Reflection of Crew Resource Management (CRM) Trainings to Real-Life Field Practice in Air Passenger Transportation: A Qualitative Research

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 357 - 367

Özlem Munise Kaynak

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1527000

Öz

In the air transportation sector, flight safety stands as one of the foremost values. To ensure safety, airlines rely on Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. These training programs aim to foster coordination, communication, and awareness among all personnel involved in flight operations, encouraging rational responses to potential issues as a unified team. Naturally, as is the case with any training process, the practical applicability of CRM training alongside its theoretical structure is of paramount importance. Hence, this study, conducted within the framework of qualitative research, delves into the perspectives of cabin crew members regarding CRM training by evaluating its content, benefits, and real-life field applications. Employing interview-based methodology, qualitative data were gathered from 19 cabin crew participants through purposive sampling. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis, leading to certain conclusions. The findings illustrate that CRM training has a positive impact on emotional and knowledge management, communication skills, team collaboration, and a proactive approach in matters of safety. It underscores that CRM training significantly permeates into the realm of real-world applications—namely, flight operations. However, participants highlighted certain issues and emphasized the need for more practical, interactive, and participant-centered training methods for the enhancement of CRM training, aiming to address those concerns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aviation, Airline industry, Aviation safety, Airport management, Crew resource management

Kaynakça

• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme [A conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research]. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
• Baykın, M. S. (2021). Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi yaklaşımıyla uçuş emniyeti ve kokpit uygulaması [Flight safety and cockpit application with crew resource management approach]. Master’s Thesis. İstanbul Arel University Institute of Graduate Education, İstanbul.
• Bennett, S. A. (2019). Aviation crew resource management–A critical appraisal, in the tradition of reflective practice, informed by flight and cabin crew feedback. Journal of Risk Research, 22(11), 1357-1373.
• Bruemmer, A. (2008). Exploring distance learning for Crew Resource Management training in military aviation. Doctoral Dissertation, Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
• Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2, 1-10.
• Bükeç, C.M., & Başdemir, M.M. (2021). Türkiye’de Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi eğitimlerinin uçuş emniyetine katkısını artıracak bir model önerisi [A modeling proposal for determining the contribution of CRM trainings on flight safety in Turkey]. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 16(2), 1051-1073.
• Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
• Chute, R.D., & Wiener, E.L. (1996). Cockpit-cabin communication: II. Shall we tell the pilots?. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 6(3), 211-231.
• Du, Y., & Zhu, S. (2022). Analysis of CRM training in the commercial pilot license training stage for student pilots-Taking L3 Flight Training School as an example. Frontiers in Educational Research, 5(3), 18-24.
• Erdem, Z. (2018). Ekip Kaynak Yönetiminde kabin ekiplerinin iletişim, ekip çalışması ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları ile kişilik yapıları etkileşimi: Kabin ekipleri üzerinde bir çalışma [Cabin crews’ attitudes to communication, teamwork and coping with stress with interactions of personality traits in the crew resource management: A research on cabin crews]. Doctoral Dissertation. İstanbul Kültür University Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
• European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). (2022). Annual safety review. EASA.
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2021). FAA aviation safety information analysis and sharing. FAA.
• Flin, R., & O’Connor, P. (2017). Safety at the sharp end: A guide to non-technical skills. CRC Press.
• Freeman, C. (2005). Aircrew personality and the impact of Crew Resource Management training on hazardous attitudes. Doctoral Dissertation. Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
• Guarte, J. M., & Barrios, E. B. (2006). Estimation under purposive sampling. Communications in Statistics- Simulation and Computation, 35(2), 277-284.
• Halbesleben, J. R., Cox, K. R., & Hall, L. (2011). Transfer of crew resource management training: A qualitative study of communication and decision making in two intensive care units. Leadership in Health Services, 24(1), 19-28.
• Hammarberg, K., Kirkman, M., & de Lacey, S. (2016). Qualitative research methods: When to use them and how to judge them. Human Reproduction, 31(3), 498-501.
• Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C., & Wilhelm, J. A. (2017). The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation. In Human error in aviation (pp. 275-288). Routledge.
• Helmreich, R.L. & Wilhelm, J.A. (1991). Outcomes of Crew Resource Management training. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1(4), 287-300.
