Fatigue in The Aviation: An Overview of The Measurements and Countermeasures

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 185 - 194, 23.12.2018

Zeynep Göker

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.451741

Cited By: 11

Öz

Fatigue is a crucial and cumulative factor
for aviation safety causing human errors via decrease in the abilities to conduct
tasks that require higher-order intellectual processing. Chronic form of fatigue
is more insidious and subjective. Factors causing fatigue are lack of sleep,
crew scheduling, a long duty period, Jet or shift lag, high workload, and lacking
of physical or mental fitness. There are subjective and objective measurements
to estimate fatigue levels. Subjective techniques are based on self-report of
the sleep and tiredeness whereas objective interventions are built on the basis
the physiological features of the subject (brain waves, eye gaze, facial
feature recognition) or their physical manifestations (muscle tone, wrist
inactivity, head orientation) and support to maintain alertness and performance
during long or uneventful duty period. Fatigue contermeasures are mainly based
on self-reported data and there is a need for “safety” factor for self-reports. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fatigue, subjective, objective, measuruments, countermeasures

Havacılıkta Yorgunluk: Ölçümler ve Karşı-Önlemlerin bir Gözden Geçirilmesi

Öz

Yorgunluk yüksek-işlevsel bilişsel
süreçlerin kullanılmasını gerektiren işlemlerin becerilmesinde azalmaya yol
açan, havacılık güvenliğinde anahtar rolü olan ve birikerek etki gösteren bir
insan faktörüdür.  Kronik formu subjektiftir
ve kendi çok farkettirmeden gelişebilir. Yorgunluğa yol açan unsurların
başlıcaları uykusuzluk, işlerin sıralanışı, uzun iş-süreai, jet-lag/şift-lag,
aşırı iş-yükü, fiziksel ve ruhsal uygunsuzluktur. Yorgunluk düzeyini
değerlendirmek için objektif ve subjektif ölçüm yöntemleri vardır. Subjektif
teknikler kişinin uykusunu ya da yorgunluğunu kendi-raporlaması esasına
dayanırken objektif yöntemler kişinin fiziksel özelliklerini (beyin dalgası,
göz ile bakış, yüze ait özellikler) ya da bunların dışa vurumlarını (kas
tonusu, bilek inaktivitesi, başın yönelimi) değerlendirerek, uzun ya da
öngörülemeyen zorluklar içeren bir iş-periyodunda uyanıklık ve performansın sağlanmasına
katkı sunar. Yorgunlukla mücadele için geliştirilen unsurlar temelde
kişisel-raporlardan elde edilen verilere dayanır ve burada temel esas
raporlardaki “güvenirlik” faktörüdür.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yorgunluk, subjektif, objektif, ölçümler, önlemler

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