Ergonomic Conditions in Public Transportation Spaces: The Case of Istanbul

Öz

This study explores the ergonomic performance of public transportation systems in Istanbul by focusing on the spatial, psychological, and social aspects of user experience. The research aims to evaluate and compare the ergonomic conditions of three main transport modes—metrobus (Söğütlüçeşme), metro (Kadıköy), and maritime transport (Kadıköy Pier)—to identify factors affecting comfort, accessibility, and usability. Grounded in interdisciplinary ergonomic theory, the study draws from environmental psychology, user-centered design, and spatial justice, incorporating standards such as the UNCRPD and inclusive design principles. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining field observations, user surveys, and spatial measurements to assess variables like crowding, thermal comfort, noise, and accessibility features. The findings indicate that each system presents distinct ergonomic challenges. Metrobus experiences severe overcrowding, the metro lacks effective navigational tools, and maritime transport—though spatially open—falls short in accessibility and acoustic comfort. These issues are analyzed within the study’s theoretical framework, highlighting systemic and design-related shortcomings. The study concludes with recommendations for improving user-centered transport design and accessibility through inclusive planning and participatory feedback. By offering a holistic assessment of ergonomics in public transportation, this research contributes both theoretically and practically to the field of urban mobility and infrastructure planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Public transportation
• ergonomics
• accessibility
• user experience
• spatial justice
• public space.

Toplu Taşıma Mekânlarında Ergonomik Koşullar: İstanbul Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, İstanbul’daki toplu taşıma sistemlerinin ergonomik performansını kullanıcı deneyiminin mekânsal, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutlarına odaklanarak incelemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı; metrobus (Söğütlüçeşme), metro (Kadıköy) ve deniz ulaşımı (Kadıköy İskelesi) olmak üzere üç ana ulaşım sisteminin ergonomik koşullarını değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak, konfor, erişilebilirlik ve kullanılabilirliği etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Çalışma, disiplinlerarası ergonomi kuramına dayanmaktadır; çevresel psikoloji, kullanıcı odaklı tasarım ve mekânsal adalet yaklaşımlarından yararlanılmakta, UNCRPD (Birleşmiş Milletler Engelli Hakları Sözleşmesi) gibi erişilebilirlik standartları ve kapsayıcı tasarım ilkeleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Karma yöntemli bir yaklaşım benimsenmiş; saha gözlemleri, kullanıcı anketleri ve mekânsal ölçümler yoluyla yoğunluk, ısıl konfor, gürültü düzeyi ve erişilebilirlik gibi değişkenler analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, her ulaşım sisteminin kendine özgü ergonomik sorunlar barındırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Metrobüste aşırı kalabalık ciddi bir sorunken, metroda yönlendirme araçlarının yetersizliği dikkat çekmektedir. Deniz ulaşımı ise mekânsal olarak avantajlı olmasına rağmen, erişilebilirlik ve akustik konfor açısından eksiklikler taşımaktadır. Bu sorunlar çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesiyle birlikte değerlendirilmiş, sistemsel ve tasarımsal eksiklikler ortaya konmuştur. Çalışma, kullanıcı odaklı ulaşım tasarımı ve erişilebilirlik konusunda kapsayıcı planlama ile katılımcı geri bildirim mekanizmalarına dayalı çözüm önerileri sunmaktadır. Ergonomi kavramını fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutlarıyla ele alan bütüncül bir değerlendirme sunarak, kentsel hareketlilik ve altyapı planlaması alanlarına kuramsal ve pratik katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplu taşıma
• ergonomi
• erişilebilirlik
• kullanıcı deneyimi
• mekânsal adalet
• kamusal mekân.

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