Eski Soruna Yeni Bir Bakış: İnfantil Kolik

Öz

İnfantil kolik, iyi gelişen sağlıklı bebeklerde, daha çok akşam saatlerinde görülen, ataklar hâlinde ortaya çıkan, etiyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış aşırı ağlama duru- mudur. İlk kez 1954 yılında Wessel tarafından tanımlanan infantil kolik Rome IV kriterlerine göre yaşamın ilk 5 ayın- da büyüme geriliği olmayan bebeklerde, görünen bir neden olmadan başlayan ve biten, huzursuzluk/ağlama ile birlikte görülen, bir haftadan daha uzun süren, haftada en az 3 gün günde an az 3 saat devam eden irritabilite nöbetleridir. Kolik prevalansı % 10-40 olarak bildirilmektedir. İnfantil koliğin etiyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olup, multi- faktöryel olduğu düşünülmektedir. İnfantil kolik ile cinsiyet, doğum tartısı, doğum şekli, beslenme biçimi ilişki saptan- mamıştır. Olası risk faktörleri maternal sigara kullanımı, ileri anne yaşı ve ilk bebektir. Son yıllarda intestinal flora- daki dengesizliğin koliğe neden olabilecegi konusundaki çalışmalar giderek artmaktadır. Koliğin kesin nedeni bili- nemediği için standart bir protokolün oluşturulamaması nedeniyle birçok seçenek uygulanmış, ancak hâlen etkili bir tedavi biçimi bulunamamıştır. İnfantil kolik tedavisinde davranışssal uygulamalarının diğer yöntemlerden daha etkin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Diurnal ritmin olgunlaştığı dönemde spontan olarak kaybolan infantil kolikli bebekler- de migren, atopi, hiperreaktivite gibi sorunların daha sık olduğu bilinmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağlama,infantil kolik,inflamasyon,intestinal disbiyozis,sütçocuğu

New Perspective to the Old Problem: Infantile Colic

Öz

Infantile colic is a condition of excessive crying mostly observed in the evening hours in healthy infants, emerging in the form of attacks and of which etiology has not been explored completely. Infantile colic, which was defined by Wessel in 1954 for the first time, as irritability attacks in infants who have no growth retardation within the first 5 months of their lives according to the Rome IV criteria, that start and end without a visible cause which are observed with fuss/crying, last for more than one week, continue for at least 3 days a week and at least 3 hours a day. Prevalence of colic is reported to be 10-40%. The etiology of infantile colic has not been understood completely, but it is thought to be multifactorial. No correlation was determined betwe- en infantile colic and gender, birth weight, birth type and diet. The potential risk factors are maternal cigarette use, advanced maternal age and the first baby. In recent years, studies on the subject related to imbalance in the intestinal flora which may cause colic are gradually increasing. Many options have been applied, but an effective treatment type has not been found yet since the absolute reason for colic is not known and thus, a standard protocol cannot be created. It is reported that behavioural practices are more effective in infantile colic treatment than other methods. It is known that the problems such as migraine, atopy and hyperactivity occur more frequently in infants with infanti- le colic, which spontaneously terminates in the period when the diurnal rhythm develops

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crying,infant,infantile colic,intestinal dysbiosis,inflamation

Kaynakça

1. Wessel Ma, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris GS Jr, Detwiller aC. Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, someti- mes called colic. Pediatrics 1954;14:421-35.
2. Hyman PE, Milla PJ, Benninga Ma, Davidson GP, Fleisher DF, Taminiau J. Childhood functional gast- rointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1519-26.
3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.065
4. Benninga Ma, Faure C, Hyman PE, St James roberts ı, Schechter Nl, Nurko S. Childhood functi- onal gastrointestinal disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology 2016 Feb 15 (Aralık 2016).
5. St James-roberts ı. Persistent crying in infancy. Arch Dis Child 1991;66:653-5.
6. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.66.5.653
7. Barr rG. The early crying paradox: a modest propo- sal. Hum Nat 1990;1:355-89.
8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02734051

