Mapping and Analysis of Literature on Spatial Legibility Research in Scopus Database (1981-2023)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 45 - 67, 25.10.2023

Emine Banu Burkut

Öz

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on spatial legibility. The data of the study were obtained from the Scopus database. Publications related to spatial legibility were searched by keywords. The research covers the publications between 1981-2023. The analysis of the data consists, firstly, of the graphics and frequencies presented by the Scopus database, and secondly, the analysis of the data obtained from the R Studio Biblioshiny software program. According to the research findings, the most documents belong to the United States of America. There are publications in the most article types. Most global cited document is by Weisman. The most relevant words in the titles of reviewed publications are urban, legibility and city. The most relevant words in the keywords of reviewed publications are urban legibility, spatial syntax, spatial legibility, and wayfinding. In conclusion, this article presents a detailed literature on publications on spatial legibility. In the research, the spatial legibility research, which started with Kevin Lynch, has been examined in the process until today and reveals their mapping with R Studio-Bibliosiny software. As a suggestion, future research on spatial readability could focus on specific years and periods. In addition, different databases or different bibliometric analysis software can be used for analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spatial Legibility, Scopus database, Bibliometric Analysis, R Studio-Biblioshiny, Mapping

Kaynakça

• Ahmadpoor, N., & Smith, A. D. (2020). Spatial knowledge acquisition and mobile maps: The role of environmental legibility. Cities, 101, 102700. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275119314313
• Akgün, S., Kiliçaslan, H., Özbalta, N. B., & Taşdelen, E. U. (2023). Fiziksel ve Sanal Müze Deneyimlerinde Mekânsal Okunabilirlik Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Online Journal of Art and Design, 11(4). http://adjournal.net/articles/114/11417.pdf
• Askarizad, R., & He, J. (2022). Perception of Spatial Legibility and Its Association with Human Mobility Patterns: An Empirical Assessment of the Historical Districts in Rasht, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15258. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/22/15258
• Askarizad, R., He, J., & Khotbehsara, E. M. (2022). The legibility efficacy of historical neighborhoods in creating a cognitive map for citizens. Sustainability, 14(15), 9010. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/15/9010
• Appleyard, D. (1969). Why buildings are known: A predictive tool for architects and planners. Environment and Behavior, 1(2), 131-156. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001391656900100202
• Ateş, M. (2022). Üsküdar’ın Kent İmgeleri Bağlamında Okunabilirliği. Kent Akademisi, 15(1), 223-244. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kent/issue/68903/1020409
• Bafna, S. (2003). Space syntax: A brief introduction to its logic and analytical techniques. Environment and behavior, 35(1), 17-29. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0013916502238863
• Belir, Ö. (2021). Simetri Eksenindeki İşaret Ögesinin Görme Engellinin Mekânsal Okumasına Etkisi. Megaron, 16(3), 574-583. https://jag.journalagent.com/megaron/pdfs/MEGARON_16_3_574_582.pdf Bozdağ, A., Gümüş, M.G., Gümüş, K., Durduran, S.S., (2020). Evaluating spatial legibility of the university campus using GIS. Aksaray University, Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2): 127-147. http://asujse.aksaray.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/1195133
• Burkut, E. B. (2022), Çocuklarda Mekânsal Okunabilirlik Parametrelerinin Biçimsel, Bilişsel ve Dizimsel Yönleri, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı Mimarlık Doktora Programı, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul 2022. https://acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11352/4364
• Cubukcu, E., & Nasar, J. L. (2005). Relation of physical form to spatial knowledge in largescale virtual environments. Environment and Behavior, 37(3), 397-417. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013916504269748
• Dehghan, N., Moradi, A. M., & Memariyan, G. H. (2012). Comparing the dimensions of spatial legibility with wayfinding strategies. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3, 2637-2646. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Narges-Dehghan-2/publication/355942595_Comparing_the_Dimensions_of_Spatial_Legibility_with_Wayfinding_Strategies/links/6185557c07be5f31b7485169/Comparing-the-Dimensions-of-Spatial-Legibility-with-Wayfinding-Strategies.pdf
• Evans, G., 1980. Cognitive Mapping and Architecture. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(4), 474-478. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cognitive-mapping-and-architecture.-Evans-Fellows/0b6f26fee5980f85ba7d004873f962fed6ef4602
• Gärling, T., Lindberg, E., & Mäntylä, T. (1983). Orientation in buildings: Effects of familiarity, visual access, and orientation aids. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(1), 177. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1983-13824-001
• Haghlesan, M. (2023). Analyzing the legibility of the spaces of urban metro stations using the method of space syntax (case study: El Goli and Kohen stations in Tabriz). Journal of Transportation Research. https://www.trijournal.ir/article_172605_en.html?lang=en
• Haq, S., & Girotto, S. (2003). Ability and Intelligibility: Wayfinding and Environmental Cognition in the Designed Environment. The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, 68.1-68.20. https://www.spacesyntax.net/symposia-archive/SSS4/abstracts/68_HaqGirotto_abstract.pdf
