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Fermentation and Digestibility Characteristics of Soybean, Sunflower and Their Mixture Silages

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 191 - 198, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1017749

Öz

This experiment was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics and in vivo digestibilities of silages prepared from soybean, sunflower and soybean-sunflower mixtures at different levels (15% soybean + 85% sunflower, 30% soybean + 70% sunflower, 45% soybean + 55% sunflower). For this purpose, a total of 25 silages, 5 for each mixture, were prepared in 120-liter drums. After 90 days of incubation, the content of crude materials, volatile fatty acids and fermentation characteristics of the silages were determined. To determine the digestive characteristics of the silages, 5 two-year-old Akkaraman rams with an average weight of 30-35 kg were used. The classical digestion method was used in the study. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) contents increased and ether extract (EE), acid and neutral detergent fiber (ADF and NDF) contents decreased with increasing soybean content in the mixtures. While the lowest pH, acetate, propionate and the highest Flieg values were determined in silages containing 30% soybean and 70% sunflower, the lowest butyrate value was determined in silages containing 15% soybean and 85% sunflower. The highest butyrate, lactate, EE, NDF and the lowest dry matter, CP contents were determined in sunflower silages. Digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were higher in soybean silages than others. While the highest EE digestibility was found in 30% soybean + 70% sunflower silage, the highest ADF content was found in 15% soybean + 85% sunflower silage and the lowest NDF content was found in sunflower silages. Consequently, sunflower and soybean silages and different mixture ratios did not lead to negative results and quality silages were obtained. According to fly evaluation, the best quality silages were obtained from a mixture of 30% soybean + 70% sunflower. Regarding digestibility, 100% soybean silage and 15% soybean silage + 85% sunflower silage had higher digestibility values than the others. It was concluded that these two silages can be recommended due to their higher digestibility.

Kaynakça

  • A.O.A.C., 1990. Association of official analytical chemistry. Official Methods of Analysis,15th,Vol:1, Washington,D.C.
  • Alcicek, A. and Ozkan K., 1997. Determination of Silage Quality with Physical and Chemical Methods in Silages. Bursa Uladag University, Bursa, Turkey, pp: 241-246.
  • Bulgurlu, Ş.and Ergül, M., 1978. Analyses methods of physical, chemical and biological of feeds. Ege University, Issue Number: 127,176p
  • Blaunt, ARS., Wright, DL., Sprenkel, RK., Hewitt, TD. and Myer, RO., 2006. Forage soybeans for grazing, hay and silage. University of Florida IFAS Extension, SS-AGR-180. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AG/AG18400.pdf.
  • Brown, C., 1999. Soybeans as a forage crop. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/soybean_forage.htm.
  • Carneiro, AM., Rodriguez, NM., Sanches, R.L and Socorro, EP., 1982. Consumption and “apparent” digestibility of mixing ensilages of maize and annual soyabean. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.nia, Belo Horizonte, n. 34, v. 2; p. 397-408. ISSN 0102-0935. doi: 10.1590/S0102
  • Cerci, İH., Sahin, K., Talat, G. and Tatlı, P., 1997. ‘Determination of the Quality of Silages Made at Different Ratios Using Maize and Alfalfa’. Farklı Oranlarda Silajlık Mısır ve Yonca Kullanılarak Yapılan Silajların Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Turkey 1. Silage Congress, Hasat publishing, 105-113, Bursa.
  • Demirel, M., Celik, S., Temur, C., Guney, M. and Celik, S., 2009. Determination of fermentation properties and digestibility characteristics of combination of corn-soybean and corn silages. J.Anim. Vet. Adv., 8 (4): 711-714
  • Denek, N., Can, A. and Tufenk, Ş., 2004. The effects of different additives on silage quality and digestibility of corn, sorghum and sunflower plants. Harran University Agriculture Faculty Journal, 8 (2): 1-10
  • Evangelista, AR., 1986. Ensiling sorghum and corn with soybean. Lavras: ESAL, 1986b. 19 p. ESAL. Boletim Técnico, 8.
  • Etgen, WM., James, RE. and Reaves, PM., 1987. Dairy Cattle Feeding and Management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Hart, SP. and Horn FP., 1987. Ensiling characteristics and digestibility of combinations of turnips and wheat straw. J. Anim. Sci., 64:1790-1800. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/64/6/1790.pdf
  • Kilic, A., 1986. Silage . Bilgehan Printing House. İzmir, Turkey 350 p.
  • Kiliç A., Yalçin S. and Yilmaz, A., 2000. Improvements, can be make, in the ruminant roughouge resources,. TUYEM 5. International Feed Convention and Feed Exhibition 1-2 May 2000. Antalya, Turkey
  • Lima, R., Lourenco M., Díaz RF., Castro A. and Fievez V., 2010. Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 155; 122–131
  • Martin, LCT., Garcia, R. and Silva, JFC., 1983. Effect of corn-soyabean mixtures on silage quality. Brazilian J. of Anim. Sci., 12(3) : 562-575.
  • McGuffey, RK. and Schingoethe J., 1980. Feeding Value of a High Oil Variety of Sunflowers as Silage to Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 63:1109-1113.
  • Muck, RE. and Dickerson, JT., 1988. Storage temperature effects on proteolysis in alfalfa silage. Transactions of the American Soc. of Agr. Engin., 31:1005–1009.
  • Murphy, WM., Welch, JG., Palmer, RH., Gilman, BH., Albers, CW. and Dugdale, T., 1984. Digestibilities of silages made from corn ınterplanted with soybean or fababean. J. Dairy Sci., 67:1532-1534. http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/67/7/1532
  • Mustafa, AF. and Seguin, P., 2003. Effects of maturity on ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 57:347-358..
  • S.A.S., 2007. SAS® User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Serbester, Y., Akkaya, MR., Yücel, C. and Gorgulu, M., 2015. Comparison of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercropped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. vol.14:3636
  • Undersander, D., 1999. Soybeans for Hay or Silage. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/pubs/SOYBNFOR.html
  • Van Soest, PJ., Robertson, JB. and Lewis, BA., 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583–3597. http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/74/10/3583.
  • Zago, CP., Obeid, JA. and Gomide, JA., 1985. Performance of steers fed with joined ensilages of maize (Zea mays L.) with annual soyabean (Glycine max L.). Brazilian J. of Anim. Sci., Viçosa, v. 14, n. 4, p. 510-514.