9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3782(01)00219-5
10. De Weerth C, Fuentes S, de Vos WM. Crying in infants: On the possible role of intestinal microbiota in the development of colic. Gut Microbes 2013;4:416- 21.
11. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.26041
12. Savino F, Ceratto S, De Marco a, di Montezemolo lC. Looking for new treatments of infantile colic. Ital J Pediatr 2014;5:40-53.
13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-40-53
14. Savino F, Cordisco l, Tarasco V, Calabrese r, Palumeri E, Matteuzzi D. Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infant. Acta Paediatr 2009;98:1582-8.
15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01419.x
16. Biagi E, Nylund l, Candela M, Ostan r, Bucci l, Pini E, et al. Through ageing, and beyond: gut micro- biota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenari- ans. PLoS One 2010;5:e10667.
17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010667
18. rhoads JM, Fatheree NY, Norori J, liu Y, lucke JF, Tyson JE, et al. Altered fecal microflora and increased fecal calprotectin in infants with colic. J Pediatr 2009;155:823-8.
19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.05.012
20. ali aM. Helicobacter pylori and infantile colic. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012;166:648-50.
21. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1241
22. Partty a. Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, ısolauri E. Infantile colic is associated low grade systemic inflam- mation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016 July (Aralık 2016).
23. Savino F, Grassino EC, Guidi C, Oggero r, Silvestro l, Miniero r. Ghrelin and motilin concentratin in colicy infants. Acta Paed 2006;95:738-41.
24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08035250500522654
25. lothe l, ıvarsson Sa, lindbeerg T. Motilin and infantile colic. A prospective study. Acta Paediatr Scand 1990;79:410-3
26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11485.x
27. Butler D. Infantile colic and aspirin. Med J Aust 1987;146:179.
28. Jordan B, Heine rG, Meehan M, Catto -Semith aG, lubitz l. Effect of antireflux medication, placebo and infant mental health intervention on persistent crying: a randomised clinical trial. J Paediatr Child Health 2006;42:49-58.
29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00786.x
30. Miller ar, Barr rG. Infantile colic. Is it a gut issue? Pediatr North Am 1992;38:1407-23.
31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38227-X
32. Kanabar D, randhawa M, Clayton P. Improvement of symptoms in infant colic following reduction of lactose load with lactase. J Hum Nutr Diet 2001;14:359-63.
33. Camilleri M, Park SY, Scarpato E, Staiano a. Exploring hypotheses and rationale for causes of infan- tile colic. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;1-11.
34. rautava P, Helenius H, lehtonen l. Psychosocial predisposing factors for infantile colic. BMJ 1993;307: 600-4.
35. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6904.600
36. Kaymaz N, Yıldırım Ş, Topaloğlu N, Gencer M, Binentoğlu FK, Tekin M, et al. Nurs child young people 2015;27:32-8.
37. https://doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.27.10.32.s28
38. Halpern r, Coleho r. Excessive crying in infants. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016;923Suppl 1:S40-S45.
39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.01.004
40. Kurtoglu S, Uzum K, Hallac ıK, Coskun a. 5- Hydroxy-3-indole actic acid levels in infantile colic. Is serotinergic tonus responsible for this problem? Acta Paediatr 1997;86:764.
41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08583.x
42. Feedman SB, al-Harty N, Hull- Freedman J. The crying infant: diagnostic testing and frequency of seri- ous underlying disease. Pediatrics 2009;123:841-8.
43. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0113
44. Garrison MM, Christakis Da. A systematic review of treatments for infant colic. Pediatrics 2000;106:184-90.
45. Karabıyık N, Oğuz F. İnfantil kolik. Çocuk Dergisi 2009;9:16-21.
46. Danielsson B, Hwang CP. Treatment of infantile colic with surface active substance (Simethicone). Acta Paediatr Scand 1985;74:446-50.
47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11001.x
48. Savino F, Brondello C, Cresi F, Oggero r, Silvestro l. Cimetropium bromide in the treatment of crisis in infantile colic. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;34: 417-9.
49. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200204000-00020
50. lucassen Pl, assendelft WJ, van Eijk JT, Gubbels JW, Douwes aC, van Geldrop WJ. Systematic revi- ew of the occurence of infantil colic in the community. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:398-403.
51. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.84.5.398
52. Thomas DW, McGilligan K, Eisenberg lD, lieberman HM, rissman EM. Infantile colic and type of milk feeding. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:451-3.
53. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460040109028
54. Engler Ca, Hadash a, Shehadeh N, Pillar G. Breastfeeding may improve nocturnal sleep and reduce infantile colic: potential role of breast milk melatonin. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171:729-32.
55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1659-3
56. Hogdall CK, Vestermark V, Birch M, Plenov G, Toftager-larsen K. The significance of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum factors for the development of infantile colic. J Perinat Med 1991;19:251-7.
57. akhnikh S, Engelberts aC, van Sleuwen BE, l’Hoir MP, Benninga Ma. The excessively crying infant: etiology and treatment. Pediatr Ann 2014;43:e69-75.
58. https://doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20140325-07