• Hunt, G.J.F., & Callaghan, K.S.N. (2008). Comparative issues in aviation and surgical crew resource management:(1) Are we too solution focused?. ANZ Journal of Surgery, 78(8), 690-693.
• IATA (2016). Guidance material for improving flight crew monitoring, ISBN 978-92-9229-403-8, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• İnan, T.T. (2018). Development of Crew Resource Management concept in civil aviation. Journal of Aviation, 2(1), 45-55.
• İnan, T.T. (2019). Pilotlarda Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [Pilots Crew Resource Management Scale: Validity and reliability study]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(3), 357-373.
• Jensen, R.S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and Crew Resource Management. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7(4), 259-267.
• Jimenez, C., Kasper, K., Rivera, J., Talone, A. B., & Jentsch, F. (2015). Crew Resource Management (CRM) What aviation can learn from the application of CRM in other domains. In Proceedings of the Human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting. SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA, 946-950.
• Kanki, B. G., Helmreich, R. L., & Anca, J. M. (2010). Crew Resource Management. Academic Press.
• Karaarslan, E., & Erkmen, T. (2021). COVID-19 salgınının Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi (EKY) tutumlarına etkisi: Salgın öncesi ve sürecinde kabin ekipleri arasında bir karşılaştırma [The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Crew Resource Management (CRM) attitudes: A comparison between cabin crews’ attitudes before COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 process]. Business and Management Studies: An International Journal, 9(2), 472-485.
• Kelly, S. (2010). Qualitative interviewing techniques and styles. In: Bourgeault, I., Dingwall, R. & de Vries, R. (Eds) The Sage handbook of qualitative methods in health research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
• Kemper, P.F., van Dyck, C., Wagner, C., Wouda, L., & de Bruijne, M. (2014). Barriers and facilitators for taking action after classroom-based crew resource management training at three ICUs. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 40(7), 311-318.
• Klampfer, B., Flin, R., Helmreich, R. L., Hausler, R., Sexton, B., Fletcher, G., Dieckmann, P., & Amacher, A. (2011). Enhancing Performance in High-Risk Environments: Recommendations for the Use of Behavioural Markers. Ladenburg, Daimler-Benz Shiftung.
• Kreischer, N., Sebok, A., Orchosky, L., & Rogers, D.A. (2022). Adapting Crew Resource Management for training in unmanned operations. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting (Vol. 66, No. 1, pp.). SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2011-2015.
• Miles, M., & Huberman, A. (1994). An expanded sourcebook: Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
• Morgan, D.L. & Morgan, R.K. (2008). Single-case research methods for the behavioral and health sciences. SAGE Publications.
• Mulyanto, A. I., Erialdy, E., Putra, A. P. G., & Galuh, I. R. J. (2021). Analysis of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training and workload on aviation syllabus. EMPIRE, 1(1), 46-56.
• Onwuegbuzie, A.J., & Collins, K.M. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316.
• Oun, M.A., & Bach, C. (2014). Qualitative research method summary. Qualitative Research, 1(5), 252-258.
• O’Connor, P., Campbell, J., Newon, J., Melton, J., Salas, E., & Wilson, K. A. (2008). Crew Resource Management training effectiveness: A meta-analysis and some critical needs. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 18(4), 353-368.
• O’Connor, P., Jones, D.W., McCauley, M.E., & Buttrey, S.E. (2012). An evaluation of the effectiveness of the crew resource management programme in naval aviation. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 1(1), 21-40.
• Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma [Qualitative data analysis: A study on methodology problem in social sciences]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 321-343.
• Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544.
• Salas, E., Burke, C. S., Bowers, C. A., & Wilson, K. A. (2001). Team training in the skies: Does Crew Resource Management (CRM) training work?. Human Factors, 43(4), 641-674.
• Salas, E., Prince, C., Bowers, C.A., Stout, R.J., Oser, R.L., & Cannon-Bowers, J.A. (1999). A methodology for enhancing Crew Resource Management training. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 41(1), 161-172.
• Salas, E., Wilson, K.A., Burke, C.S., & Wightman, D.C. (2006). Does crew resource management training work? An update, an extension, and some critical needs. Human Factors, 48(2), 392-412.
• Terzioğlu, M. (2007). Uçak kazalarının nedeni olarak insan hatalarını azaltmada Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi [Human errors as a cause of aircraft accidents can be reduced through crew resource management]. Master’s Thesis. Dokuz University Institute of Social Sciences, İzmir.
• Van Den Berg, M.J., Signal, T.L., & Gander, P.H. (2020). Fatigue risk management for cabin crew: The importance of company support and sufficient rest for work-life balance-a qualitative study. Industrial Health, 58(1), 2-14.
• Wagener, F., & Ison, D.C. (2014). Crew Resource Management application in commercial aviation. Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 3(2), 2-13.