Farklı Ekstraksiyon Yöntemlerinin Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Ekstraktı Üzerine Etkisinin ve Ayran Üretiminde Kullanılabilirliğinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, , 107 - 129, 29.12.2024

Fadime Seyrekoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1442132

Öz

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) bitkisinin son yıllarda kullanım alanı giderek artmaktadır. Özellikle sağlık ve kozmetik sektörlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Gıda endüstrisindeki kullanımı da son dönemde artış göstermektedir. Bitkinin kendine özgü yapısı ve bileşimi nedeniyle, yenilebilir film ve kaplama olarak kullanımı ile ilgili çalışmalar özellikle ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Aloe vera jel ve yaprak kısımları ayrı ayrı farklı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon yöntemleri olarak maserasyon ve ultrasonik dalga destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri ve çözücü olarak etanol, su ve etanol:su (1:1) çözücüsü kullanılmıştır. Farklı ekstraksiyon yöntem ve farklı çözücülerin ekstraktlara etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen ekstraktların toplam fenolik madde miktarı, DPPH süpürme aktivitesi ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Sonrasın da elde edilen Aloe vera jelinin ayranda kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Farklı oranlarda ayrana ilave edilerek elde edilen ayran örneklerinde duyusal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aloe vera jelinde en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı çözücü olarak su ve yöntem olarak ultrasonik dalga destekli ekstraksiyon yönteminin kullanılmasıyla elde edilen ekstraktta 508.80 mg GAE/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aloe vera jelinde aynı ekstraksiyon şartlarında en yüksek DPPH süpürme aktivitesi %27.06 tespit edilmiştir. Toplam flavonoid miktarını değerlendirdiğimizde maserasyon yönteminde etanol/su karışımını çözücü olarak kullandığımızda en yüksek miktar olan 163.79 mg QE/g tespit edilmiştir. Aloe vera yaprağında ise etanol/su karışımının çözücü olarak kullanıldığı ve ultrasonik dalga destekli ekstraksiyon ile elde edilen ekstraktta en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı 597.63 mg GAE/g, en yüksek DPPH süpürme aktivitesi %66.38 ve en yüksek toplam Flavonoid madde miktarı 409.20 mg QE/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak değerlendirdiğimizde toplam fenolik madde miktarı, DPPH süpürme aktivitesi ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı birbiriyle doğru orantılı şekilde artış göstermiştir. Fenolik ve flavonoid özellik gösteren bileşikler DPPH süpürme aktivitesinin artmasını sağlamıştır. Ayran örneklerine Aloe vera jeli farklı oranlarda % (1.25, 2.5 ve 5) eklenmiştir. %1.25 oranında eklenen ayran örnekleri hiç eklenmeyen kontrol grubuyla benzer puanlar almıştır. Diğer ayran örnekleride panelistlerden yüksek puanlar almıştır. Bu çalışma ile Aloe vera jel ve yaprağının ekstraksiyon şartları optimize edilmiştir ve ayranda kullanım olanakları değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera), Ekstraksiyon, Ayran

Determination of the Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Extract and its Usability in Ayran

Öz

The Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) plant has been gaining increasing popularity in recent years, especially in the fields of health and cosmetics. Its use in the food industry has also been on the rise late. There is particularly growing interest in its application as an edible film and coating because of its unique structure and composition. In this study, Aloe vera gel and leaf parts were evaluated separately. As extraction methods, maceration and ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction methods were used, and ethanol, water, and ethanol/water (1:1) mixtures were used as solvents. The effects of different extraction methods and solvents on the extracts were investigated. The total phenolic substance content, DPPH scavenging activity, and total flavonoid substance content of the obtained extracts were calculated. The usability of the obtained Aloe vera gel was then investigated in ayran. Sensory analyses were performed on ayran samples obtained by adding ayran at different rates. The highest amount of phenolic substance in Aloe vera gel was calculated as 508.80 mg GAE /g in the extract obtained using water as the solvent and the ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction method as the method. The highest DPPH scavenging activity 27.06% was detected in Aloe vera gel under the same extraction conditions. When we evaluated the total amount of flavonoids, the highest amount was found to be 163.79 mgQE/g when ethanol/water mixture was used as a solvent in the maceration method. In the extract obtained from Aloe vera leaf, where ethanol:water (1:1) solvent was used as solvent and ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, the highest amount of phenolic substance was 597.63 mg GAE /g, the highest DPPH activity was 66.38%, and the highest total amount of flavonoid substance was 409.20 mg QE /g. When we evaluated the results generally, the amount of total phenolic substance, DPPH scavenging activity, and total amount of flavonoid substance increased in direct proportion to each other. Compounds with phenolic and flavonoid properties increased with DPPH scavenging activity. Aloe vera gel was added to ayran samples at different rates (%1.25, 2.5 and 5). Samples of ayran added at a rate of 1.25% received scores similar to those of the control group without any addition. Other samples of ayran also received high scores from the panelists. In this study, the extraction conditions of Aloe vera gel and leaf were optimized and their usage possibilities in ayran were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera), Extraction, Ayran.

Kaynakça

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