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Gender-Based Clinical and Polysomnographic Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Ten-Year Single-Center Experience

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 67 - 72, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55694/jamer.1802839

Öz

Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway narrowing or obstruction during sleep and is associated with various systemic diseases. Gender has been identified as a determining factor influencing the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and sleep architecture of OSA. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of adult patients diagnosed with OSA over the past decade, with a particular focus on gender-based differences.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 545 adult patients who underwent polysomnography at the Sleep Disorders Center of the Department of Pulmonology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, between 2015 and 2025. Data were retrospectively obtained from medical records and electronic files. Demographic, clinical, and PSG parameters were analyzed to identify gender-related differences.

Results: A total of 545 patients were included, comprising 346 men (64%) and 199 women (36%). Women were significantly older and had a higher body mass index (p<0.05). Men had larger neck circumferences and higher smoking rates, while women showed significantly higher prevalences of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and hypothyroidism. Regarding PSG findings, apnea–hypopnea index and oxygen saturation values were similar between genders; however, women had a longer N3 sleep duration, whereas men demonstrated higher proportions of N1–N2 stages.

Conclusion: Although OSA is more common in men, it gains clinical significance in women, particularly with increasing age. Higher BMI and comorbidity burden in women, and smoking and larger neck circumference in men, appear to be major risk factors. Evaluating gender-specific differences is crucial for developing individualized management strategies in OSA.

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the Erciyes University Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2025/287 and Date: May 28, 2025).

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received from any institution or organization for this study.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lee W, Nagubadi S, Kryger MH, Mokhlesi B. Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a Population-based Perspective. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2008;2(3):349-364.
  • 2. Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Campbell BE, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;34:70-81.
  • 3. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Nieto FJ, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):19-25.
  • 4. Stelmach-Mardas M, Brajer-Luftmann B, Kuśnierczak M, BaturaGabryel H, Piorunek T, Mardas M. Body mass index reduction and selected cardiometabolic risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea: Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(7):1485.
  • 5. Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, et al. Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8(5):597-619.
  • 6. Auer M, Frauscher B, Hochleitner M, Högl B. Gender-specific differences in access to polysomnography and prevalence of sleep disorders. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(4):525-530.
  • 7. Franklin KA, Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(8):1311-1322.
  • 8. Schwarz EI, Schiza S. Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2024;30(6):593-599.
  • 9. Bozkurt MK, Oy A, Aydin D, Bilen SH, Ertürk IO, Saydam L, et al. Gender differences in polysomnographic findings in Turkish patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;265(7):821-824.
  • 10. Ursavaş A, Öztürk Ö, Köktürk O, Mutlu P, Kılıç H, Güzel A ve ark. Türk popülasyonunda obstrüktif uyku apne sendromunda rol oynayan antropometrik ölçümlerin belirlenmesi. Tuberk Toraks. 2019;67(4):248-257.
  • 11. Malhotra A, Loscalzo J. Sleep and cardiovascular disease: an overview. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;51(4):279-284.
  • 12. Pillar G, Shehadeh N. Abdominal fat and sleep apnea: the chicken or the egg? Diabetes Care. 2008;31 Suppl 2(7):S303-309.
  • 13. Peker Y, Başoğlu ÖK, Fırat H; TURKAPNE Study Group. Rationale and Design of the Turkish Sleep Apnea DatabaseTURKAPNE: A National, Multicenter, Observational, Prospective Cohort Study. Turk Thorac J. 2018 Jul;19(3):136-140.
  • 14. Jordan AS, McSharry DG, Malhotra A. Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet. 2014;383(9918):736-747.
  • 15. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Ten Have T, Leiby BE, VelaBueno A, et al. Association of hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Aug 14-28;160(15):2289-2295.
  • 16. Zeng X, Ren Y, Wu K, Yang Q, Zhang S, Wang D, et al. Association between smoking behavior and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(3):364-371.
  • 17. Jang YS, Nerobkova N, Hurh K, Park EC, Shin J. Association between smoking and obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOPBang index. Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 5;13(1):9085. 18. McNicholas WT. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnoea-the overlap syndrome. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Feb;8(2):236-242.
  • 19. Zhao M, Huang X, Zheng H, Cai Y, Han W, Wang Y, Chen R. Association between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study combined with the geo database. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1420391.
  • 20. Bonsignore MR, Saaresranta T, Riha RL. Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28(154):190030
  • 21. Antonaglia C, Citton GM, Siciliano M, Ruaro B, Salton F, Confalonieri M. Obstructive sleep spnea syndrome in women: gender in sleep respiratory medicine is a first step towards personalized medicine. Sleep Breath. 2025;29(4):250.

Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Hastalarında Cinsiyet Temelli Klinik ve Polisomnografik Özellikler: On Yıllık Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 67 - 72, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55694/jamer.1802839

Öz

Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apnesi (OUA), uykuda üst havayolunun tekrarlayan daralması veya tıkanması sonucu gelişen ve çok sayıda sistemik hastalıkla ilişkili yaygın bir solunum bozukluğudur. Cinsiyet, OUA’nın epidemiyolojisi, klinik sunumu ve uyku mimarisi üzerinde belirleyici bir faktör olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, son on yılda polisomnografi yapılan erişkin hastalarda OUA’nın klinik ve polisomnografik özelliklerinin cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif tanımlayıcı çalışma, Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Uyku Bozuklukları Merkezinde 2015–2025 yılları arasında polisomnografi yapılan 545 erişkin hastayı kapsamaktadır. Veriler hasta dosyalarından elde edilerek retrospektif olarak taranmıştır. Cinsiyetle ilgili farklılıkları belirlemek için demografik, klinik ve polisomnografi (PSG) parametreleri analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 346 erkek (%64) ve 199 kadın (%36) toplam 545 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Kadınlarda yaş ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Erkeklerde boyun çevresi ve sigara kullanımı daha fazla, kadınlarda hipertansiyon, diyabet, astım ve hipotiroidizm oranları belirgin olarak yüksektir. Polisomnografik parametreler açısından Apne-hipopne indeksi ve oksijen satürasyon değerleri benzer bulunmuş, ancak kadınlarda N3 süresi daha uzun, erkeklerde N1–N2 süreleri daha belirgin saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: OUA erkeklerde daha sık görülmekle birlikte, kadınlarda özellikle yaş artışı ile klinik önem kazanmaktadır. Kadınlarda VKİ yüksekliği ve komorbidite yükü, erkeklerde sigara kullanımı ve geniş boyun çevresi belirleyici risk faktörleridir. Cinsiyet temelli farklılıkların değerlendirilmesi, OUA yönetiminde bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımları açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırma Etik Kurulundan onay alınmıştır (Karar No: 2025/287 ve Tarih: 28.05.2025).

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan mali destek alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lee W, Nagubadi S, Kryger MH, Mokhlesi B. Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a Population-based Perspective. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2008;2(3):349-364.
  • 2. Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Campbell BE, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;34:70-81.
  • 3. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Nieto FJ, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):19-25.
  • 4. Stelmach-Mardas M, Brajer-Luftmann B, Kuśnierczak M, BaturaGabryel H, Piorunek T, Mardas M. Body mass index reduction and selected cardiometabolic risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea: Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(7):1485.
  • 5. Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, et al. Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8(5):597-619.
  • 6. Auer M, Frauscher B, Hochleitner M, Högl B. Gender-specific differences in access to polysomnography and prevalence of sleep disorders. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(4):525-530.
  • 7. Franklin KA, Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(8):1311-1322.
  • 8. Schwarz EI, Schiza S. Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2024;30(6):593-599.
  • 9. Bozkurt MK, Oy A, Aydin D, Bilen SH, Ertürk IO, Saydam L, et al. Gender differences in polysomnographic findings in Turkish patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;265(7):821-824.
  • 10. Ursavaş A, Öztürk Ö, Köktürk O, Mutlu P, Kılıç H, Güzel A ve ark. Türk popülasyonunda obstrüktif uyku apne sendromunda rol oynayan antropometrik ölçümlerin belirlenmesi. Tuberk Toraks. 2019;67(4):248-257.
  • 11. Malhotra A, Loscalzo J. Sleep and cardiovascular disease: an overview. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;51(4):279-284.
  • 12. Pillar G, Shehadeh N. Abdominal fat and sleep apnea: the chicken or the egg? Diabetes Care. 2008;31 Suppl 2(7):S303-309.
  • 13. Peker Y, Başoğlu ÖK, Fırat H; TURKAPNE Study Group. Rationale and Design of the Turkish Sleep Apnea DatabaseTURKAPNE: A National, Multicenter, Observational, Prospective Cohort Study. Turk Thorac J. 2018 Jul;19(3):136-140.
  • 14. Jordan AS, McSharry DG, Malhotra A. Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet. 2014;383(9918):736-747.
  • 15. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Ten Have T, Leiby BE, VelaBueno A, et al. Association of hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Aug 14-28;160(15):2289-2295.
  • 16. Zeng X, Ren Y, Wu K, Yang Q, Zhang S, Wang D, et al. Association between smoking behavior and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(3):364-371.
  • 17. Jang YS, Nerobkova N, Hurh K, Park EC, Shin J. Association between smoking and obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOPBang index. Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 5;13(1):9085. 18. McNicholas WT. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnoea-the overlap syndrome. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Feb;8(2):236-242.
  • 19. Zhao M, Huang X, Zheng H, Cai Y, Han W, Wang Y, Chen R. Association between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study combined with the geo database. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1420391.
  • 20. Bonsignore MR, Saaresranta T, Riha RL. Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28(154):190030
  • 21. Antonaglia C, Citton GM, Siciliano M, Ruaro B, Salton F, Confalonieri M. Obstructive sleep spnea syndrome in women: gender in sleep respiratory medicine is a first step towards personalized medicine. Sleep Breath. 2025;29(4):250.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Göğüs Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burcu Baran 0000-0002-6757-3140

Nur Aleyna Yetkin 0000-0001-5974-9129

Bilal Rabahoğlu 0000-0002-1992-4073

Nuri Tutar 0000-0003-3097-4896

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Baran B, Yetkin NA, Rabahoğlu B, Tutar N. Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Hastalarında Cinsiyet Temelli Klinik ve Polisomnografik Özellikler: On Yıllık Tek Merkez Deneyimi. JAMER. 2025;10(3):67-72.