Araştırma Makalesi
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Havayolu Operasyonlarında Pilotların Liderlik Tarzları ve Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi (EKY) Uygulamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 24 - 44, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52995/jass.1034004

Öz

Bu çalışma, pilotların liderlik tarzları ve ekip kaynak yönetimi uygulamaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, İstanbul’daki havalimanlarında çalışan 104 pilottan anket veri toplama yöntemiyle toplanmış; 3 tanesi geçersiz sayılmış olup 101 adet anket formu SPSS’21 paket programında test edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin güvenirlilik ve geçerliliğini test etmek için faktör analizi yapılmış ve uygulanan Normallik Analizi sonucunda dağılımın normal olmadığı varsayımına dayanarak spearmen korelasyon analizi uygulanmış olup; etki hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; pilotların liderlik tarzları ile ekip kaynak yönetimi uygulamaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda, pilotların otokratik liderlik tarzının kokpit yönetimine ilişkin tutumlar üzerinde; demokratik liderlik tarzının stres, yorgunluk ve acil durumlarda bireysel performansa ilişkin tutumlar üzerinde; liberal (serbesiyetçi) liderlik tarzının iletişim, koordinasyon ve ekip çalışmasına ilişkin tutumlar üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde bir etkisinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın ekip kaynak yönetimi uygulamalarında ‘’pilotların liderlik yaklaşımlarının’’ anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunacağı ve böylelikle uçuş emniyetine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ayiei, A., Pollock, L., Khan, F. N., Murray, J., Baxter, G., & Wild, G. (2020). The Role of Leadership In Avıatıon Safety And Aırcraft Aırworthıness. Fatıgue of Aırcraft Structures, 12, ss.1-14.
  • Aktaş, H., & Tekarslan, E. (2013). Uçuş Ekibi Kaynak Yönetimi: Pilotların Uçuş Ekibi Kaynak Yönetimi Tutumları ile Kişilik Yapıları Arasındaki İlişki. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), ss.276-301.
  • Antonakis, J., Cıancıolo, A. T., & Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Leadership: Past, Present, Future. In The Nature of Leadership. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership. 3rd edition. New York: The Free Press.
  • Başdemir, M. M. (2020). Uçuş operasyonlarında insan faktörünün rolü ve pilot performansını arttıracak öneriler. Journal of Aviation, 4(2), ss.55-70.
  • Birol Z.N., Yazıcı H. (2011). Fen ve Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi Öğrencilerinde Mükemmeliyetçilik, Benlik Saygısı ve Liderlik Özellikleri. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 3 (12), ss.113-122.
  • Clark, D. R. Leadership Matrix Survey. From http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/matrix.html (20.11.2009).
  • Flin, R., O'connor, P., & Mearns, K. (2002). Crew resource management: improving team work in high reliability industries. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 8(3/4), ss.68-78.
  • Flin, R., & Maran, N. (2015). Basic concepts for crew resource management and non-technical skills. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 29, ss.27-39.
  • Fornette, M.P., Bardel, M.H., Lefrançoıs, C., Fradın, J., Massıouı, F. E., & Amalbertı, R. (2012). Cognitive-Adaptation Training for Improving Performance and Stress Management of Air Force Pilots. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 22(3), ss.203-223.
  • Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. Journal of Human Relations, 47(8), ss.953-975.
  • Ginnett, R. C. (1993). Crews as groups: Their formation and their leadership. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich, Cockpit Resource Management (pp. ss.71-98). Orlando: FL: Academic Press.
  • Güney, S. (2015). Liderlik. İstanbul: Nobel yayıncılık.
  • Gregorıch, S. E., Helmreich, R. L., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1990). The Structure of Cockpit Management Attitudes. Journal of Apllied Psychology, 75(6), ss.682-690.
  • Helmreich, R., Merritt, A., Sherman, P., Gregorıch, S., & Wıener, E. (1993). The Flight Management Attitude Questionnaire. Texas, USA: NASA/UT/FAA Technical Report 93-4.
  • Helmreich, R., Wilhelm, J., & Gregorich, S. (1988). Revised Versions of the Cockpit Management Attitudes Questionnaire (CMAQ) and CRM Seminar Evaluation Form. Texas, USA: NASA/UT Technical Report.
  • Hoogh, A. H., Greer, L. L., & Hartog, D. N. (2015). Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, ss.687–701.
  • Jony, M. T., Alam, M. J., Amin, M. R., & Alam, M. J. (2019). The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on the Success of the Organization: A Study on the Different Popular Restaurants of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Canadian Journal of Business and Information Studies, 1(6), ss.28-38.
  • Karaman. H. (2018). Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizinde Kullanılan Faktör Çıkartma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Laukkala, T., Bor, R., Budowle, B., Navathe, P., Sajantıla, A., Sainio, M., & Vuorio, A. (2018). Pilot Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Fatal Aviation Accidents. Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 8(2), ss.93-99.
  • Loewenthal, K. M., Eysenck, M., Harrıs, D., Lubıtsh, G., Gorton, T., & Bıcknell, H. (2000). Stress, distress and air traffic incidents: Job dysfunction and distress in airline pilots in relation to contextually assessed stress. Journal of Stress Medicine, 16, ss.179-183.
  • Luczak, A., & Zużewıcz, K. (2006). Driver's tiredness and work safety. Indıa: Press Information Bureau.
  • Maccoby, M. (1979). Leadership needs of the 1980's. Journal of Higher Education, 2, ss.17-23.
  • Maciejewska, M., & Galant-Golebıewska, M. (2020). Assignation of Tiredness Indicator Based on the Pilot's Concentration and Speed Reaction Analysis During the Flight. Journal of Konbin, 50(3), ss.359-380.
  • Marshall, D. (2010). Crew Resource Management: From Patient Safety to High Reliability. Denver: CO: Safer Healthcare Partners.
  • Merritt, A. (1996). Ph.D. Dissertation. National Culture and Work Attitudes In Commercial Aviation: A Cross- Cultural Investigation. Texas, Unıted States: The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Nanjundeswaraswamy, T., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership Styles. Advances ın Management, 7 (1), ss. 57-62.
  • NTSB. (1978). Aircraft accident report: United Airlines, Inc. McDonnell-Douglas DC-8-81, N8082U Portland, Oregon. Washington: DC: United States Government.
  • Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T., & Sajuyigbe, A. (2012). Impact of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Nigerian Banks. American Journal of Business and Management, 1(4), ss.202-207.
  • Prince, C., Salas E., Brannick M., Prince A. (2010). The ifluence of experience and organizational goals on leadership in the military cockpit. The International Journal of Aviation psychology, 20(4), ss.375-389.
  • Sharma, J. K., & Sıngh, S. K. (2013). Characteristics of Laıssez-Faire Leadership Style: A Case Study. International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 4(3), ss.29-31.
  • Tarsik, N. F., Kassim, N. A., & Nasharudin, N. (2014). Transformational, Transactional or Laissez-Faire: What Styles do University Librarians Practice. Journal of Organizational Management Studies, 2014(2014), ss.1-10.
  • Yun, S., Faraj, S., & Sims, H. P. (2007). Contingent leadership and effectiveness of trauma resuscitation teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), ss.1288–1296.
  • Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, S. (2019). Authoritarian leadership and task performance: the effects of leader-member exchange and dependence on leader. Journal of Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13 (19), ss.1-15.

