Bebek Mamalarındaki Katkı Maddeleri

Öz

Piyasadaki mama çeşitleri, bunların üretim aşamaları ve piyasaya verilişleri Codex Alimentarius’a göre standardi- ze edilmiştir. Ancak, içlerinde bulundurabilecekleri katkı maddeleri ve toksinler dikkate alınmalıdır. Anne sütü ile karşılaştırıldıklarında infeksiyon riskinde artış ve ileriki dönemde daha yüksek obesite görülmesi gibi sağlık zarar- larından da söz edilmelidir. Özellikle, “anne sütüne yakınlaştırılmış formül” adı altında eklenen maddeler yarardan çok zarar vermemelidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anne sütü,mama,formül süt,devam sütü,katkı maddeleri,toksisite

Additives in Infant Formulas

Öz

Types of baby formula, their production steps and distribu- tion are standardized according to the Codex Alimentarius. However, the additives and toxins they may contain must be taken into consideration. In their comparison with breast milk, increase in the risk of infections and future obesity should be mentioned. Especially the substances added to create the “formula closest to the mother’s milk” should not do harm rather than help

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Breast milk,baby food,formula,follow-on milk,additives,toxicity

Kaynakça

1. 1. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. Consideration of the place of “Good Night” milk products in the diet of infants aged 6 months and above, November 2008. Department of Health, Scientific Review of the Welfare Food Scheme. No.51. London, 2002. TSO.
2. 2. Secretariat World Health Organization (24 November 2001). “Infant and Young Child Nutrition: Global strategy for infant and young child feeding”. World Health Organization. WHO Executive Board 109th Session provisional agenda item 3.8. (EB 109/12). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241 562218.pdf
3. 3. Vikhanski L. Fatal flaw in baby formula sparks reform in Israeli ministry. Nature Medicine 2004;10:7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0104-7b PMid:14702612
4. 4. Bowen AB, Braden CR. Invasive enterobakter sakazakii disease in infants. Emerging Infect Dis 2006;12(8):1185-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.051509 PMid:16965695 PMCid:3291213
5. 5. Lehner A, et al. Microbiological, epidemiological and food safety aspects of enterobacter sakazakii. J Food Prot 2004; 67-2850-7.
6. 6. Iversen C, et al. Isolation of enterobacter sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae from powdered infant formula milk and related products. Food Microbiology 2004;21:771-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2004.01.009
7. 7. Chap J, et al. International survey of cronobacter sakazakii and other cronobacter spp. in follow-up formulas and infant foods. International Journal of Food and Microbiology 2009;136:185-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.005 PMid:19729216
8. 8. FAO/WHO. Enterobacter Sakazakii and salmonella in powdered infant formula. Meeting Report. Joint FAO/WHO Technical meeting on Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella Powdered Infant Formula, Rome, Italy. 16-20 January 2006. [FAO/WHO] Microbiological Risk Assessment Series, No. 10.

9. 9. FAO/WHO. Safe Preparation, Storage and Handling of Powdered Infant Formula: Guidelines. http://www.who.int/ foodsafety/publications/micro/pif2007/en
10. 10. Agestoni C, et al. Preparation and handling of powdered infant formula: A commentary by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;39(4):320-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200410000-00002 PMid:15448416
11. 11. Gossner CM, et al. The melamine incident: Implications for international food and feed safety. Environmental. Health Perspectives 2009:117;1803-8. PMid:20049196 PMCid:2799451
12. 12. Liu J, et al. “Urinary tract abnormalities in chinese rural children who consumed melamine-contaminated dairy products: a population-based screening and follow-up study”. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2010;182:439-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.091063 PMid:20176755 PMCid:2842835
13. 13. WHO. Expert meeting to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid: Overall conclusions and recommendations. Ottowa (ON): Dec. 1-4, 2008. www.who.int/ foodsafety/fs_management_recommendations.pdf
14. 14. Zhou W, et al. The characteristics of immune system changes in children who ingested melamine-contaminated powdered formula in China. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2010:20(4)289-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603121003663479 PMid:20645202
15. 15. Ingelfinger JR. Melamine and the global implications of food contamination. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2745-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp0808410 PMid:19109571
16. 16. Cockell KA, et al. Manganese content of soy or rice beverages is high in comparison to infant formulas. Journal of American College of Nutrition 2004;23:124-30. PMid:15047678
17. 17. http://www.medicalveritas.com/images/00068.pdf
18. 18. Menezes-Filho, et al. Manganese exposure and the neuropsychological effect on children and adolescents: a review. Pan Am J Public Health 2009;26:541-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892009001200010
19. 19. Cao XL, et al. Bisphenol A in baby food products in glass jars with metal lids from Canadian markets. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 24;57(12):5345-51.
20. 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816563
21. 21. Baydar T, et al. Aflatoxin B1, M1 and ochratoxin a levels in infant formulae and baby foods marketed in Ankara, Turkey. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2007;15:89-92.
22. 22. Meucci V, et al. Mycotoxin detection in infant formla milks in Italy. Food Addit Contam: Part A. Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010;27(1):64-71.
23. 23. Her N, et al. Perchlorate in dairy milk and milk-based powdered infant formula in South Korea. Chemosphere 2010;81: 732-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.031 PMid:20692011
24. 24. Schier JG, et al. Perchlorate exposure from infant formula and comparisons with the perchlorate reference dose. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.2010;20:281-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.18 PMid:19293845
25. 25. Eklund G, Oskarsson A. Exposure of cadmium from infant formulas and weaning foods. Food Additives and Contaminants 1999;16:509-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026520399283650 PMid:10789373
26. 26. Ruiz E, et al. Determination of furan in jarred baby food purchased from the Spanish market by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS)’. Food Additives and contaminants: Part A 2010;27(9):1208-14
27. 27. Lachenmeier, DW et al. ‘Occurrence of benzene as a heatinduces contaminant of carrot juice for abies in a general survey of beverages’. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A. 2008;25(10)1216-24.
28. 28. Carvalho RS, et al. An update on pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition: A review of some recent advances. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2008;204-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2008.06.002 PMid:18647667
29. 29. http://www.ifm.net/industry/prebiotics.htm
30. 30. Carvalho RS, et al. An update on pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition: A review of some recent advances. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2008;204-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2008.06.002 PMid:18647667
31. 31. Capeding R, et al. Lutein-fortified infant formula fed to healthy term infants: Evaluation of growth effects and safety. Nutrition Journal 2010;9:22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-22 PMid:20492710 PMCid:2892426
32. 32. Simmer K, Patole S, Rao SC. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:23;(1)ÇCD000376.
33. 33. Shah D. Is there any benefit of supplementing infant milk formulae with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids? Indian Pediatrics 2009;46:783-4. PMid:19812423
34. 34. http://www.scan.gov.uk/pdfs/position_statement_2007_0924. pdf
35. 35. http://www.babymilkaction.org/ahop/posters.html#obesity.
36. 36. Bermann KE et al. Early determinants of childhood overweight and adiposity in a birth cohort study: Role of breastfeeding. Int J of Obesity 2003;27:162-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.802200 PMid:12586995
37. 37. McNiel ME, et al. What are the risks associated with formula feeding? A re-analysis and review. Birth 2010;37(1):50-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.2009.00378.x PMid:20402722