BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 43 - 50, 01.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2015.043

Öz

Obezlerde astım sıklığı, obez olmayanlara göre genellikle daha yüksek oranlarda bildirilmektedir. Obezitenin astım gelişimi için predispozan bir faktör olabileceği düşünülse de, neden olan mekanizmaların ve onların etkileri yeterin- ce açıklanamamıştır. Obezite ve astım arasındaki etkileşi- min multifaktöryel olduğu ve bireyler arasında değişken- likler gösterdiği düşünülmektedir. Astım ve obezite ilişkisi- ni ortaya koyan; epidemiyolojik, immünolojik, solunum fizyolojisi ve mekaniği, genetik ve çevresel faktörler ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışmanın varlığı ile birlikte, aksi yönde sonuç bildiren çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda obezite ilişkili astımın farklı bir fenotip olduğu düşünül- müş ve “obezite ile ilişkili astım fenotipi” kavramı öneril- miştir. Bu fenotipin göz önüne alınmasının obez astımlı hastalarda tedavi yaklaşımını daha spesifik hâle getireceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Malveaux FJ. The state of childhood asthma: intro- duction. Pediatrics 2009;1233:129-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2233B
  • World Health Organization obesity and overweight Fact sheet No:311, Geneva, WHO, http://who.ınt/medi- acentral juctsmeets/Fs3117en/prınt.html.
  • kuczmarski RJ, Ogden Cl, Grummer-Strawn lM, Flegal kM, Guo SS, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data 2000;314:1-27.
  • peroni DG, pietrobelli A, Boner Al. Asthma and obesity in childhood: on the road ahead. Int J Obes 2010;34:599-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.273
  • Huang Sl, Shiao G, Chou p. Association between body mass index and allergy in teenage girls in Taiwan. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:323-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00455.x
  • Boulet lp. Asthma and obesity. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2012;43:8-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04040.x
  • Cottrell l, neal WA, ıce C, perez Mk, piedimonte G. Metabolic abnormalities in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:441-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201004-0603OC
  • Gilliland FD, Berhane k, ıslam t, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland SS, et al. Obesity and the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in school-age children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:406-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg175
  • Gold DR, Damokosh Aı, Dockery DW, Berkey CS. Body-mass index as a predictor of incident asthma in a prospective cohort of children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003; 36:514-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.10376
  • Chinn S, Rona RJ. Can the increase in body mass index explain the rising trend in asthma in children. Thorax 2001;56:845-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.845
  • Stamatakis e, primatesta p, Chinn S, Rona R, Falascheti e. Overweight and obesity trends from 1974 to 2003 in English children: what is the role of socioeconomic factors? Arch Dis Child 2005;90:999– 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.068932
  • Schachter lM, peat Jk, Salome CM. Asthma and atopy in overweight children. Thorax 2003;58: 1031-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.12.1031
  • Castro-Rodríguez JA, Holberg CJ, Morgan WJ, Wright Al, Martinez FD. Increased incidence of asthmalike symptoms in girls who become overweight or obese during the school years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1344-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2006140
  • Gennuso J, epstein l, paluch RA, Cerny F. The relationship between asthma and obesity in urban minority children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:1197-200.
  • epstein lH, Wu YW, paluch RA, Cerny FJ, Dorn Jp. Asthma and maternal body mass index are related to pediatric body mass index and obesity: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obes Res 2000;8:575-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.74
  • Çilek M, Canıtez Y, Sağlam H, Şengül C, poyraz H, Çekiç Ş, ve ark. Bursa ili 7-15 yaş grubu okul çocuk- larında astım ve obezite arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılma- sı. 7. Ulusal Çocuk Astım, Alerji ve Çocuk Solunum Yolu Hastalıkları Kongresi özet kitabı, 3-5 Mayıs 2012, Eskişehir, S90.
  • Jarvis D, Chinn S, potts J, Burney p. Association of body mass index with respiratory symptoms and atopy: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:831-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01380.x
  • Garcia-Marcos l, Arnedo pena A, Busquets-Monge R, Morales Sua´rez-Varela M, Garcı´a de Andoin n, Batlles-Garrido J, et al. How the presence of rhino- conjunctivitis and the severity of asthma modify the relationship between obesity and asthma in children 6–7 years old. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:1174-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02993.x
  • von kries R, Hermann M, Grunert Vp, von Mutius e. Is obesity a risk factor for childhood asthma? Allergy 2001;56(4):318-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00727.x
  • Bertolace Mdo p, toledo e, Jorge pp, liberatore Junior Rdel R. Association between obesity and ast- hma among teenagers. Sao Paulo Med J 2008;126: 285-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000500008
  • Story Re. Asthma and obesity in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007;19(6):680-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f1ddfa
  • Vargas pA, perry tt, Robles e, Jo CH, Simpson pM, Magee JM, et al. Relationship of body mass index with asthma indicators in head start children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007;99:22-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60616-3
  • Belamarich Fp, luder e, kattan M, Mitchell H, ıslam S, lynn H, et al. Do obese inner-city children with asthma have more symptoms than nonobese child- ren with astma? Pediatrics 2000;106:1436-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.6.1436