Examining of the Relationship Between Pilot's Leadership Styles and Crew Resource Management Practices (CRM) in Airline Operations

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 24 - 44, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.52995/jass.1034004

Öz

This study was carried out for the purpose to research the relationship between pilot’s leadership styles and crew resource management practices. The data obtained were collected from 104 pilots working at the airports in Istanbul by survey data collection method; 3 of them were deemed invalid and 101 questionnaires were tested in the SPSS'21 package program. Factor analysis was executed to test the validity and reliability of the scales and as a result of the normality analysis applied, spearmen correlation analysis was applied based on the assumption that the distribution was not normal; linear regression analysis was applied to test the effect hypothesis. As consequence of the regression analysis, ıt has been revealed that has a meaningful and positive effect on attitudes towards the cockpit management of the pilot's autocratic leadership style; on attitudes towards individual performance in stress, fatigue and emergency situations of democratic leadership style; on attitudes towards communication, coordination and teamwork of libertarian leadership style. It is thought that the study will contribute to the understanding of the "leadership approaches of pilots" in crew resource management practices and thus contribute to flight safety.

Kaynakça

  • Ayiei, A., Pollock, L., Khan, F. N., Murray, J., Baxter, G., & Wild, G. (2020). The Role of Leadership In Avıatıon Safety And Aırcraft Aırworthıness. Fatıgue of Aırcraft Structures, 12, ss.1-14.
  • Aktaş, H., & Tekarslan, E. (2013). Uçuş Ekibi Kaynak Yönetimi: Pilotların Uçuş Ekibi Kaynak Yönetimi Tutumları ile Kişilik Yapıları Arasındaki İlişki. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), ss.276-301.
  • Antonakis, J., Cıancıolo, A. T., & Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Leadership: Past, Present, Future. In The Nature of Leadership. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership. 3rd edition. New York: The Free Press.
  • Başdemir, M. M. (2020). Uçuş operasyonlarında insan faktörünün rolü ve pilot performansını arttıracak öneriler. Journal of Aviation, 4(2), ss.55-70.
  • Birol Z.N., Yazıcı H. (2011). Fen ve Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi Öğrencilerinde Mükemmeliyetçilik, Benlik Saygısı ve Liderlik Özellikleri. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 3 (12), ss.113-122.
  • Clark, D. R. Leadership Matrix Survey. From http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/matrix.html (20.11.2009).
  • Flin, R., O'connor, P., & Mearns, K. (2002). Crew resource management: improving team work in high reliability industries. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 8(3/4), ss.68-78.
  • Flin, R., & Maran, N. (2015). Basic concepts for crew resource management and non-technical skills. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 29, ss.27-39.
  • Fornette, M.P., Bardel, M.H., Lefrançoıs, C., Fradın, J., Massıouı, F. E., & Amalbertı, R. (2012). Cognitive-Adaptation Training for Improving Performance and Stress Management of Air Force Pilots. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 22(3), ss.203-223.
  • Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. Journal of Human Relations, 47(8), ss.953-975.
  • Ginnett, R. C. (1993). Crews as groups: Their formation and their leadership. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich, Cockpit Resource Management (pp. ss.71-98). Orlando: FL: Academic Press.
  • Güney, S. (2015). Liderlik. İstanbul: Nobel yayıncılık.
  • Gregorıch, S. E., Helmreich, R. L., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1990). The Structure of Cockpit Management Attitudes. Journal of Apllied Psychology, 75(6), ss.682-690.
  • Helmreich, R., Merritt, A., Sherman, P., Gregorıch, S., & Wıener, E. (1993). The Flight Management Attitude Questionnaire. Texas, USA: NASA/UT/FAA Technical Report 93-4.
