Medikal Turizmin Kadın Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 45 - 52, 15.07.2020

Reyhan Aydın Esra Yılmaz

Öz

Sağlık turizmi kişinin fiziki iyilik halini geliştirmek için kendi bölgesinden farklı bölgeye yapmış olduğu ziyarettir. Medikal turizm ise sağlık turizminin alt kolu olup medikal tedavi amacıyla yapılan seyahat ve aynı zamanda ziyaret edilen ülkenin turistik faaliyetlerinden faydalanılan turizm şeklidir. Kadın sağlığında medikal turizm adı altında; kozmetik cerrahi, üreme, doğum, tüp bebek, jinekolojik tedaviler, kürtaj, abortus ve yenidoğan bakımı seyahatleri yer almaktadır. Dünyada ve ülkemizde pek çok kadının bu nedenlerle seyahat ettiği görülmüş ve medikal turizmin kadın sağlığı açısından önemli bir yeri olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, medikal turizmin kadın sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini literatür doğrultusunda incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medikal Turizm, Doğum Turizmi, Kürtaj Turizmi

The Impact of Medical Tourism on Women's Health

Öz

Health tourism is a visit made to different regions in order to improve the physical well-being of the person. Medical tourism, on the other hand, is the sub-branch of health tourism and it is a form of travel that is used for medical treatment and also the tourism activities of the country visited. Under the name of medical tourism in women's health; cosmetic surgery, reproduction, birth, IVF, gynecological treatments, abortion, abortion and newborn care travels are included. It has been observed that many women travel around the world and in Turkey for these reasons and medical tourism has an important place in terms of women's health. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of medical tourism on women's health in line with the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medical Tourism, Birth Tourism, Abortion Tourism

