An Analysis the Environmental Pollution Emitted by Aircraft Engines at the Ercan International Airport

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 66 - 72, 26.02.2024

Tapdig Imanov , Mehmet Necati Cizrelioğulları , Tuğrul Günay

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1335179

Öz

Airports are strategically important objects for each country, although the place of significant pollution, emitted by aircrafts, thus impacting air quality in nearby residential areas. The environmental challenges at Ercan airport are becoming more serious because of expansion of the airport, increasing scheduled flight and continued growth of passenger flow. Since 2019 passenger turnaround has reached 4 million, while the growth expected in the following years, by the opening of a new airport terminal. The present analysis estimates the level of emission from aircraft engines for chosen environmental parameters accounted for by utilization of three operation modes such as; taxi, landing and take-off cycles. In the period of aircraft parking, emitted pollutants are considered depending on operation hours of the APU. The data collection is based on last 6-month flight information with daily landing cycles. Application the ICAO Engine Exhaust Emission fixed data set methodology, allows for assessment of emission species such as CO₂, HC, NOx, CO, and SO₂ using estimation of fuel consumption level, burned out from different engine models adding applicable coefficients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aircraft Engine, Carbon Dioxide, Emission, Pollution

Kaynakça

• Bossioli, E., Tombrou, M., Helmis, C., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Schäfer, K., & Varotsos, K. V. (2013). Issues related to aircraft take-off plumes in a mesoscale photochemical model. Science of The Total Environment, 456-457, 69–81.
• Brink, L. F. J. (2020). Modeling the impact of fuel composition on aircraft engine NOx̳, CO and soot emissions (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
• Change, I. C. (2014). Mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 1454, 147. Available online: https://keneamazon.net/Documents/Publications/Virtual-Library/Impacto/157.pdf (accessed on 10.08. 2022).
• Cizrelioğullari. M. N and Imanov. T. (2023). Transforming to NextGen air transportation system: a case study for Turkey’s national aerospace development, Int. J. Sustainable Aviation, Vol. 9, No. 3.
• Edenhofer, O. (Ed.). (2015). Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press.
• Ekici, S., & Şöhret, Y. (2020). A study on the environmental and economic aspects of aircraft emissions at the Antalya International Airport. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(9), 10847–10859. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11306-w.
• Elbir, T. (2008). Estimation of engine emissions from commercial aircraft at a midsized Turkish airport. J. Environ. Eng., 134, 210-215. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:3(210).
• Enzler, H. B. (2017). Air travel for private purposes. An analysis of airport access, income and environmental concern in Switzerland. Journal of Transport Geography, 61(2017), 1-8.
• EPA. (2021). Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data. (accessed on 14.08.2022).
• European Environment Agency (2020). Transport and environment report 2020. Available online: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps (accessed on 08.08.2022).
• FAA. (2005). Aviation & Emissions: A Primer. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy. Available online: http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/envir_policy/media/aeprimer.pdf (accessed on 10.08.2022)
• Gössling & Humpe, A. (2020). The global scale, distribution and growth of aviation: Implications for climate change. Global Environmental Change, 65(2020), 1-12.
• IATA (2022). Global Outlook for Air Transport Times of Turbulence. Available online: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/ economic-reports/airline-industry-economic- performance-june-2022-report/ (accessed on 15.08.2022).
• Imanov, T.V., Cizrelioğulları. M.N. & Aki. A. (2022). Future of the aviation in Northern Cyprus. (Eds. Kilili, Cizrelioğulları, Günay). Contemporary Research Topics in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus II, 127-140.
• International Civil Aviation Organization (2020). Airport Air Quality Manual. Doc. 9889. ICAO, Second Edition. 2020. Available online: https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9889_cons_en.pdf (accessed on 13.08. 2022).
