The effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on heart tissue iron density

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this histological study was to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency, low intensity magnetic field on the heart muscle ıron density. Materials and methods: In this study, 45 male Spraque Dawley rats were introduced and were divided into three groups as sham, control and experiment group. The experimental group was exposed to a 0.25 mT to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) for 14 days, 3h a day in metacrylate boxes. The sham group was treated like the experimental group, except for ELF-MF exposure. For control, nothing applied to rats in this group and they completed their life cycle in the cage during the study period. After exposure period, the rats were sacrificed under ketalar an-esthesia (50 mg / kg, intramuscularly). Heart tissues were immediately fixed in 10% neutral formaldehyde and embed-ded in paraffin blocks. Histological sections from cardiac tissue stained by hematoxylin-eosin, Perls' Prussian blue for iron pigments. Histological slides were photographed under a Nikon DS-2MV photomicroscope. Results: The architecture and histology of the control, sham and experimental group were observed as normal. No differences were observed between the control, sham and experimental rat groups in the iron stain of heart tissues. Conclusion: As a result of our study, we did not observe differences between the control and ELF-MF (experimental) group. In this investigation we demonstrated that the exposure of cardiac tissue of rats to the ELF-MF did not change in the iron stain study.

Keywords

• Extremely low frequency magnetic field, heart, iron.

Aşırı düşük frekanslı manyetik alanın kalp dokusu demir yoğunluğu üzerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu histolojik çalışmanın amacı; aşırı düşük frekanslı, düşük yoğunluklu manyetik alanın kalp dokusu demir yo-ğunluğu üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada; sham, kontrol ve deney grubu olarak üçe bölünen 45 Spraque Dawley erkek rat kul-lanıldı. Deney grubu günde üç saat 14 gün boyunca metakrilat kutularda 0.25 mT oldukça düşük frekanslı manyetik alana (ELF-MF) maruz bırakıldı. Sham grubu, ELF-MF uygulaması dışında deney grubuna benzer şekilde uygulamaya maruz bırakıldı. Kontrol grubu ratlara hiçbir şey uygulanmadı ve fareler çalışma peryodu boyunca yaşam sikluslarını kafes içinde tamamladı. Yapılan işlem sonrasında, 50 mg/kg intramuskuler ketalar anestezisi uygulanarak ratlar sakrifiye edildi Kalp dokuları hemen %10 nötral formalinde fikse edilerek parafin bloklara gömüldü. Kalp dokusunun histolojik örnekleri Hematoksilen-Eosin ve demir pigmentleri için Perls' Prussian blue boyası ile boyandı. Nikon DS-2MV fo-tomikroskopta histolojik preparatlar fotoğraflandı. Bulgular: Kontrol, sham ve deney grubumuzun histolojik yapısı normal gözlendi. Kontrol, sham ve deney grubu arasında kalp dokusu demir boyaması açısından farklılık gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda, kontrol ve ELF-MF (deney) grubu arasında farklılık saptamadık. Bu çalışmada, ELF-MF'ye maruz kalan farelerin kalp dokusunda demir boyaması ile değişiklik olmadığı saptandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aşırı düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik alan, kalp, demir.

Kaynakça

1. Zecca L, Mantegazza C, Margonato V, et al. Biological ef- fects of prolonged exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields in rats: III. 50 Hz Electromagnetic Fields. Bioelectromag- netics 1998;19(1):57-66.
2. Coelho AM, Roger WR Jr, Smith HD. Effects of current ex- posure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields on the social behavior of baboons. Bioelectromagnetics 1995; Suppl 3: 71-92.
3. Seegal RF, Wolpaw JR, Dowman R. Chronic exposure of pri- mate to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields: II. Neurochemi- cal effects. Bioelectromagnetics 1989;10(3):289-301.
4. Svedenstal BM, Johanson KJ. Fetal loss in mice exposed to magnetic fields during early pregnancy. Bioelectromagnet- ics 1995; 16(5): 284-9.
5. Papanikolaou, G. and Pantopoulos, K. Iron metabolism and toxicity. Toxicol Appl Paharmacol 2005; 202 (2) : 199- 211.
6. Harrison PM, Arosio P. Ferritins molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996;1275 (3): 161-203.
7. Yoon JH, Lee MS, Kang JH. Reaction of ferritin with hy- drogen peroxide induces lipid peroxidation. BMB Rep 2010;43(3):219-24.
8. Puntarulo S. Iron, oxidative stress and human health. Mol Aspects Med 2005; 26 (4-5): 299-312.

9. Valko M, Morris, H, Cronin MT. Metals, toxicity and oxida- tive stress. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12 (10):1161- 208.
10. Ganguli A, Kohli HS, Khullar M, Lal Gupta K, Jha V, Sakhuja V. Lipid peroxidation products formation with var- ious iron preparations in chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2009; 31(2): 106-10.
11. Feychting M, Forssén U, Floderus B. Occupational and res- idential magnetic field exposure and leukemia and central nervous system tumors. Epidemiology 1997;8(4):384-9.
12. Lai H, Singh NP. Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Perspect 2004 ;112(6):687-94.
13. Wolf FI, Torsello A, Tedesco B et al. 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mecha- nism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1743(1-2):120-9.
14. Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the parameters of oxidative stress in heart. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010 61(3):333-8.
15. Borjanovic SS, Jankovic SM, Pejovic Z. ECG changes in humans exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields. J Occup Health 2005 ; 47(5):391-6.
16. Hakansson N, Gustavsson P, Sastre A, Floderus B. Occupa- tional exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158 (6): 534-42.
17. Sorahan T, Nicols L. Mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to magnetic field exposure: Findings from a study of UK electricity generation and transmission work- ers, 1973-1997. Am J Ind Med 2004; 45 (1): 93-102.
18. Savitz DA, Liao D, Sastre A, et al. Magnetic field exposure and cardiovascular disease mortality among electric utility workers. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149(2):135-42.
19. Ventura C, Maioli M, Pintus G, Gottardi G, Bersani F. Elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2000 45 (4):1054-64.
20. Shao T. EMF-cancer link: the ferritin hypothesis. Med Hy- potheses 1993;41(1):28-30.