Soya, Ayçiçeği ve Bunların Karışım Silajlarının Fermantasyon ve Sindirilebilirlik Özellikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 191 - 198, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1017749

Öz

Bu çalışma soya, ayçiçeği ve %15 soya + %85 ayçiçeği, %30 soya + %70 ayçiçeği, %45 soya + 55% ayçiçeği karışımı silajlarının fermentasyon ve sindirim özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla her bir karışım için 120 litrelik plastik varillerde 5’er adet olmak üzere toplam 25 adet silaj hazırlanmıştır. 90 günlük inkübasyon sonunda açılan silajların ham besin madde içerikleri ve fermentasyon özellikleri incelenmiştir. Silajların sindirim özelliklerini belirlemek için 5 adet 2 yaşlı, ortalama 30-35 kg ağırlığında Akkaraman erkek toklu kullanılmıştır. Bu hayvanların bakım, besleme, yem tüketimi, gübre toplama, örnekleme ve analiz işlemleri klasik sindirim metodu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karışımlardaki soya miktarı artışına bağlı olarak kuru madde (KM), organik madde (OM) ve ham protein (HP) değerleri artmasına rağmen, ham yağ (HY), ADF ve NDF değerleri düşmüştür. En düşük pH, asetik asit, propiyonik asit ve en yüksek flieg puanı %30 soya + %70 ayçiçeği silajlarında elde edilmiştir. En düşük bütirik asit değeri ise %15 soya + %85 ayçiçeği karışımında tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek bütirik asit, laktik asit, HY, NDF ve en düşük KM, HP değerleri ayçiçeği silajlarında belirlenmiştir. Soya silajının KM, OM ve HP sindirilebilirlikleri diğer silajlardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. %30 soya + %70 ayçiçeği karışım silajında HY sindirimi en yüksek olurken, en yüksek ADF sindirimi %15 soya + %85 ayçiçeği karışımında ve en düşük NDF sindirimi ayçiçeği silajında gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak ayçiçeği ve soya silajı ve farklı karışım oranları olumsuz sonuçlara yol açmamış ve kaliteli silajlar elde edilmiştir. Flieg skorlamasına göre en kaliteli silajlar %30 soya + %70 ayçiçeği karışımından elde edilmiştir. Sindirilebilirlik açısından %100 soya silajı ve %15 soya + %85 ayçiçeği silajının diğerlerine göre daha yüksek sindirilebilirlik değerlerine sahip olduğu, bu nedenle bu iki silajın tavsiye edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • A.O.A.C., 1990. Association of official analytical chemistry. Official Methods of Analysis,15th,Vol:1, Washington,D.C.
  • Alcicek, A. and Ozkan K., 1997. Determination of Silage Quality with Physical and Chemical Methods in Silages. Bursa Uladag University, Bursa, Turkey, pp: 241-246.
  • Bulgurlu, Ş.and Ergül, M., 1978. Analyses methods of physical, chemical and biological of feeds. Ege University, Issue Number: 127,176p
  • Blaunt, ARS., Wright, DL., Sprenkel, RK., Hewitt, TD. and Myer, RO., 2006. Forage soybeans for grazing, hay and silage. University of Florida IFAS Extension, SS-AGR-180. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AG/AG18400.pdf.
  • Brown, C., 1999. Soybeans as a forage crop. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/soybean_forage.htm.
  • Carneiro, AM., Rodriguez, NM., Sanches, R.L and Socorro, EP., 1982. Consumption and “apparent” digestibility of mixing ensilages of maize and annual soyabean. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.nia, Belo Horizonte, n. 34, v. 2; p. 397-408. ISSN 0102-0935. doi: 10.1590/S0102
  • Cerci, İH., Sahin, K., Talat, G. and Tatlı, P., 1997. ‘Determination of the Quality of Silages Made at Different Ratios Using Maize and Alfalfa’. Farklı Oranlarda Silajlık Mısır ve Yonca Kullanılarak Yapılan Silajların Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Turkey 1. Silage Congress, Hasat publishing, 105-113, Bursa.