• Kim, B.Y., Fleming, G.G., Lee, J.J., Waitz, I.A., Clarke, J.-P., Balasubramanian, S.,Malwitz, A., Klima, K., Locke, M., Holsclaw, C.A., Maurice, L.Q., & Gupta, M.L., (2007). System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE), part 1: model description and inventory results. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 12(5), 325-346.
• Koo, J., Wang, Q., Henze, D. K., Waitz, I. A., & Barrett, S. R. H. (2013). Spatial sensitivities of human health risk to intercontinental and high-altitude pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 71, 140–147.
• Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Zaporozhcts, O., & Synylo, K. (2015). Measurement of aircraft engine emissions inside the airport area. DLR-Forschungsberichte, 2015(38), 28-33.
• Lee, D. S., Fahey, D. W., Skowron, A., Allen, M. R., Burkhardt, U., Chen, Q., Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018. Atmospheric Environment, 244(2020). 1-29.
• Lee, J.J., Waitz, I.A., Kim, B.Y., Fleming, G.G., Maurice, L., & Holsclaw, C.A., (2007). System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE), part 2: uncertainty assessment. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment 12(6), 381-395.
• Li, F., Cai, B., Ye, Z., Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Zhou, P. & Chen, J., (2019). Changing patterns and determinants of transportation carbon emissions in Chinese cities. Energy 174 (2019), 562–575,
• Masiol, M., & Harrison, R. M. (2014). Aircraft engine exhaust emissions and other airport-related contributions to ambient air pollution: A review. Atmospheric Environment, 95(2014), 409–455.
• Nikoleris, T., Gupta, G., & Kistler, M., (2011). Detailed estimation of fuel consumption and emissions during aircraft taxi operations at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(4), 302-308.
• Presto, A.A., Nguyen, N.T., Ranjan, M., Reeder, A.J., Lipsky, E.M., Hennigan, C.J., Miracolo, M.A., Riemer, D.D., & Robinson, A.L., (2011). Fine particle and organic vapor emissions from staged tests of an in-use aircraft engine. Atmospheric Environment, 45 (21), 3603-3612.
• Ratliff, G., Sequeira, C., Waitz, I., Ohsfeldt, M., Thrasher, T., Graham, M., & Thompson, T., (2009). Aircraft Impacts on Local and Regional Air Quality in the United States. PARTNER Report 15 Final Report (Report No. PARTNER- COE-2009-002). Available onine https://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/proj15/proj15finalreport.pdf (accessed on 19.08.2022).
• Scholz, D. (2015, September). An optional APU for passenger aircraft. In 5th Council of European Aerospace Societies Air and Space Conference: Challenges in European Aerospace, Delft.
• Simone, N.W., Stettler, M.E.J., & Barrett, S.R.H., (2013). Rapid estimation of global civil aviation emissions with uncertainty quantification. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25(2013), 33-41.
• Spotter Lead (2022). Daily Flights Chart — Nicosia Ercan (ECN). Available on: https://spotterlead.net/airports/LCEN/daily-flights-stats (accessed on 20.08.2022).
• Tokuslu, A. (2020). Estimation of aircraft emissions at Georgian international airport. Energy, 206 (2020), 118219.
• Tokuslu, A. (2021). Calculation of aircraft emissions during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 8(2), 186- 192.
• Veron, S., Mouchet, M., Govaerts, R., Haevermans, T., & Pellens, R. (2019). Vulnerability to climate change of islands worldwide and its impact on the tree of life. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-14.
• Yildiz. M., & Imanov. T. V. (2022). Climate change effects on temperature elevation and evaluation of engine performance. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management, 1(1), 15-35.
• Yilmaz, I. (2017). Emissions from passenger aircraft at Kayseri airport, Turkey. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58(2017), 176-182.
• Zaporozhets, O., & Synylo, K. (2017). Improvements on aircraft engine emission and emission inventory assessment inside the airport area. Energy, 140 (2017), 1350–1357.
• Zhang, W., Jiang, L., Cui, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, C., Yu, J., & Lin, B. (2019). Effects of urbanization on airport CO2 emissions: A geographically weighted approach using nighttime light data in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 150(2019), 1-12.