  • thomson CC, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Body mass index and asthma severity among adults presenting to the emergency department. Chest 2003;124:795-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.3.795
  • Carroll Cl, Bhandari A, zucker AR, Schramm CM. Childhood obesity increases duration of therapy during severe asthma exacerbations. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7:527–531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000243749.14555.E8
  • Aaron SD, Fergusson D, Dent R, Chen Y, Vandemheen kl, Dales Re. Effect of weight reducti- on on respiratory function and airway reactivity in obese women. Chest 2004;125(6):2046-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.6.2046
  • pianosi pt, Davis HS. Determinates of physical fit- ness in children with asthma. Pediatrics 2004;113: 225-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.3.e225
  • kwong kY, Rhandhawa ı, Saxena J, Morphew t, Jones CA. Ability to control persistent asthma in obese versus non-obese children enrolled in an asthma- specific disease management program (breathmobile). J Asthma 2006;43:661-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770900600925270
  • Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, poulton R, taylor DR, Greene JM, Mclachlan CR, et al. Sex differences in the relation between body mass index and asthma and atopy in a birth cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:440-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200405-623OC
  • von Mutius e, Schwartz J, neas lM, Dockery D, Weiss St. Relation of body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study III. Thorax 2001;56:835-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.835
  • Sybilski AJ, Raciborski F, lipiec A, tomaszewska A, lusawa A, Furmańczyk k, et al. Obesity - a risk factor for asthma, but not for atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and sensitization. Public Health Nutr 2014;17: 1-7.
  • Van Gysel D, Govaere e, Verhamme k, Doli e, De Baets F. Body mass index in Belgian schoolchildren and its relationship with sensitization and allergic symptoms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009;20:246-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00774.x
  • kusunoki t, Morimoto t, nishikomori R, Heike t, ıto M, Hosoi S, et al. Obesity and the prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008;19:527-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00686.x
  • Ross k, Hart M, Storfer-ısser A, kibler A, Johnson n, Rosen C, et al. Obesity and obesity related co-morbidities in a referral population of children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009;44:877-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21065
  • Bibi H, Shoseyov D, Feigenbaum D, Genis M, Friger M, peled R, et al. The relationship between asthma and obesity in children: is it real or a case of over diag- nosis? J Asthma 2004;41:403-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JAS-120026097
  • kırkıl G, Deveci F, Muz MH, İlhan F, Çakır Y. Stabil astımlı hastalarda serum leptin seviyeleri ve leptin ile astım şiddeti ve obesite arasındaki ilişki. Solunum 2006;8.27-32.
  • Mai XM, Böttcher MF, leijon ı. Leptin and asthma in overweight children at 12 years of age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004;15:523-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00195.x
  • Hallstrand tS, Fischer Me, Wurfel MM, Afari n, Buchwald D, Goldberg J. Genetic pleiotropy between asthma and obesity in a community-based sample of twins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:1235-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.016
  • Beuther DA, Weiss St, Sutherland eR. Obesity and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:112-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200602-231PP
  • Soyer Öu, kalaycı Ö. Astım ve obezite. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2007;38:194-8.
  • Vasudevan AR, Wu H, Xydakis AM, Jones pH, Smith eO, Sweeney JF, et al. Eotaxin and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:256-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1280
  • Guler n, kirerleri e, Ones u, tamay z, Salmayenli n, Darendeliler F. Leptin: Does it have any role in childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114: 254-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.053
  • Sin DD, Man SFp. Impaired lung function and serum leptin in men and women with normal body weight: a population based study. Thorax 2003;58:695-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.8.695
  • Sposato B, Scalese M, Migliorini MG, Riccardi Mp, Balducci Mt, petruzzelli l, et al. Obesity can influ- ence children’s and adolescents’ airway hyperresponsi- veness differently. Multidiscip Respir Med 2013;8:60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-8-60
  • Shore SA, Johnston RA. Obesity and asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2006;110: 83-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.002
  • Gnavi R, Spagnoli tD, Galotto C, pugliese e, Carta A, Cesari l. Socioeconomic status, overweight and obesity in prepuberal children: a study in an area of Northern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16:797-803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007645703292
  • Vangeepuram n, teitelbaum Sl, Galvez Mp, Brenner B, Doucette J, Wolff MS. Measures of obe- sity associated with asthma diagnosis in ethnic mino- rity children. J Obes 2011;2011:517417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/517417
  • Carroll n, Sly p. Exercise training as an adjunct to asthma management? Thorax 1999;54:190-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.54.3.190
  • Glazebrook C, Mcpherson AC, Macdonald ıA, Swift JA, Ramsay C, newbould R, et al. Asthma as a barrier to children’s physical activity: implications for body mass index and mental health. Pediatrics 2006;118:2443-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1846
  • lang Je. Obesity, Nutrition, and Asthma in Children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2012;25:64-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ped.2011.0137

