The Effects of Ground Based Skidding on Saplings during Forest Thinning Operations in Summer Season
Abstract
Wood harvesting are one of the main activities that directly affect many
elements of ecological forest ecosystem. Especially in terms of silvicultural,
thinning and selection cutting can cause significant damage to the saplings
that are both to the sustainability of the forest and the wood products of the
future. In this study, damage types and grades of uncontrolled ground-based skidding
to the saplings were determined. The study was carried out in harvesting units
applied thinning with an average slope of 65% and main tree species oriental
spruce [Picea orientalis L. (Link)]
and eastern beech [Fagus orientalis
Lipsky.]. In the scope of the study, saplings who were smaller than 10 cm in
diameter around the skidding routes were examined in the harvesting units
during the summer season. Diameters of the damaged seedlings were measured and
the damage types they saw were determined as crushing, lean, top breaking,
uprooting and side-lying. It was determined some damages to saplings as lean
(25%), uprooting (21%), crushed (20%), side lying (19%) and top breaking (15%)
during the skidding activities. As a result of the study, it was determined
that thin-diameter seedlings are more likely to suffer side-lying damage while
thick-diameter seedlings are exposed to lean and uprooting damage. Controlled
skidding on a fixed or artificial route using simple machine power can be
effective in reducing the damage to saplings in harvesting units with high
sapling density.
Keywords
Ground Based Skidding,Damage to Saplings,Residual Stand,Thinning Operations
Kaynakça
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