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Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 15 - 20, 18.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2021.956537

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile genel pediatri polikliniğine başvuran çocuklarda B12 vitamini eksikliğinin sıklığını ve yaş gruplarına göre nasıl değiştiğini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. B12 vitamini eksikliğinde en sık anemi görülürken çocuklarda ağır eksiklikler kalıcı nörolojik hasara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle B12 vitamini eksikliğinin erken saptanması ve tedavisi kalıcı etkilerini önlemek için önemlidir. Çocuklarda riskli yaş gruplarının belirlenmesi erken tanıda yararlı olacaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, genel pediatri polikliniğinde değerlendirilen ve serum B12 vitamini düzeyi ölçülen 0-18 yaş arasındaki çocuklar dahil edildi. Çocukların serum B12 vitamini değerleri hastane otomasyonundan elde edildi ve <200 pg/mL olması eksiklik, 200-300 pg/mL arasında olması ise sınırda değer olarak kabul edildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde tanımlayıcı yöntemler, Ki-kare ve Bağımsız Örnekler t-Testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: 3115 çocuğun verisi değerlendirildi. Çocukların %49,6’sı kız, %50,4’ü erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 8,2±5,4 yıl idi. Ortalama serum B12 vitamini düzeyi 436±174 pg/mL saptanırken, kızlarda bu ortalama 442±172 pg/mL, erkeklerde ise 431±177 pg/mL idi. Serum B12 vitamini eksikliği sıklığı %4,1 saptandı. Ancak, erkek çocuklarda B12 vitamini eksikliği anlamlı olarak daha sıktı (%5,2-%3,0). Sınırda değere sahip olanların oranı %18,4’tü. Yaş gruplarına göre vitamin B12 eksikliği sıklığı farklılık gösteriyordu. Serum vitamin B12 eksikliği %11 ile en yüksek oranda 0-6 ay arasında görüldü. Bunu %7,1 ile 6-24 ay grubu takip etmekteydi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile polikliniğe başvuran çocuklarda serum B12 vitamini eksikliğinin oranı gösterilmiştir. Eksikliğin özellikle süt çocukluğu ve adölesan döneminde daha sıkolduğu görülmektedir. Ancak, eksiklik oranının ve nedenlerinin daha geniş saha çalışmasıyla belirlenmesi için çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