59. Bocquet a, Bresson Jl, Briend a, Chouraqui JP, Darmaun D,Dupont C, et al. Infant formulas and soy protein - based formulas: current data. Arch Pediatr 2001;8:1226-33.
60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-693X(01)00615-7
61. Vandenplas Y, alarcon P. Updated algorithms for managing frequent gastro-intestinal symptoms in infants. Beneficial Microbes 2015;6:199-208.
62. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2014.0075
63. Kearney PJ, Malone aJ, Hayes T, Cole M, Hyland M. A trial of lactase in the management of infant colic. J Hum Nutrition Dietetics 1998;11:281-5.
64. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-277X.1998.00108.x
65. Hall B, Chesters J, robinson a. Infantile colic:A systematic review of medical and conventional therapi- es. J Pead Child Health 2012;48:128-37.
66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02061.x
67. Treem Wr. Infant colic, a pediatric gastroenterologist’s perspective. Pediatr Clin North Am 1994;41:1121- 1139.
68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38848-4
69. Chau K, lau E, Greenberg S, Jaconson S, Yazdani- Brojeni P, Verma N, et al. Probiotics for infantile colic: a randomized, double –blind, placebo-controlled rial investigating Lactobasillus reuteri DSM 17938. J Pediatr 2015;166:74-8.
70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.09.020
71. Szajewska H, Dryl r. Probiotics for the management of infantile colic. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016;63 Suppl 1:S22-24.
72. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000489617.90064.4d
73. Savino F, Fornasero S, Ceratto S, De Marco a, Mandras N, roana J, et al. Probiotics and gut health in infants: A preliminary case-control observational study about early treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 7;451(Pt A):82-7.
74. ındrio F, Di Mauro a, riezzo G, Civardi E, ıntini C, Corvaglia l, et al. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurtation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;168:228-33.
75. Sung V, Hiscock H, Tang MlK, Mensah FK, Nation Ml, Satzke C, et al. Treating infant colic with the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri:double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial. BMJ 2014;348:g2107.
76. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2107
77. Bruyas-Bertholon V, lachaux a, Dubois JP, Fourneret P, letrilliart l. Which treatments for infantile colics? Presse Med 2012;41:e404-10.
78. Weizman Z, alkrinawi S, Goldfarb D, Bitran C. Herbal teas for infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;123: 670-1.
79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80982-5
80. arikan D, alp H, Gizem S, Orbak Z, Ciftçi EK. Effectiveness of massage, sucrose solution, herbal tea or hydrolysed formula in the treatment of infantile colic. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:1754-61.
81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02093.x
82. rodriguez-Gonzalesn M, Benavente Fernandez ı, Zafra rodriguez P, et al. Toxicity of remedies for infantile colic. Arch Dis Child 2014;99:147.
83. özden Ta, İşsever H, Gokcay G, Saner G. Longitudinal analyses of blood-lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning in healthy children under two years of age indoor built environ 2004;13:303-8.
84. Tikochinski Y, Kukliansky ı. Examination of the effect of born free active flow baby bottles on infant colic. Gastroenterol Nurs 2013;36:123-7.
85. https://doi.org/10.1097/SGA.0b013e318288d13a
86. Ohgi S, akiyama T, arisawa K, Shigermori K. Randomised controlled trial of swaddling versus mas- sage in the management of excessive crying in infants with cerebral injuries. Arch Dis Child 2004;89:212-6.
87. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2002.025064
88. Esposito G, Yoshida S, Ohnishi r, Tsuneoka Y, rostagno MC, Yokota S, et al. Infant calming respon- ses during maternal carrying in humans and mice. Curr Biol 2013;23:739-45.
89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.041
90. Epple a. Infant massage for children with disabilities and special needs. Pract Midwife 2011;14:30-32.
91. Underdown a, Barlow J, Chung V, Stewart-Brown S. Massage intervention for promoting mental and physical health in infants aged under six months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;18:CD005038.
92. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005038.pub2
93. Dobson D, lucassen Pl, Miller JJ, Vlieger aM, Prescott P, lewith G. Manipulative therapies for infantile colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12: CD004796.
94. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004796.pub2
95. landgren K, Kvorning N, Hallstrom ı. Acupuncture reduces crying in infants with infantile colic: a rando- mized, controlled, blind clinical study. Acupunct Med 2010;28:174-9.
96. https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.2010.002394
97. Savino F, Castagno E, Bretto r, Brondello C, Palumeri E, Oggero r. A prospective 10-year study on children who had severe infantile colic. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2005;94:129-32.
98. https://doi.org/10.1080/08035320510043691
99. Kaymaz N, Uzun ME, Cevizci S, Yıldırım S, ılcin M, Topaloğlu N, et al. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and infantile colic. Minerva Pediatr 2015; 67:391-9.
100. romanello S, Spiri D, Marcuzzi E, Zanin a, Boizeau P, riviere S, et al. Association between childhood migraine and history of infantile colic. JAMA 2013;309: 1607-12.
101. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.747
102. Gelfand aa, Goadsby PJ, allen ıE. The relationship between migraine and infant colic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2015;35:63-72.
103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414534326