Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Gözünden COVID-19 Aşısı: Aşı Karar Verme Konusunda Neredeyiz?

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 ile mücadele için geliştirilen aşılara karşı tepkiler tüm ülkelerde artıyor. Bu nedenle olumsuz görüşleri tespit ederek olumlu bir bakış açısı geliştirmek için aşı ile ilgili görüşlerin değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Tasarımı: Kesitsel çalışma Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma, Kapadokya Üniversitesi Nevşehir İli Sağlık Programları Yerleşkesinde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri ile kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olarak yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, bilinen örneklem hesaplamasına dayalı olarak %99 güce ulaşmak için toplam 332 öğrenciden çalışma verileri toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya katılanların %51.2'si (n=170) 18-20 yaş arasındaydı; %69,3'ü (n=230) kadındı; %24.1'i (n=80) Tıbbi Laboratuar Teknikleri Programı öğrencisi ve %52.4'ü (n=174) 2. sınıf öğrencisiydi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, katılımcıların %53.9'u (n=179) hastalandıklarında kolayca iyileşebileceklerine inanırken, %76.6'sı (n=254) aşının yan etkilerinden endişe duyduğunu ifade etmiştir. Katılımcıların COVID-19 Aşı Ölçeğine yönelik tutumlarından aldıkları toplam puan ortalamaları 3,18 ± 0,76 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin aşıya karşı olumlu bir tutum içinde oldukları ancak yine de bazı endişeleri olduğu tespit edildi. Öğrencilerin endişelerini gidermek, aşının etkinliğini şeffaf bir şekilde açıklamak ve aşı tereddütlerinin altında yatan sebepleri daha iyi anlamak için daha kapsamlı çalışmaların tasarlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aşı kararsızlığı
• COVID-19
• türkiye
• Üniversite öğrencileri
• Tutum

COVID-19 Vaccine from the Perspective of University Students: Where Are We in Regards to Vaccine Decision-Making?

Öz

Aim: Reactions against vaccines developed to combat COVID-19 are rising in all countries. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the opinions in regards to the vaccine in order to develop a positive perspective by identifying the negative opinions. This study was conducted to determine university students’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Material and Method: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study with university students studying at the Health Programs Campus of Cappadocia University in the Province of Nevşehir. In this context, study data were collected from a total of 332 students to reach power of 99% based on the known sample calculation. Results: 51.2% of the participants (n=170) in this study were between the ages of 18-20; 69.3% (n=230) were females; 24.1% (n=80) were students in Medical Laboratory Techniques Program and 52.4% (n=174) were 2nd year students. According to the results, 53.9% (n=179) of the participants believed that they could easily recover when they got sick and 76.6% of the participants (n=254) stated that they were worried about the side effects of the vaccine. Participants’ total mean score from the attitudes towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale was found to be 3.18 ± 0.76. Conclusion: Students were found to have a positive attitude towards the vaccine, but they still had some concerns. It is proposed to design further comprehensive studies to eliminate students’ concerns, to explain the effectiveness of the vaccine in a transparent way and to better understand the reasons underlying the vaccine hesitancy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vaccine hesitancy
• COVID- 19
• Turkey
• University students
• Attitude

Kaynakça

1. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10 Accessed December 8, 2020.
2. Health RoTMo (2020) COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfection) document. Available at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf Accessed December 8, 2020.
3. Organization WH (2020a) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. Reportno. Report Number|, Date. Place Published|: Institution Accessed December 8, 2020.
4. Hodgson SH, Mansatta K, Mallett G, Harris V, Emary KRW, Pollard AJ.What defines an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the challenges assessing the clinical efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Lancet Infect Dis 2021;21:e26–35.
5. Qian L, Hongzhou L. Latest updates on COVID-19 vaccines. BioScience Trends Advance Publication 2021;14(6):463-466.
6. Romer D, Jamieson KH. Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. Soc. Sci. Med, 2020;263:113356.
7. Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine 2020;1-4.
8. Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M, Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. European journal of epidemiology 2020; 35(8):775-779.

9. MacDonald NE. SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine 2015;33(34):4161-4
10. Geniş B, Gürhan N, Koç M, Geniş Ç, Şirin B, Çırakoğlu OC, et al. Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson journal of social sciences- humanities 2020;5(7):306-328.
11. Sipahi B, Yurtkoru ES, Çinko M. 3. Baskı Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS ile Veri Analizi, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları AŞ:2008.
12. Barello S, Nania T, Dellafiore F, Graffigna G, Caruso R. Vaccine hesitancy among university students in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Epidemiol 2020;35(8);781-783.
13. Saied SM, Saied EM, Kabbash IA, Abdo S. Vaccine Hesitancy: Beliefs and Barriers Associated with COVID‐19 Vaccination among Egyptian Medical Students. J Med Virol. 2021;1–12
14. Vergara R, Sarmiento P, Lagman, J. Building public trust: a response to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy predicament. Journal of Public Health 2021;1–2.
15. Campo-Arias A, Pedrozo-Pupo JC. COVID-19 vaccine distrust in Colombian university students: Frequency and associated variables. MedRxiv 2021;1-15.
16. Grech, V., & Gauci, C. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy in the University of Malta Faculties of Health Sciences, Dentistry and Medicine vis-a-vis influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination. Early Human Development, 2-5.
17. Taye, B. T., Amogne, F. K., Demssie, T. L., Zerihun, M. S., Kitaw, T. M., Tiguh, A. E., ... & Kebede, A. A. Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine acceptance and perceived barriers among university students in northeast Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2021;100848.
18. Ridenhour B, Kowalik JM, Shay DK. Unraveling R0: Considerations for public health applications. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e32–e41.
19. Billah MA, Miah MM, Khan MN. Reproductive number of coronavirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence. PLoS ONE 2020;15:e0242128.
20. Anderson RM, Vegvari C, Truscott J, Collyer BS. Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. Lancet 2020;396:1614–1616.
21. Britton T, Ball F, Trapman P. A mathematical model reveals the influence of population heterogeneity on herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020;369:846–849
22. Lucia VC, Kelekar A, Afonso NM. COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. Journal of Public Health 2020;1–5
23. Tam CC, Qiao S, Li X. Factors associated with decision making on COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance among college students in South Carolina. medRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.03. 20243543
24. Silva, J., Bratberg, J., & Lemay, V. COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2021;1-6
25. Thomson A, Watson M. Vaccine hesitancy: A vade mecum v1.0. Vaccine 2016;34:1989–1992.
26. Levine, E. M., Davey, A. S., Houston, A. M., Plotkin, S. A., Orenstein, W. A., Offit, P. A., & Edwards, K. M. (2018). Legal issues. Plotkin’s Vaccines, 7th, Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, Edwards KM (Eds), Elsevier, 1601.https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed July 25, 2021.
27. Health RoTMo (2021) Covid-19 vaccine information platform. Available at: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed July 25, 2021
28. Wang J, Peng Y, Xu H, Cui Z, Williams III RO. The COVID‐19 vaccine race: challenges and opportunities in vaccine formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020;21:225