The Relationship Between Asthma and Obesity in Children

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 43 - 50, 01.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2015.043

Öz

The incidence of asthma in obese is generally found to be higher than in non-obese. Despite being thought to be a predisposing factor in the development of asthma, the mec- hanism and effects of obesity have not yet been well expla- ined. The relationship between obesity and asthma is tho- ught to be multifactorial and variable between individuals. Apart from the studies related to epidemiologic, immunolo- gic, genetic and environmental factors, respiratory physio- logy and mechanics which demonstrate the relationship between obesity and asthma, in some studies contradictory have been reported. In recent years, obesity -related ast- hma has been thought to be a different phenotype and “obesity -related asthma phenotype” concept has been proposed. The consideration of this phenotype may conce- ivably bring about a more specific therapeutic approach.

Kaynakça

  • Malveaux FJ. The state of childhood asthma: intro- duction. Pediatrics 2009;1233:129-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2233B
  • World Health Organization obesity and overweight Fact sheet No:311, Geneva, WHO, http://who.ınt/medi- acentral juctsmeets/Fs3117en/prınt.html.
  • kuczmarski RJ, Ogden Cl, Grummer-Strawn lM, Flegal kM, Guo SS, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data 2000;314:1-27.
  • peroni DG, pietrobelli A, Boner Al. Asthma and obesity in childhood: on the road ahead. Int J Obes 2010;34:599-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.273
  • Huang Sl, Shiao G, Chou p. Association between body mass index and allergy in teenage girls in Taiwan. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:323-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00455.x
  • Boulet lp. Asthma and obesity. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2012;43:8-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04040.x
  • Cottrell l, neal WA, ıce C, perez Mk, piedimonte G. Metabolic abnormalities in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:441-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201004-0603OC
  • Gilliland FD, Berhane k, ıslam t, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland SS, et al. Obesity and the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in school-age children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:406-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg175
  • Gold DR, Damokosh Aı, Dockery DW, Berkey CS. Body-mass index as a predictor of incident asthma in a prospective cohort of children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003; 36:514-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.10376
  • Chinn S, Rona RJ. Can the increase in body mass index explain the rising trend in asthma in children. Thorax 2001;56:845-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.845
  • Stamatakis e, primatesta p, Chinn S, Rona R, Falascheti e. Overweight and obesity trends from 1974 to 2003 in English children: what is the role of socioeconomic factors? Arch Dis Child 2005;90:999– 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.068932
  • Schachter lM, peat Jk, Salome CM. Asthma and atopy in overweight children. Thorax 2003;58: 1031-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.12.1031
  • Castro-Rodríguez JA, Holberg CJ, Morgan WJ, Wright Al, Martinez FD. Increased incidence of asthmalike symptoms in girls who become overweight or obese during the school years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1344-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2006140
  • Gennuso J, epstein l, paluch RA, Cerny F. The relationship between asthma and obesity in urban minority children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:1197-200.
  • epstein lH, Wu YW, paluch RA, Cerny FJ, Dorn Jp. Asthma and maternal body mass index are related to pediatric body mass index and obesity: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obes Res 2000;8:575-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.74
  • Çilek M, Canıtez Y, Sağlam H, Şengül C, poyraz H, Çekiç Ş, ve ark. Bursa ili 7-15 yaş grubu okul çocuk- larında astım ve obezite arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılma- sı. 7. Ulusal Çocuk Astım, Alerji ve Çocuk Solunum Yolu Hastalıkları Kongresi özet kitabı, 3-5 Mayıs 2012, Eskişehir, S90.
  • Jarvis D, Chinn S, potts J, Burney p. Association of body mass index with respiratory symptoms and atopy: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:831-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01380.x
  • Garcia-Marcos l, Arnedo pena A, Busquets-Monge R, Morales Sua´rez-Varela M, Garcı´a de Andoin n, Batlles-Garrido J, et al. How the presence of rhino- conjunctivitis and the severity of asthma modify the relationship between obesity and asthma in children 6–7 years old. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:1174-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02993.x
  • von kries R, Hermann M, Grunert Vp, von Mutius e. Is obesity a risk factor for childhood asthma? Allergy 2001;56(4):318-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00727.x
  • Bertolace Mdo p, toledo e, Jorge pp, liberatore Junior Rdel R. Association between obesity and ast- hma among teenagers. Sao Paulo Med J 2008;126: 285-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000500008
  • Story Re. Asthma and obesity in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007;19(6):680-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f1ddfa
  • Vargas pA, perry tt, Robles e, Jo CH, Simpson pM, Magee JM, et al. Relationship of body mass index with asthma indicators in head start children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007;99:22-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60616-3
  • Belamarich Fp, luder e, kattan M, Mitchell H, ıslam S, lynn H, et al. Do obese inner-city children with asthma have more symptoms than nonobese child- ren with astma? Pediatrics 2000;106:1436-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.6.1436