  • Helmreich, R., Wilhelm, J., & Gregorich, S. (1988). Revised Versions of the Cockpit Management Attitudes Questionnaire (CMAQ) and CRM Seminar Evaluation Form. Texas, USA: NASA/UT Technical Report.
  • Hoogh, A. H., Greer, L. L., & Hartog, D. N. (2015). Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, ss.687–701.
  • Jony, M. T., Alam, M. J., Amin, M. R., & Alam, M. J. (2019). The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on the Success of the Organization: A Study on the Different Popular Restaurants of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Canadian Journal of Business and Information Studies, 1(6), ss.28-38.
  • Karaman. H. (2018). Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizinde Kullanılan Faktör Çıkartma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Laukkala, T., Bor, R., Budowle, B., Navathe, P., Sajantıla, A., Sainio, M., & Vuorio, A. (2018). Pilot Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Fatal Aviation Accidents. Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 8(2), ss.93-99.
  • Loewenthal, K. M., Eysenck, M., Harrıs, D., Lubıtsh, G., Gorton, T., & Bıcknell, H. (2000). Stress, distress and air traffic incidents: Job dysfunction and distress in airline pilots in relation to contextually assessed stress. Journal of Stress Medicine, 16, ss.179-183.
  • Luczak, A., & Zużewıcz, K. (2006). Driver's tiredness and work safety. Indıa: Press Information Bureau.
  • Maccoby, M. (1979). Leadership needs of the 1980's. Journal of Higher Education, 2, ss.17-23.
  • Maciejewska, M., & Galant-Golebıewska, M. (2020). Assignation of Tiredness Indicator Based on the Pilot's Concentration and Speed Reaction Analysis During the Flight. Journal of Konbin, 50(3), ss.359-380.
  • Marshall, D. (2010). Crew Resource Management: From Patient Safety to High Reliability. Denver: CO: Safer Healthcare Partners.
  • Merritt, A. (1996). Ph.D. Dissertation. National Culture and Work Attitudes In Commercial Aviation: A Cross- Cultural Investigation. Texas, Unıted States: The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Nanjundeswaraswamy, T., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership Styles. Advances ın Management, 7 (1), ss. 57-62.
  • NTSB. (1978). Aircraft accident report: United Airlines, Inc. McDonnell-Douglas DC-8-81, N8082U Portland, Oregon. Washington: DC: United States Government.
  • Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T., & Sajuyigbe, A. (2012). Impact of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Nigerian Banks. American Journal of Business and Management, 1(4), ss.202-207.
  • Prince, C., Salas E., Brannick M., Prince A. (2010). The ifluence of experience and organizational goals on leadership in the military cockpit. The International Journal of Aviation psychology, 20(4), ss.375-389.
  • Sharma, J. K., & Sıngh, S. K. (2013). Characteristics of Laıssez-Faire Leadership Style: A Case Study. International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 4(3), ss.29-31.
  • Tarsik, N. F., Kassim, N. A., & Nasharudin, N. (2014). Transformational, Transactional or Laissez-Faire: What Styles do University Librarians Practice. Journal of Organizational Management Studies, 2014(2014), ss.1-10.
  • Yun, S., Faraj, S., & Sims, H. P. (2007). Contingent leadership and effectiveness of trauma resuscitation teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), ss.1288–1296.
  • Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, S. (2019). Authoritarian leadership and task performance: the effects of leader-member exchange and dependence on leader. Journal of Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13 (19), ss.1-15.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ezgi Berte Kutlu 0000-0001-5811-2118

Melih Başdemir 0000-0001-8380-2700

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 26 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kutlu, E. B., & Başdemir, M. (2022). Examining of the Relationship Between Pilot’s Leadership Styles and Crew Resource Management Practices (CRM) in Airline Operations. Havacılık Ve Uzay Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.52995/jass.1034004