The Effect of Body Weight on Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration in Adolescents

Öz

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of body weight on sleep duration and sleep quality in adolescents. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 14-17 year old adolescents (n=1072) attending to public and private high schools. In order to determine the sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was filled, and sociodemographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio were calculated. Results: In the least sleeping group (<8 hours/day) for both genders, the body weights were the highest (p<0.05). In boys, the least sleeping group had the highest BMI (p<0.05). The adolescents having good sleep quality had lower body weight and BMI values than the ones having poor sleep quality but the difference is not statistically significant. There was no significant relationship between the sleep quality and age, smoking habits, family types, self-evaluated school success and appetite. Conclusion: Sleep duration may be an important factor for obesity. In order to develop improvements on health; the adolescents, their families and teachers should be informed more on healthy nutrition and healthy sleep.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• • Adolescent
• • Obesity
• • Sleep Duration
• • Sleep Quality

Adölesanlarda Vücut Ağırlığının Uyku Kalitesi ve Uyku Süresine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, adölesanlarda vücut ağırlığının uyku süresi ve uyku kalitesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Metod: Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan bu araştırma, özel ve devlet liselerine devam eden 14-17 yaş adölesanlar (n=1072) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Uyku kalitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PSQI) kullanılmıştır. Sosyo-demografik veriler anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, bel ve kalça çevresi ölçülmüş, Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) ve bel kalça oranı hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Her iki cinsiyette de en az uyuyan (<8 saat/gün) adölesanların vücut ağırlıklarının en fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Erkeklerde, en az uyuyan grubun BKİ’si en yüksektir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da iyi uyku kalitesine sahip olan adölesanların vücut ağırlığı ve BKİ değerlerinin, kötü uyku kalitesi olanlara göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uyku kalitesi ile yaş, sigara kullanımı, aile tipi, okul başarısı ve iştah arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Uyku süresi obezite için önemli bir faktör olabilir. Sağlığı geliştirmek için; adölesanlar, aileleri ve öğretmenleri sağlıklı beslenme ve sağlıklı uyku konularında daha fazla bilgilendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adölesan
• obezite
• uyku süresi
• uyku kalitesi

Kaynakça

1. 1. Benedict C, Byberg L, Cedernaes J, Hogenkamp PS, Giedratis V, Kilander L, et al. Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk in men. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(9):1090-1097.
2. 2. Kronholm E, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M, Sippola R, Partonen T. Self-reported sleep duration, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in Finland. Sleep Med. 2011;12(3):215-221.
3. 3. Ramos AR, Jin Z, Rundek T, Russo C, Homma S, Elkind MS, et al. Relation between long sleep and left ventricular mass (from a multiethnic elderly cohort). Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(4):599-603.
4. 4. Bayon V, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Vecchierini MF, Chennaoui M. Sleep debt and obesity. Ann Med. 2014;46(5):264-272.
5. 5. Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Schultes B. The metabolic burden of sleep loss. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(1):52-62.
6. 6. Grandner MA, Chakravorty S, Perlis ML, Oliver L, Gurubhagavatula I. Habitual sleep duration associated with self-reported and objectively determined cardiometabolic risk factors. Sleep Med. 2014;15(1):42-50.
7. 7. Guo X, Zheng L, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li J, et al. Epidemiological evidence for the link between sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2013;14(4):324-332.
8. 8. Bixler E. Sleep and society: an epidemiological perspective. Sleep Med. 2009;10 Suppl 1:3-6.

9. 9. Taylor DJ, Bramoweth AD. Patterns and consequences of inadequate sleep in college students: substance use and motor vehicle accidents. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(6):610-612.
10. 10. Leger D, Bayon V, de Sanctis A. The role of sleep in the regulation of body weight. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418(2):101-107.
11. 11. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):660-667.
12. 12. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio : report of a WHO expert. WHO 2011; Geneva. [cited 2021 October 26]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491
13. 13. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213.
14. 14. National Sleep Foundation. Sleep in America Poll. 2006 [cited 2021 October 26]. Available from: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/professionals/sleep-americar-polls/2006-teens-and-sleep
15. 15. Roberts RE, Duong HT. Is there an association between adolescent sleep restriction and obesity. J Psychosom Res. 2015;79(6):651-656.
16. 16. Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Xing Y. Restricted sleep among adolescents: prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated factors. Behav Sleep Med. 2011;9(1):18-30.
17. 17. Yilmaz K, Kilinçaslan A, Aydin N, Kul S. Understanding sleep habits and associated factors can help to improve sleep in high school adolescents. Turk J Pediatr. 2011;53(4):430-436.
18. 18. Gradisar M, Gardner G, Dohnt H. Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Med. 2011;12(2):110-118.
19. 19. Mitchell JA, Rodriguez D, Schmitz KH, Audrain-McGovern J. Sleep duration and adolescent obesity. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1428-1434.
20. 20. Suglia SF, Kara S, Robinson WR. Sleep duration and obesity among adolescents transitioning to adulthood: do results differ by sex? J Pediatr. 2014;165(4):750-754.
21. 21. Do YK, Shin E, Bautista MA, Foo K. The associations between self-reported sleep duration and adolescent health outcomes: what is the role of time spent on Internet use? Sleep Med. 2013;14(2):195-200.
22. 22. Pileggi C, Lotito F, Bianco A, Nobile CG, Pavia M. Relationship between Chronic Short Sleep Duration and Childhood Body Mass Index: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66680.
23. 23. Ji M, Tang A, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhou G, Deng J, et al. The Relationship between Obesity, Sleep and Physical Activity in Chinese Preschool Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(3):527.
24. 24. Cuypers K, Kvaløy K, Bratberg G, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Holmen TL. Being normal weight but feeling overweight in adolescent may affect weight development into young adulthood- An 11 year followup: The HUNT Study, Norway. Journal of Obesity. 2012; ID: 601872:1-8.
25. 25. von Kries R, Toschke AM, Wurmser H, Sauerwald T, Koletzko B. Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26(5):710-716.
26. 26. Touchette E, Petit D, Tremblay RE, Boivin M, Falissard B, Genolini C, et al. Associations between sleep duration patterns and overweight/obesity at age 6. Sleep. 2008;31(11):1507-1514.
27. 27. Reilly JJ, Armstrong J, Dorosty AR, Emmett PM, Ness A, Rogers I, et al. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team. Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study. BMJ. 2005;330(7504):1357.
28. 28. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31(5):619-626.
29. 29. Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Boden-Albala B, Heymsfield SB. Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analyses of the NHANES I. Sleep. 2005;28(10):1289-1296.
30. 30. Ozturk A, Mazicioglu M, Poyrazoglu S, Cicek B, Gunay O, Kurtoglu S. The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(4):699-702.
31. 31. Gautam P, Dahal M, Baral K, Acharya R, Khanal S, Kasaju A, et al. Sleep Quality and Its Correlates among Adolescents of Western Nepal: A Population-Based Study. Sleep Disord. 2021;2021:5590715.
32. 32. Maduabuchi JC, Obu HA, Chukwu BF, Aronu AE, Manyike PC, Chinawa AT. Sleep pattern and practice among adolescents school children in Nigerian secondary schools. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;19:313.
33. 33. Gaultney JF. The prevalence of sleep disorders in college students: impact on academic performance. J Am Coll Health. 2010;59(2):91-7.
34. 34. Temel F, Hancı P, Kasapoğlu T, Kışla RM, Sarıkaya MS, Yılmaz MA, et al. Ankara'da bir meslek lisesi 10. ve 11. sınıf ögrencilerinin uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2010; 53(2): 122-131.