Unmanned Air Vehicles and Autopilots

Öz

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are airplanes that can be remotely controlled or that can automatically perform their duties, without pilots or passengers. Besides the use of UAVs in the military field, they are also widely used in civilian and scientific fields. The UAV autopilot system in unmanned aerial vehicles continuously guides the UAVs to follow a reference route or navigate some crossing points. A powerful UAV autopilot can guide the UAV in all stages including take-off, ascent, descent, tracking, and landing. Studies on autopilots, one of the main control components of strategically important UAVs in every country, are of great importance. Therefore, it is aimed to review the papers in the literature about autopilot systems in UAV. For this purpose, over fifty studies published between 2001-2020 were examined and analyzed. The presented study will shed light on the researches in the field of autopilot systems in UAVs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unmanned Air Vehicles
• Autopilots
• Autonom Control Systems

İnsansız Hava Araçları ve Otopilotlar

Öz

İİnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) uzaktan kumanda edilebilen veya otomatik olarak görevini yerine getirebilen, içerisinde pilot ya da yolcu barındırmayan uçaklardır. İHA’ların askeri alanda kullanımının yanısıra sivil ve bilimsel alanlarda da yaygın bir kullanımı mevcuttur. İnsansız hava araçlarında yer alan İHA otopilot sistemi, İHA'lara bir referans yolunu izlemeleri veya bazı geçiş noktalarında gezinmeleri için sürekli rehberlik etmektedir. Güçlü bir İHA otopilot; kalkış, yükseliş, alçalış, yörünge takibi ve karaya inme dahil tüm aşamalarda İHA'ya rehberlik edebilir. Her ülke bünyesinde stratejik öneme sahip olan İHA’ların ana kontrol bileşenlerinden olan otopilotlar ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde yer alan otopilot sistemlerini içeren yayınların derlemesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 2001-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış elliden fazla çalışma incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Sunulan çalışmanın İHA’larda yer alan otopilot sistemleri alanında yapılacak araştırmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsansız Hava Araçları
• Otopilotlar
• Otonom Kontol Sistemleri

Kaynakça

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