  • Demirel, M., Celik, S., Temur, C., Guney, M. and Celik, S., 2009. Determination of fermentation properties and digestibility characteristics of combination of corn-soybean and corn silages. J.Anim. Vet. Adv., 8 (4): 711-714
  • Denek, N., Can, A. and Tufenk, Ş., 2004. The effects of different additives on silage quality and digestibility of corn, sorghum and sunflower plants. Harran University Agriculture Faculty Journal, 8 (2): 1-10
  • Evangelista, AR., 1986. Ensiling sorghum and corn with soybean. Lavras: ESAL, 1986b. 19 p. ESAL. Boletim Técnico, 8.
  • Etgen, WM., James, RE. and Reaves, PM., 1987. Dairy Cattle Feeding and Management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Hart, SP. and Horn FP., 1987. Ensiling characteristics and digestibility of combinations of turnips and wheat straw. J. Anim. Sci., 64:1790-1800. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/64/6/1790.pdf
  • Kilic, A., 1986. Silage . Bilgehan Printing House. İzmir, Turkey 350 p.
  • Kiliç A., Yalçin S. and Yilmaz, A., 2000. Improvements, can be make, in the ruminant roughouge resources,. TUYEM 5. International Feed Convention and Feed Exhibition 1-2 May 2000. Antalya, Turkey
  • Lima, R., Lourenco M., Díaz RF., Castro A. and Fievez V., 2010. Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 155; 122–131
  • Martin, LCT., Garcia, R. and Silva, JFC., 1983. Effect of corn-soyabean mixtures on silage quality. Brazilian J. of Anim. Sci., 12(3) : 562-575.
  • McGuffey, RK. and Schingoethe J., 1980. Feeding Value of a High Oil Variety of Sunflowers as Silage to Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 63:1109-1113.
  • Muck, RE. and Dickerson, JT., 1988. Storage temperature effects on proteolysis in alfalfa silage. Transactions of the American Soc. of Agr. Engin., 31:1005–1009.
  • Murphy, WM., Welch, JG., Palmer, RH., Gilman, BH., Albers, CW. and Dugdale, T., 1984. Digestibilities of silages made from corn ınterplanted with soybean or fababean. J. Dairy Sci., 67:1532-1534. http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/67/7/1532
  • Mustafa, AF. and Seguin, P., 2003. Effects of maturity on ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 57:347-358..
  • S.A.S., 2007. SAS® User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Serbester, Y., Akkaya, MR., Yücel, C. and Gorgulu, M., 2015. Comparison of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercropped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. vol.14:3636
  • Undersander, D., 1999. Soybeans for Hay or Silage. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/pubs/SOYBNFOR.html
  • Van Soest, PJ., Robertson, JB. and Lewis, BA., 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583–3597. http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/74/10/3583.
  • Zago, CP., Obeid, JA. and Gomide, JA., 1985. Performance of steers fed with joined ensilages of maize (Zea mays L.) with annual soyabean (Glycine max L.). Brazilian J. of Anim. Sci., Viçosa, v. 14, n. 4, p. 510-514.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Cüneyt Temür

Mehtap Güney 0000-0002-0613-3600

Sibel Erdoğan 0000-0003-2640-3871

Murat Demirel 0000-0002-2992-8393

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Temür, C., Güney, M., Erdoğan, S., Demirel, M. (2021). Fermentation and Digestibility Characteristics of Soybean, Sunflower and Their Mixture Silages. Hayvan Bilimi Ve Ürünleri Dergisi, 4(2), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1017749


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