Risk Factors for Early Weight Loss in Breastfed and Term Newborns

Öz

Objective: Newborns lose some of their birth weight before hospital discharge. This loss is accepted as “physiological” up to 5-7%. Infants with weight loss over this range may receive undue formula supplementation. Formula supplementation disrupts exclusive breastfeeding, does not have the benefits of mother’s milk, and may cause low breastfeeding success in the long run. Identification of the risk factors affecting infant weight loss percentage in the few days following the birth will increase exclusive breastfeeding success. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors that cause early weight loss in newborns before hospital discharge. Material and Methods: Weight loss in infants born between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014, at Vehbi Koç Foundation American Hospital was evaluated retrospectively. The hospital records of 3812 babies who completed the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The variables yielding significant results in binary tables were further evaluated by “Multivariate Logistic Regression”. Results: Delivering via caesarean section, primiparity, early term gestational week, older maternal age and female gender of the infant were statistically significant risk factors for early weight loss in newborns. Conclusion: To increase the success of breastfeeding in babies who are exclusively breastfed, the mother-infant pair identified with risk factors that contribute to infant weight loss must be closely monitored. Breastfeeding counselling should be repeated, and breastfeeding should be supported. Suggested intervention list is created aligned with the findings to assist mothers in risk management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Early weight loss
• new-born
• risk factors

Anne Sütü ile Beslenen ve Term Yenidoğanlarda Erken Kilo Kaybı için Risk Faktörleri

Öz

Amaç: Yenidoğan bebekler hastane taburculuğu öncesi doğum kilolarının bir kısmını kaybetmektedirler. Belli bir orana kadar bu kayıp (%5-7) ‘fizyolojik’ olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kilo kaybı bu oranı geçen bebeklerde erken dönemde yersiz takviye başlanabilmektedir. Erken dönemde mama ile takviye sadece anne sütü ile beslenmeyi kesintiye uğratmakta, anne sütünün faydalarına sahip olmadığı gibi ve uzun vadede anne sütü ile beslenme başarısında düşüklüğe sebep olabilmektedir. Yenidoğan bebeklerde doğumu takip eden birkaç günde kilo kaybına etki eden risk faktörlerinin tespiti sadece anne sütü ile beslenme başarısını arttıracaktır. Çalışmanın amacı taburculuk öncesi yenidoğan bebeklerdeki kilo kaybına sebep olan risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Vehbi Koç Vakfı Amerikan Hastanesi’nde 1 Ocak 2011- 31 Aralık 2014 arasında doğan bebeklerdeki kilo kaybı retrospektif dosya taraması olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini dolduran 3812 bebek çalışmaya alınmıştır. İkili tablolarda anlamlı sonuç veren değişkenler ‘Multivariate Lojistik Regresyon’ ile değerlendirilmişlerdir. Bulgular: Sezaryen doğum, parite, gestasyon haftasına göre erken term olma, ileri anne yaşı ve kız bebek cinsiyeti yenidoğanda erken kilo kaybı için istatiksel olarak anlamlı risk faktörleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sadece anne sütü alan bebeklerde emzirme başarısının artması için, kilo kaybında artışa sebep olan risk faktörlerine sahip olan gruplarda anne- bebek ikilisi yakın takip edilmelidir. Gerekirse emzirme danışmanlığı tekrarlanmalı ve anne sütü ile beslenme desteklenmelidir. Annelere risk yönetiminde yardımcı olmak için bulgulara uyumlu olarak önerilen müdahale listesi oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erken kilo kaybı
• yenidoğan
• risk faktörleri

Kaynakça

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