Genome Editing Techniques and Their Usability in Animal Breeding

Öz

New solutions are being produced for problems such as inadequate stock of agricultural products that can’t satisfy the food need due to rapid increase of the world population, adaptation difficulties arising in livestocks due to climate change and various diseases spreading each day. The use of genome editing techniques which is developing recently, has been recognized by scientists as a solution to these problems. Genome editing is the method of genomic modification which is generating double strand breaks with nucleases in a specific locus of the genome by repairing these double chain breaks with one of homologous recombination or nonhomologous recombination methods. By combining these methods with embryo transfer technology, the main purpose in animal breeding is increasing yield and quality of products as well as to increse animal welfare and resistance to diseases. In this study, it is aimed to explain the methods of genome editing and their application areas in animal breeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ZFN
• TALEN
• CRISPR
• Farm animals

Genom Düzenleme Teknikleri ve Hayvan Islahında Kullanılabilirliği

Öz

Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasıyla ortaya çıkan gıda ihtiyacını karşılayamayan tarımsal ürünlerin stok yetersizliği, iklim değişiklikleri sebebiyle çiftlik hayvanlarında ortaya çıkan adaptasyon güçlükleri ve yaygınlaşan çeşitli hastalıklar gibi problemler için her geçen gün yeni çözümler üretilmektedir. Son zamanlarda geliştirilen genom düzenleme tekniklerinin kullanımı ile bu sorunlara çözüm bulunabileceği bilim insanları tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Genom düzenleme, nükleazlar sayesinde genomda belirlenmiş bir yerden bölgeye özel DNA çift zincir kırıkları (DSB) oluşturduktan sonra homolog rekombinasyon (HDR) veya homolog olmayan rekombinasyon (NHEJ) yöntemlerinden biriyle çift zincir kırıkları tamir edilerek genom değişimini meydana getirebilme metodudur. Bu metotlar ile embriyo transfer teknolojisi birleştirilerek hayvan ıslahına uygulanmasında temel amaç, verim ve kaliteyi artırmanın yanında hayvan refahının arttırılması ve hastalıklara karşı direnç sağlanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, genom düzenleme yöntemlerinin ve hayvancılıkta uygulama alanlarının açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ZFN
• TALEN
• CRISPR
• Çiftlik hayvanları

Kaynakça

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