• Kang, Y., Fukahorı, K., Kubota, Y., & Gunawardena, G. M. W. L. (2017). A study on spatial legibility of street network around railway station. Journal of JSCE, 5(1), 87-100. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalofjsce/5/1/5_87/_pdf
• Kitchin, R. M. (1994). Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them?. Journal of environmental psychology, 14(1), 1-19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027249440580194X
• Köseoğlu, E. (2018). Mekânsal Okunabilirlik: Biçimsel. Dizimsel ve Öznel Boyutları, Istanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yayınları. https://yayinevi.fsm.edu.tr/yayin/Mekansal-Okunabilirlik-Bicimsel-Dizimsel-ve-Oznel-Boyutlari
• Köseoğlu, E., & Erinsel Önder, D. (2010). Mekânsal okunabilirlik kavramının çözümlenmesi. Yapı Dergisi, 52-56. https://acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11352/1859
• Koseoglu, E., & Onder, D. E. (2011). Subjective and objective dimensions of spatial legibility. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1191-1195. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811020568
• Köseoğlu, E., & Yilmaz, E. (2023). Examining the interaction of perceived legibility and sense of familiarity in the streets of Hasköy, Beyoğlu. “LOKUM Journal of Art and Design”, 1(1), 13-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/lokum/issue/75884/1227600
• Koseoglu, E. & Camas, V. M. (2017). Streetscape Perception: Interaction of Perceived Legibility and Sense of Security in the Streets of Hasköy, Beyoğlu . A+Arch Design International Journal of Architecture and Design , 3 (1) , 0-0 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/aarch/issue/42330/509318
• Li, R., & Klippel, A. (2016). Wayfinding behaviors in complex buildings: The impact of environmental legibility and familiarity. Environment and Behavior, 48(3), 482-510. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0013916514550243
• Long, Y., Baran, P. K., & Moore, R. (2007, June). The role of space syntax in spatial cognition. In Proceedings of the sixth international space syntax symposium, Istanbul, Turkey (pp. 12-15). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f09dba9285b89be19af12d5bce199fdcdf83cd89
• Long, Y. (2008). The relationships between objective and subjective evaluations of the urban environment: Space Syntax, cognitve maps, and urban legibility. https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/handle/1840.16/4411
• Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262620017/the-image-of-the-city/
• Mahdzar, S. S. S., & Safari, H. (2014). Legibility as a result of geometry space: Analyzing and comparing hypothetical model and existing space by space syntax. Life Science Journal, 11(8), 309-317. http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1108/042_24489life110814_309_317.pdf
• Nenci, A. M., De Rosa, A. S., Testa, G., & Carrus, G. (2000). Social and architectural legibility of the city. In People, places, and sustainabillity (pp. 25-37). https://iris.uniroma1.it/handle/11573/213283
• O'Neill, M. J. (1991). Evaluation of a conceptual model of architectural legibility. Environment and Behavior, 23(3), 259-284. https://www.proquest.com/openview/6aa1f22fda054d3f74d8f39233dde80f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821084
• Ozturk, A. C. (2017). Studies on Reading the Urban Centre via Cognitive Maps: The Example of Eskişehir, Turkey. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 226, 29-38. https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SDP17/SDP17003FU1.pdf
• Safari, H., Moridani, F. F., & Mahdzar, S. S. (2016). Influence of geometry on legibility: An explanatory design study of visitors at the Kuala Lumpur City Center. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 5(4), 499-507. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209526351630036X
• Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments. Advances in child development and behavior, 10, 9-55. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065240708600075
• Topcu, M., Cevrimli, B. A., & Geyikli, H. B. (2021). Syntactic Legibility of Image Elements: Eskişehir Case. MEGARON 2021;16(4):644-658 https://gcris.ktun.edu.tr/bitstream/20.500.13091/1690/1/MEGARON_16_4_644_658.pdf
• Topcu, K. D., & Topcu, M. (2012). Visual presentation of mental images in urban design education: cognitive maps. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51, 573-582. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812033460
• Weisman, J. (1981). Evaluating architectural legibility: Way-finding in the built environment. Environment and behavior, 13(2), 189-204. https://www.proquest.com/openview/e0ef347a7e8bc3684703807764280973/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821084
• Zmudzinska-Nowak, M. (2003). Searching for legible city form: Kevin Lynch's theory in contemporary perspective. Journal of urban technology, 10(3), 19-39. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1063073032000175390
• URL-1. Web of Science (2023). Search, Retrieved (02.08.2023): https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/basic-search.
• URL-2. Scopus, Retrieved (02.08.2023): https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basic#basic
• URL-3. Biblioshiny, Retrieved (02.08.2023): https://www.bibliometrix.org/home/index.php/layout/biblioshiny
• URL-4 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Millet Kütüphanesi, Veritabanları https://mk.gov.tr/veritabanlari/Veritabanları%20Listesi/liste
• URL-5 TÜBİTAK Erişimine Açık Elektronik Bilgi Kaynakları (Veri Tabanları) . https://www.ulakbim.gov.tr/yeniweb/vt/
• URL-6 Bibliometrics: Tools and Software tps://liu.cwp.libguides.com/c.php?g=225325&p=4966525