Prof. Dr. Ayşe Kılıç Prof. Dr. Mustafa Özçetin

Kaynakça

  • 1. O’Leary F, Samman S. Vitamin B12 in health and disease. Nutrients 2010;2:299-316. google scholar
  • 2. Green R. Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist. Blood 2017;129(19):2603-11. google scholar
  • 3. Carmel R. Mild transcobalamin I (haptocorrin) deficiency and low serum cobalamin concentrations. Clin Chem 2003;49(8):1367-74. google scholar
  • 4. Green R, Allen LH, Bj0rke-Monsen AL, Brito A, Gueant JL, Miller JW, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017;3:1-20. google scholar
  • 5. Stabler SP. Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2013;368(2):149-60. google scholar
  • 6. Demir N, Koc A, Üstyol L, Peker E, Abuhandan M. Clinical and neurological findings of severe vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy and importance of early diagnosis and treatment. J Paediatr Child Health 2013;49(10):820-4. google scholar
  • 7. Çağ Y, Özdemir A, Alay M. Mülteci Çocuklarda B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Bozok Tıp Derg 2020;10(1):196-201. google scholar
  • 8. Öncel K, Nuri Özbek M, Onur H, Söker M, Ceylan A. Diyarbakır İlindeki Çocuklarda ve Adölesanlarda B12 Vitamin ve Folik Asit Düzeyleri. Dicle Tıp Derg 2006;33(3):163- 9. google scholar
  • 9. Sayar EH, Orhaner BB, Sayar E, Nesrinturan F, Küçük M. The frequency of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid deficiency in the neonatal period and infancy, and the relationship with maternal levels. Turk Pediatr Ars 2020;55(2):139-48. google scholar
  • 10. Erdöl Ş. Önemli Bir Halk Sağlığı Problemi: Vitamin B12 Eksikliği. Güncel Pediatr 2017;15(2):26-33. google scholar
  • 11. Sezer Ö, Ergüven M, Özer I, Sağlam ZA. Obez Çocuklarda Serum B12 Vitamini Seviyelerinin Normal Populasyon İle Karşılaştırılması. Avrasya Aile Hekim Derg 2013;2(2):65-9. google scholar
  • 12. Allen LH. How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(suppl):693-6. google scholar
  • 13. Önal H, Adal E, Öner T, Önal Z, Aydin A. An important problem in developing countries: Maternal and neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency. Turk Pediatr Ars 2010;45(3):242-5. google scholar
  • 14. Pektaş E, Aral YZ, Yenisey Ç. The Prevalance of Anemia and Nutriotional Anemia in Primary School Children in the City of Aydın. Meandros Med Dent J 2015;16(3):97-107. google scholar
  • 15. Finkelstein JL, Kurpad AV, Thomas T, Srinivasan K, Duggan C. Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women and their infants in South India. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2017;71(9):1046-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28402324/ google scholar
  • 16. Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, et al. Cobalamin and folate status among breastfed infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Nutrients [Internet] 2018;10(5):1-11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29783689/ google scholar
  • 17. Azad C, Jat KR, Kaur J, Guglani V, Palta A, Tiwari A, et al. Vitamin B12 status and neurodevelopmental delay in Indian infants: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Paediatr Int Child Health [Internet] 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2021 Jun 21];40(2):78-84. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?j ournalCode=ypch20 google scholar
  • 18. Kadiyala A, Palani A, Rajendraprasath S, Venkatramanan P. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Exclusively Breast Fed Term Infants in South India. J Trop Pediatr [Internet] 2021;67(1):1-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33346823/ google scholar
  • 19. Kerr MA, Livingstone B, Bates CJ, Bradbury I, Scott JM, Ward M, et al. Folate, related B vitamins, and homocysteine in childhood and adolescence: Potential implications for disease risk in later life. Pediatrics [Internet] 2009;123(2):627-35. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19171631/ google scholar
  • 20. Gonzalez-Gross M, Benser J, Breidenassel C, Albers U, Huybrechts I, Valtuena J, et al. Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: The Helena Study. Nutr Res [Internet] 2012;32(11):817-26. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176792/ google scholar
  • 21. Taneja S, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Ueland PM, et al. Cobalamin and folate status in infants and young children in a low-to-middle income community in India. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(5):1302-9. google scholar
  • 22. Koc A, Kocyigit A, Soran M, Demir N, Sevinc E, Erel O, et al. High frequency of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency as an important cause of infantile vitamin B12 deficiency in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. Eur J Nutr 2006;45(5):291-7. google scholar
  • 23. Garda-Casal MN, Osorio C, Landaeta M, Leets I, Matus P, Fazzino F, et al. High prevalence of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies in infants, children, adolescents and pregnant women in Venezuela. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2005;59(9):1064-70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16015269/ google scholar
  • 24. Hay G, Trygg K, Whitelaw A, Johnston C, Refsum H. Folate and cobalamin status in relation to diet in healthy 2-y-old children. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93(4):727-35. google scholar
  • 25. Solvik BS, Strand TA, Kvestad I, Markhus MW, Ueland PM, McCann A, et al. Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of Folate and Cobalamin Status in Norwegian Preschool Children: The FINS-KIDS Study. J Nutr 2020;150(7):1852-8. google scholar

Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Ambulatory Pediatric Outpatient Cases

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 15 - 20, 18.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2021.956537