Kaynakça

• Acar, N., & Turan, A. (2016). Sağlık Çalışanlarının Sağlık Turizmi Farkındalığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çalışanları Örneği. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 17-36.
• Adalı, T., & Çavlin, A. (2019). Türkiye'de Kürtajın Yaygınlığı ve Kürtaj Kararını Etkileyen Faktörler. Sosyoloji Dergisi/Journal of Sociology, 39(2).
• Asher, C. M., Fleet, M., Jivraj, B., & Bystrzonowski, N. (2019). Cosmetic Tourism: a Costly Filler Within the National Health Service Budget or a Missed Financial Opportunity? A Local Cost Analysis and Examination of the Literature. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 1-9.
• Bakanlığı, S. (2010). Turizm ve Sağlık. Retrieved from http://saglik.gov.tr/SaglikTurizmi/belge/1-10592/turizm-ve-saglik.html
• Bakanlığı, S. (2014a). Geriatri ve Engelli Turizmi. Retrieved from http://saglikturizmi.gov.tr/geriatrics.php
• Bakanlığı, S. (2014b). Termal Turizm. Retrieved from http://saglikturizmi.gov.tr/thermal-tourism-in-turkey.php
• Basile, K., Diaconu, A., Goodwyn, C., Kincade, S., & McCracken, K. (2019). “Going somewhere makes sense, but somehow it seems more shameful:” Italian women’s attitudes and perceptions of reproductive tourism.
• Bergmann, S. (2011). Fertility Tourism: Circumventive Routes That Enable Access to Reproductive Technologies and Substances. Signs, 36(2), 280-289. doi:Doi 10.1086/655978
• Buzcu, Z., & Birdir, K. (2019). Türkiye'de Medikal Turizm İncelemesi: Özel Hastanelerde Bir Çalışma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1).
• Campbell, C. A., Restrepo, C., Navas, G., Vergara, I., & Peluffo, L. (2019). Plastic Surgery Medical Tourism in Colombia: A Review of 658 International Patients and 1,796 Cosmetic Surgery Procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 7(5), e2233. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000002233
• Cheng, K. M. (2016). Medical tourism: Chinese maternity tourism to Hong Kong. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(14), 1479-1486. doi:10.1080/13683500.2015.1042359
• Crooks, V. A., Turner, L., Snyder, J., Johnston, R., & Kingsbury, P. (2011). Promoting medical tourism to India: messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel. Soc Sci Med, 72(5), 726-732. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.022
• Dalen, J. E., & Alpert, J. S. (2019). Medical Tourists: Incoming and Outgoing. Am J Med, 132(1), 9-10. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.06.022
• Daştan, İ. (2014). Türkiye'de Sağlık Turizmi: Türkiye Ve Özelinde İzmir'de Sağlık Turizminin Mevcut Durum Analizi Ve Strateji Önerileri-Health Tourism In Turkey: Swot Analysis Of Health Tourism In Turkey And Izmir, And Strategy Recommendations. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(10), 143-163.
• Gabor, M. R., & Oltean, F. D. (2019). Babymoon tourism between emotional well-being service for medical tourism and niche tourism. Development and awareness on Romanian educated women. Tourism Management, 70, 170-175. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.006
• Gilmartin, M., & White, A. (2011). Interrogating medical tourism: Ireland, abortion, and mobility rights. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 36(2), 275-280.
• Griffiths, D., & Mullock, A. (2018). Cosmetic Surgery: Regulatory Challenges in a Global Beauty Market. Health Care Anal, 26(3), 220-234. doi:10.1007/s10728-017-0339-5
• Gülmez, Z., & Köse, K. A. (2012). Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da Sağlik Turizmi ve Çeşitleri: Sağlik Turizminin Ülkemizdeki Mevcut Durumu ve Bazi Ülkelerle Kiyaslanmasi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Hastane ve Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Yönetim Bilim Dalı, Retrieved from http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/49224.pdf
• Günal, V. (2016). Türkiye Nüfusunun (1935-2000) Doğum Yerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi Electronic Turkish Studies, 11(2).
• Hayes-Klein. (2012). Human Rights in Childbirth. Retrieved from https://midwiferytoday.com/speakers/hermine-hayes-klein/
• Hirvonen, E. (2017). Polish Abortion Tourism. (Master’s Thesis). Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Degree Programme in Global Development and Management in Health Care, Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/138222/thesis_Ewa_Hirvonen.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Hrešanová, E., & Marhánková, J. H. (2008). Nové trendy v českém porodnictví a sociální nerovnosti mezi rodičkami/New Trends in the Czech Birthing System and Emerging Social Inequalities among Birthing Women. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 87-111.
• Inhorn, M. C., & Patrizio, P. (2009). Rethinking reproductive “tourism” as reproductive “exile”. Fertility and sterility, 92(3), 904-906. Retrieved from https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(09)00046-6/pdf
• ISAPS. (2018). ISAPS international survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.isaps.org/ medical-professionals/isaps-global-statistics/.
• Ji, Y., & Bates, B. R. (2018). “Better than bank robbery”: Yuezi centers and neoliberal appeals to market birth tourism to pregnant Chinese women. Health communication, 33(4), 443-452. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10410236.2016.1278494?needAccess=true
• Kim, V., & Shyong, F. (2015). Maternity tourism” raids target California operations catering to Chinese. Los Angeles Times, 3.
• Lu, R. (2014). Look who’s walking: Chinese birth tourism goes stateside. Foreign Policy, 25.
• Mikhael, M., Cleary, J. P., Dhar, V., Chen, Y., Nguyen, D. V., & Chang, A. C. (2016). Birth Tourism and Neonatal Intensive Care: A Children's Hospital Experience. Am J Perinatol, 33(14), 1415-1419. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584139
• Nasser, J. S., & Chung, K. C. (2018). Discussion: Plastic Surgery Complications from Medical Tourism Treated in a US Academic Medical Center. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 141(4), 524e-525e. doi:10.1097/Prs.0000000000004215
• Oh, K. M., Jun, J. M., Zhou, Q. P., & Kreps, G. (2014). Korean American Women's Perceptions about Physical Examinations and Cancer Screening Services Offered in Korea: The Influences of Medical Tourism on Korean Americans. Journal of community health, 39(2), 221-229. doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9800-z
• Parizkova, A., & Clausen, J. A. (2019). Women on the move: A search for preferred birth services. Women Birth, 32(4), e483-e491. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.10.003
• Ross, K. M., Moscoso, A. V., Bayer, L. R., Rosselli-Risal, L., & Orgill, D. P. (2018). Plastic Surgery Complications from Medical Tourism Treated in a US Academic Medical Center. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 141(4), 517e-523e. doi:10.1097/Prs.0000000000004214
• Sayın, K. Ş., Yeğinboy, E. Y., & Yüksel, İ. (2017). Türkiye’de Medikal Turizm Uygulamaları: Bir Üniversite ve İzmir Sağlık Serbest Bölgesi Değerlendirmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 289-313.
• Sethna, C., & Doull, M. (2012). Accidental Tourists: Canadian Women, Abortion Tourism, and Travel. Womens Studies-an Interdisciplinary Journal, 41(4), 457-475. doi:10.1080/00497878.2012.663260
• Speier, A. (2020). North American surrogate reproductive mobilities incited by cross-border reproductive care. Mobilities, 15(2), 135-145. doi:10.1080/17450101.2020.1723874
• Temizkan, P., Çiçek, D., & Özdemir, C. (2015). Bibliometric profile of articles published on health tourism Sağlık turizmi konusunda yayınlanan makalelerin bibliyometrik profili. Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 394-415.
• Wang, S. H. (2017). Fetal citizens? Birthright citizenship, reproductive futurism, and the “panic” over Chinese birth tourism in southern California. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 35(2), 263-280.
• Yang, I. C. M. (2020). A journey of hope: an institutional perspective of Japanese outbound reproductive tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(1), 52-67. doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1577806
• Yılmaz, G., Kurtaran, A. T., & Yücesan, B. (2019). Sağlık Turizmi Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi: Trabzon İli. International Journal of Economic & Administrative Studies(22).
• Zengingönül, O., Emeç, H., İyilikçi, D. E., & Bingöl, P. (2012). Sağlık Turizmi: İstanbul’a Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme. İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı Destek Programı.