  • thomson CC, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Body mass index and asthma severity among adults presenting to the emergency department. Chest 2003;124:795-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.3.795
  • Carroll Cl, Bhandari A, zucker AR, Schramm CM. Childhood obesity increases duration of therapy during severe asthma exacerbations. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7:527–531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000243749.14555.E8
  • Aaron SD, Fergusson D, Dent R, Chen Y, Vandemheen kl, Dales Re. Effect of weight reducti- on on respiratory function and airway reactivity in obese women. Chest 2004;125(6):2046-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.6.2046
  • pianosi pt, Davis HS. Determinates of physical fit- ness in children with asthma. Pediatrics 2004;113: 225-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.3.e225
  • kwong kY, Rhandhawa ı, Saxena J, Morphew t, Jones CA. Ability to control persistent asthma in obese versus non-obese children enrolled in an asthma- specific disease management program (breathmobile). J Asthma 2006;43:661-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770900600925270
  • Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, poulton R, taylor DR, Greene JM, Mclachlan CR, et al. Sex differences in the relation between body mass index and asthma and atopy in a birth cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:440-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200405-623OC
  • von Mutius e, Schwartz J, neas lM, Dockery D, Weiss St. Relation of body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study III. Thorax 2001;56:835-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.835
  • Sybilski AJ, Raciborski F, lipiec A, tomaszewska A, lusawa A, Furmańczyk k, et al. Obesity - a risk factor for asthma, but not for atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and sensitization. Public Health Nutr 2014;17: 1-7.
  • Van Gysel D, Govaere e, Verhamme k, Doli e, De Baets F. Body mass index in Belgian schoolchildren and its relationship with sensitization and allergic symptoms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009;20:246-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00774.x
  • kusunoki t, Morimoto t, nishikomori R, Heike t, ıto M, Hosoi S, et al. Obesity and the prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008;19:527-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00686.x
  • Ross k, Hart M, Storfer-ısser A, kibler A, Johnson n, Rosen C, et al. Obesity and obesity related co-morbidities in a referral population of children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009;44:877-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21065
  • Bibi H, Shoseyov D, Feigenbaum D, Genis M, Friger M, peled R, et al. The relationship between asthma and obesity in children: is it real or a case of over diag- nosis? J Asthma 2004;41:403-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JAS-120026097
  • kırkıl G, Deveci F, Muz MH, İlhan F, Çakır Y. Stabil astımlı hastalarda serum leptin seviyeleri ve leptin ile astım şiddeti ve obesite arasındaki ilişki. Solunum 2006;8.27-32.
  • Mai XM, Böttcher MF, leijon ı. Leptin and asthma in overweight children at 12 years of age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004;15:523-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00195.x
  • Hallstrand tS, Fischer Me, Wurfel MM, Afari n, Buchwald D, Goldberg J. Genetic pleiotropy between asthma and obesity in a community-based sample of twins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:1235-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.016
  • Beuther DA, Weiss St, Sutherland eR. Obesity and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:112-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200602-231PP
  • Soyer Öu, kalaycı Ö. Astım ve obezite. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2007;38:194-8.
  • Vasudevan AR, Wu H, Xydakis AM, Jones pH, Smith eO, Sweeney JF, et al. Eotaxin and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:256-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1280
  • Guler n, kirerleri e, Ones u, tamay z, Salmayenli n, Darendeliler F. Leptin: Does it have any role in childhood asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114: 254-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.053
  • Sin DD, Man SFp. Impaired lung function and serum leptin in men and women with normal body weight: a population based study. Thorax 2003;58:695-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.8.695
  • Sposato B, Scalese M, Migliorini MG, Riccardi Mp, Balducci Mt, petruzzelli l, et al. Obesity can influ- ence children’s and adolescents’ airway hyperresponsi- veness differently. Multidiscip Respir Med 2013;8:60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-8-60
  • Shore SA, Johnston RA. Obesity and asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2006;110: 83-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.002
  • Gnavi R, Spagnoli tD, Galotto C, pugliese e, Carta A, Cesari l. Socioeconomic status, overweight and obesity in prepuberal children: a study in an area of Northern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16:797-803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007645703292
  • Vangeepuram n, teitelbaum Sl, Galvez Mp, Brenner B, Doucette J, Wolff MS. Measures of obe- sity associated with asthma diagnosis in ethnic mino- rity children. J Obes 2011;2011:517417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/517417
  • Carroll n, Sly p. Exercise training as an adjunct to asthma management? Thorax 1999;54:190-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.54.3.190
  • Glazebrook C, Mcpherson AC, Macdonald ıA, Swift JA, Ramsay C, newbould R, et al. Asthma as a barrier to children’s physical activity: implications for body mass index and mental health. Pediatrics 2006;118:2443-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1846
  • lang Je. Obesity, Nutrition, and Asthma in Children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2012;25:64-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ped.2011.0137
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şükrü Çekiç Bu kişi benim