Öz

Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in children and how it varies according to age groups. Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin that has an important role in nucleic acid synthesis, erythrocyte maturation, and nervous system development. Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly causes anemia. However, severe deficiency in children can cause permanent neurological damage. Therefore, early detection and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency make it possible to prevent its permanent effects. In addition, determining the age groups at risk allows early diagnosis. Material and Method: The study included children aged 0-18 years admitted to anambulatory pediatric outpatient clinic. Serum vitamin B12 values of children were examined. Vitamin B12 levels below 200 pg/mL were considered a deficiency and between 200-300 pg/mL a marginal level. Descriptive methods, Chi-square, and Independent Samples T-Test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The study evaluated data from 3115 children. 49.6% of the participants were girls, and 50.4% were boys. The mean age was 8.2±5.4 years. The mean serum vitamin B12 level was 436 ± 174 pg/mL. This mean was 442±172 pg/mL in girls and 431±177 pg/mL in boys. Mean vitamin B12 levels did not differ by gender. The frequency of serum vitamin B12 deficiency was 4.1%. However, it was significantly higher in boys than in girls (5.2%-3.0%). The frequency of marginal level was 18.4%. The frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency differed according to age groups. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was seen at the highest rate between 0-6 months, with 11%. This rate was 7.1% in the 6-24-month group. Conclusion: This study showed the frequency of serum vitamin B12 deficiency in children admitted to anambulatory pediatric outpatient clinic and in certain age groups. In addition, it was seen that vitamin B12 deficiency was common, especially in infancy and adolescence. However, multicenter prospective studies are needed to determine the prevalence and causes of deficiency in a wide area.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. O’Leary F, Samman S. Vitamin B12 in health and disease. Nutrients 2010;2:299-316. google scholar
  • 2. Green R. Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist. Blood 2017;129(19):2603-11. google scholar
  • 3. Carmel R. Mild transcobalamin I (haptocorrin) deficiency and low serum cobalamin concentrations. Clin Chem 2003;49(8):1367-74. google scholar
  • 4. Green R, Allen LH, Bj0rke-Monsen AL, Brito A, Gueant JL, Miller JW, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017;3:1-20. google scholar
  • 5. Stabler SP. Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2013;368(2):149-60. google scholar
  • 6. Demir N, Koc A, Üstyol L, Peker E, Abuhandan M. Clinical and neurological findings of severe vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy and importance of early diagnosis and treatment. J Paediatr Child Health 2013;49(10):820-4. google scholar
  • 7. Çağ Y, Özdemir A, Alay M. Mülteci Çocuklarda B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Bozok Tıp Derg 2020;10(1):196-201. google scholar
  • 8. Öncel K, Nuri Özbek M, Onur H, Söker M, Ceylan A. Diyarbakır İlindeki Çocuklarda ve Adölesanlarda B12 Vitamin ve Folik Asit Düzeyleri. Dicle Tıp Derg 2006;33(3):163- 9. google scholar
  • 9. Sayar EH, Orhaner BB, Sayar E, Nesrinturan F, Küçük M. The frequency of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid deficiency in the neonatal period and infancy, and the relationship with maternal levels. Turk Pediatr Ars 2020;55(2):139-48. google scholar
  • 10. Erdöl Ş. Önemli Bir Halk Sağlığı Problemi: Vitamin B12 Eksikliği. Güncel Pediatr 2017;15(2):26-33. google scholar
  • 11. Sezer Ö, Ergüven M, Özer I, Sağlam ZA. Obez Çocuklarda Serum B12 Vitamini Seviyelerinin Normal Populasyon İle Karşılaştırılması. Avrasya Aile Hekim Derg 2013;2(2):65-9. google scholar
  • 12. Allen LH. How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(suppl):693-6. google scholar
  • 13. Önal H, Adal E, Öner T, Önal Z, Aydin A. An important problem in developing countries: Maternal and neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency. Turk Pediatr Ars 2010;45(3):242-5. google scholar
  • 14. Pektaş E, Aral YZ, Yenisey Ç. The Prevalance of Anemia and Nutriotional Anemia in Primary School Children in the City of Aydın. Meandros Med Dent J 2015;16(3):97-107. google scholar
  • 15. Finkelstein JL, Kurpad AV, Thomas T, Srinivasan K, Duggan C. Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women and their infants in South India. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2017;71(9):1046-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28402324/ google scholar
