvarlar, sensör sistemleri, bulut tabanlı veri depolama, veri görselleştirme, istatistiksel yazılımlar, kodlama ve oyunlaştırma uygulamaları bu dönüşümün başlıca bileşenleridir. Özellikle mobil bitki tanıma uygulamalarının öğrencilerin bitki türlerini tanıma becerilerini ve doğaya yönelik ilgilerini destekleyebildiği, ancak bu uygulamaların geleneksel teşhis anahtarlarının ve uzman değerlendirmesinin yerine geçirilmemesi gerektiği bildirilmektedir. Benzer şekilde sanal laboratuvarlar, gerçek laboratuvarların yerine tamamen ikame edilmekten çok, deney öncesi hazırlık, kavramsal öğrenme, tekrar ve güvenli uygulama açısından tamamlayıcı bir araç olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu derlemede tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin eğitiminde dijital ve bilgisayar destekli yaklaşımlar; dijital bitki atlasları ve veri tabanları, mobil uygulamalar ve artırılmış gerçeklik, sanal laboratuvarlar, kimyasal ve fenotipik verilerin bilgisayar destekli analizi, kodlama ve oyunlaştırma, uzaktan ve hibrit eğitim ile örnek uygulamalar başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca dijital teknolojilerin sağladığı olanakların yanında yanlış tür teşhisi, veri kalitesi, dijital bölünme, teknolojiye aşırı bağımlılık, veri güvenliği ve uygulamaların pedagojik amaçtan uzaklaşması gibi sınırlılıklar tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler eğitiminde en uygun yaklaşımın teknolojiyi geleneksel botanik, laboratuvar ve arazi eğitiminin alternatifi değil, bunları güçlendiren bütünleşik bir eğitim bileşeni olarak ele almak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler
• dijital eğitim
• bilgisayar destekli eğitim
• mobil uygulamalar
• artırılmış gerçeklik
• sanal laboratuvar
• bitki tanıma
• veri analizi
• oyunlaştırma

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Digital and Computer-Assisted Approaches in the Education of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Öz

Medicinal and aromatic plants are not only biological resources used in healthcare, food, cosmetics, perfumery, pharmaceutical, and various industrial applications, but also important educational materials situated at the intersection of several disciplines, including plant science, agriculture, biochemistry, pharmacognosy, and environmental sciences. However, the identification, cultivation, harvesting, processing, and evaluation of the quality characteristics of these plants require a practical and experimental learning process that cannot be adequately addressed through theoretical knowledge alone. In recent years, advances in information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new tools that support traditional plant education. Digital herbaria, online plant databases, mobile plant identification applications, augmented reality, virtual laboratories, sensor systems, cloud-based data storage, data visualization, statistical software, coding, and gamification applications are among the major components of this transformation. In particular, mobile plant identification applications have been reported to support students’ plant species identification skills and interest in nature; however, these applications should not replace traditional identification keys or expert evaluation. Similarly, virtual laboratories should be regarded not as complete substitutes for real laboratories, but rather as complementary tools for pre-experimental preparation, conceptual learning, repetition, and safe practice. In this review, digital and computer-assisted approaches in the education of medicinal and aromatic plants are evaluated under the headings of digital plant atlases and databases, mobile applications and augmented reality, virtual laboratories, computer-assisted analysis of chemical and phenotypic data, coding and gamification, distance and hybrid education, and example applications. In addition to the opportunities provided by digital technologies, limitations such as incorrect species identification, data quality, the digital divide, excessive dependence on technology, data security, and the diversion of applications from their pedagogical objectives are also discussed. In conclusion, the most appropriate approach to the education of medicinal and aromatic plants is to consider technology not as an alternative to traditional botanical, laboratory, and field-based education, but as an integrated educational component that strengthens and complements these approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medicinal and aromatic plants
• digital education
• computer-assisted education
• mobile applications
• augmented reality
• virtual laboratory
• plant identification
• data analysis

Etik Beyan

No approval from an ethics committee is required for this study.

Kaynakça

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