Yakup Canıtez Bu kişi benim

Nihat Sapan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çekiç, Ş., Canıtez, Y., & Sapan, N. (2015). Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi. Çocuk Dergisi, 15(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2015.043
AMA Çekiç Ş, Canıtez Y, Sapan N. Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi. Çocuk Dergisi. Nisan 2015;15(2):43-50. doi:10.5222/j.child.2015.043
Chicago Çekiç, Şükrü, Yakup Canıtez, ve Nihat Sapan. “Çocuklarda Astım Ve Obezite İlişkisi”. Çocuk Dergisi 15, sy. 2 (Nisan 2015): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2015.043.
EndNote Çekiç Ş, Canıtez Y, Sapan N (01 Nisan 2015) Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi. Çocuk Dergisi 15 2 43–50.
IEEE Ş. Çekiç, Y. Canıtez, ve N. Sapan, “Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi”, Çocuk Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 2, ss. 43–50, 2015, doi: 10.5222/j.child.2015.043.
ISNAD Çekiç, Şükrü vd. “Çocuklarda Astım Ve Obezite İlişkisi”. Çocuk Dergisi 15/2 (Nisan 2015), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2015.043.
JAMA Çekiç Ş, Canıtez Y, Sapan N. Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2015;15:43–50.
MLA Çekiç, Şükrü vd. “Çocuklarda Astım Ve Obezite İlişkisi”. Çocuk Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 43-50, doi:10.5222/j.child.2015.043.
Vancouver Çekiç Ş, Canıtez Y, Sapan N. Çocuklarda Astım ve Obezite İlişkisi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2015;15(2):43-50.