Genetik Belirteçler ve Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinde Uygulamaları

Öz

DNA dizilimlerinde genetik polimorfizmlerin keşfedilmesi, hayvanlarda gözlemlenen fenotipik varyasyonu açıklamak için yeni araçlar sunmuştur. Belirli lokuslarda allelik varyasyonun ortaya koyulması, bu çeşitliliğin anlaşılması amacıyla genetik belirteçler kullanılması yaygın hale gelmektedir. Bu da, çiftlik hayvanlarındaki genetik çeşitliliğin değerlendirilmesine, ebeveyn kontrolüne ve hastalık vektörlerinin belirlenmesinin yanında ekonomik öneme sahip özelliklerde rol oynayan önemli gen ve/veya genlerin tanımlanmasına (QTL ve MAS) olanak sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda hayvansal üretimde yaygın olarak kullanılan genetik belirteçlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılan yaygın yöntemlere (AFLP, RAPD, RFLP, SSCP, mikrosatellit işaretleyiciler, STR ve SNP) yer verilmiş ve uygulama alanları değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hayvansal Üretim
• Genetik Belirteçler
• Genetik Polimorfizm
• Moleküler Uygulamalar

Genetic Markers and Their Applications in Animal Breeding

Öz

The discovery of genetic polymorphisms in DNA sequences has opened up new possibilities for explaining phenotypic variation in animals. It is becoming increasingly common to uncover allelic variations at specific loci and to use genetic markers to understand these variations. This has made it possible to find disease-carrying animals and measure genetic diversity in animal breeding. It has also helped to find important genes and genes involved in economically important traits (QTL and MAS). In this study, common methods (AFLP, RAPD, RFLP, SSCP, microsatellite markers, STR and SNP) that have been used in recent years in the determination of genetic markers widely used in animal production were included and their areas of application were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Animal Production
• Genetic Markers
• Genetic polumorhisms
• Molakular Applications

Kaynakça

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