  • 16. Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, et al. Cobalamin and folate status among breastfed infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Nutrients [Internet] 2018;10(5):1-11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29783689/ google scholar
  • 17. Azad C, Jat KR, Kaur J, Guglani V, Palta A, Tiwari A, et al. Vitamin B12 status and neurodevelopmental delay in Indian infants: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Paediatr Int Child Health [Internet] 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2021 Jun 21];40(2):78-84. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?j ournalCode=ypch20 google scholar
  • 18. Kadiyala A, Palani A, Rajendraprasath S, Venkatramanan P. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Exclusively Breast Fed Term Infants in South India. J Trop Pediatr [Internet] 2021;67(1):1-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33346823/ google scholar
  • 19. Kerr MA, Livingstone B, Bates CJ, Bradbury I, Scott JM, Ward M, et al. Folate, related B vitamins, and homocysteine in childhood and adolescence: Potential implications for disease risk in later life. Pediatrics [Internet] 2009;123(2):627-35. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19171631/ google scholar
  • 20. Gonzalez-Gross M, Benser J, Breidenassel C, Albers U, Huybrechts I, Valtuena J, et al. Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: The Helena Study. Nutr Res [Internet] 2012;32(11):817-26. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176792/ google scholar
  • 21. Taneja S, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Ueland PM, et al. Cobalamin and folate status in infants and young children in a low-to-middle income community in India. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(5):1302-9. google scholar
  • 22. Koc A, Kocyigit A, Soran M, Demir N, Sevinc E, Erel O, et al. High frequency of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency as an important cause of infantile vitamin B12 deficiency in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. Eur J Nutr 2006;45(5):291-7. google scholar
  • 23. Garda-Casal MN, Osorio C, Landaeta M, Leets I, Matus P, Fazzino F, et al. High prevalence of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies in infants, children, adolescents and pregnant women in Venezuela. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2005;59(9):1064-70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16015269/ google scholar
  • 24. Hay G, Trygg K, Whitelaw A, Johnston C, Refsum H. Folate and cobalamin status in relation to diet in healthy 2-y-old children. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93(4):727-35. google scholar
  • 25. Solvik BS, Strand TA, Kvestad I, Markhus MW, Ueland PM, McCann A, et al. Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of Folate and Cobalamin Status in Norwegian Preschool Children: The FINS-KIDS Study. J Nutr 2020;150(7):1852-8. google scholar
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Muhammet Ali Varkal 0000-0002-2564-8298

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Varkal, M. A. (2022). Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Journal of Child, 22(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2021.956537
AMA Varkal MA. Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Journal of Child. Mayıs 2022;22(1):15-20. doi:10.26650/jchild.2021.956537
Chicago Varkal, Muhammet Ali. “Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği”. Journal of Child 22, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2022): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2021.956537.
EndNote Varkal MA (01 Mayıs 2022) Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Journal of Child 22 1 15–20.
IEEE M. A. Varkal, “Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği”, Journal of Child, c. 22, sy. 1, ss. 15–20, 2022, doi: 10.26650/jchild.2021.956537.
ISNAD Varkal, Muhammet Ali. “Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği”. Journal of Child 22/1 (Mayıs 2022), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2021.956537.
JAMA Varkal MA. Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Journal of Child. 2022;22:15–20.
MLA Varkal, Muhammet Ali. “Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği”. Journal of Child, c. 22, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 15-20, doi:10.26650/jchild.2021.956537.
Vancouver Varkal MA. Genel Pediatri Polikliniği Vakalarında B12 Vitamini Eksikliği. Journal of Child. 2022;22(1):15-20.