Araştırma Makalesi

Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul

Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 25 Ağustos 2026
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Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul

Öz

Ottoman hammams are significant heritage buildings that encompass both tangible and intangible cultural values, having historically shaped social life, urban space, and collective memory. Since the early 20th century, many hammams in Istanbul have lost their original function and fallen into ruin due to rising operational costs, infrastructural and hygiene transformations, socio-cultural changes, natural hazards, fragmented ownership, and rapid urban development. This study examines five ruined Ottoman hammams in Istanbul through a context-sensitive, decision-oriented, and comparative framework, identifying conservation strategies tailored to different physical, urban, and administrative conditions. The analysis combines archival research and field observations across five evaluation criteria—physical integrity, urban context and public visibility, ownership and management structure, key conservation issues, and intervention priority—and interprets the findings across the cases without numerical scoring or weighting. Findings indicate that hammams surviving only as fragmented remains require minimal and reversible interventions, the stabilization of extant elements, and interpretive measures to convey their historical and cultural context. In contrast, partially standing hammams demand a more active conservation approach, prioritizing structural stabilization, selective restoration, controlled reuse where feasible, the enhancement of public visibility, and reintegration into the urban fabric. The study demonstrates that ruined hammams are not merely lost structures but cultural heritage assets that enable the development of context-sensitive, flexible, and sustainable conservation strategies. The proposed framework provides a decision-support methodology applicable not only to the Istanbul examples but also to similarly ruined hammams across Anatolia and other abandoned public heritage buildings, offering guidance for sustainable heritage management and context-appropriate conservation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research was conducted as part of a term project at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, with no financial support received.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards applicable to research on historical structures. No human participants or animals were involved in this study.

Teşekkür

This study was developed from research undertaken during the Spring semester of the 2024–2025 academic year at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University. I sincerely thank Halil İbrahim Koyuncu, Map Technician at the Istanbul 4th Regional Council for the Protection of Cultural Assets, for his valuable assistance in providing registration dates and relevant conservation records for the hammams examined in this study. I also thank Emirhan Kaya for his support at the initial stage of the research

Kaynakça

  1. Arıtan, A.S. (10-15 Eylül, 2007). Türk Deri İşlemeciliği Bağlamında Türk Cild Sanatı, Z.D. etc., 38. ICANAS. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil Ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, 121.
  2. Aru, K.A. (1949). Türk Hamamları Etüdü, Doçentlik Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul Matbaacılık, TAO 1949, İstanbul.
  3. Aydın, T. (2013). Zeytinburnu’nda Kentsel Ayrışma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  4. Beukes, E. A., Vanderschuren, M. J. W. A., & Zuidgeest, M. H. P. (2011). Context-sensitive multimodal road planning: A case study in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(3), 452–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.09.004
  5. Bottero, M., D’Alpaos, C., & Oppio, A. (2019). Ranking of adaptive reuse strategies for abandoned industrial heritage in vulnerable contexts: A multiple criteria decision aiding approach. Sustainability, 11(3), 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030785
  6. Creswell, J. W. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  7. Çiftçi, A. (2004). 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devletinde Askeri Mimari ve İstabul'da İnşa Edilen Askeri Yapılar, Doktora Tezi, YTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  8. Çobanoğlu, A. V. (2009). Sultanahmet Camii ve Külliyesi, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İSAM, İstanbul, c. 37, 497–503.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mimari Miras ve Koruma

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

25 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

19 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Tanrıverdi, Z. (2026). Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage, 5(2), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.67288/jah.1832373
AMA
1.Tanrıverdi Z. Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage. 2026;5(2):1-27. doi:10.67288/jah.1832373
Chicago
Tanrıverdi, Zeynep. 2026. “Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul”. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage 5 (2): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.67288/jah.1832373.
EndNote
Tanrıverdi Z (01 Ağustos 2026) Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage 5 2 1–27.
IEEE
[1]Z. Tanrıverdi, “Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul”, Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage, c. 5, sy 2, ss. 1–27, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.67288/jah.1832373.
ISNAD
Tanrıverdi, Zeynep. “Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul”. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage 5/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.67288/jah.1832373.
JAMA
1.Tanrıverdi Z. Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage. 2026;5:1–27.
MLA
Tanrıverdi, Zeynep. “Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul”. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage, c. 5, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 1-27, doi:10.67288/jah.1832373.
Vancouver
1.Zeynep Tanrıverdi. Heritage Left to Ruin: Conservation of Ruined Ottoman Hammams in Istanbul. Digital international journal of Architecture Art Heritage. 01 Ağustos 2026;5(2):1-27. doi:10.67288/jah.1832373

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