Investigation of supplement products preferred by healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic process

Öz

Objective: Various products are used to strengthen immunity in prevention and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the whole world, which has no cure yet, and the vaccine has just been used. This study was planned to learn about the supplements used by healthcare professionals. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to the physicians, nurses, technicians, secretaries, and staff working in the operating room, intensive care, ward, and outpatient clinic by e-mail, WhatsApp, or face-to-face interview method. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of being COVID-19-positive. The most used products were primarily Mg and vitamin D, and vitamin C, ginger, Zn, turmeric, green tea, vitamin complex, thyme, black elderberry (sambucus nigra), propolis, prebiotic/probiotic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), black cumin (niger sativa), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), selenium (Se), Coenzyme-Q10, cinnamon, glutathione (GSH) and quercetin respectively. No one had used alpha lipoic acid (ALA). The products that showed significant differences between the groups with and without COVID-19 were vitamin C, prebiotic/probiotic, propolis and ASA. Conclusıon: Since it is not asked when the product is used, although it is not possible to evaluate its effectiveness for preventive or therapeutic purposes, known to be natural, inexpensive, and easily accessible antiviral products may be preferred.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• healthcare professionals
• boosting immunity
• supplement products

COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından tercih edilen takviye ürünlerin araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Henüz tedavisi bulunmayan ve aşının da yeni kullanıma girdiği, tüm dünyayı etkileyen COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde korunma ve tedavide bağışıklığı güçlendirmek için çeşitli ürünler kullanılmıştır. Bu anket sağlık çalışanlarının kullandığı takviyeleri öğrenmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Ameliyathane, yoğun bakım, servis ve poliklinikte çalışan doktor, hemşire, tekniker, sekreter ve personele elektronik posta, whatsapp veya yüzyüze görüşme yöntemiyle anket uygulandı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında COVID-19 pozitif olma açısından fark yoktu. En çok kullanılan ürünler başta Mg ve D vitamini olmak üzere sırasıyla C vitamini, zencefil, Zn, zerdeçal, yeşil çay, vitamin kompleksi, kekik, kara mürver (sambucus nigra), propolis, prebiyotik/probiyotik, asetilsalisilik asit (ASA), çörek otu (niger sativa), N-asetil sistein (NAC), selenyum (Se), Koenzim-Q10, tarçın, glutatyon (GSH) ve kuersetin idi. Hiç kimse alfa lipoik asit (ALA) kullanmamıştı. COVID-19 olan ve olmayan gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık gösteren ürünler C vitamini, prebiyotik/probiyotik, propolis ve ASA idi. Sonuç: Ürünün ne zaman kullanıldığı sorulmadığı için koruyucu veya tedavi amaçlı etkinliğini değerlendirmek mümkün olmasa da doğal, ucuz ve kolay erişilebilir olduğu bilinen antiviral ürünler tercih edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• sağlık çalışanları
• bağışıklığı artırmak
• takviye ürünler

Kaynakça

1. 1. Keflie, T. S., & Biesalski, H. K. Micronutrients and bioactive substances: Their potential roles in combating COVID-19. Nutrition. 2021; 84:111103.
2. 2. Tan, C. W., Ho, L. P., Kalimuddin, S., Cherng, B., Teh, Y. E et al. Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020;79-80:111017.
3. 3. Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Al Dhaheri, A. S., Ali, H. I., Platat, C et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143: 1–9.
4. 4. Pereira, M., Dantas Damascena, A., Galvão Azevedo, L. M., de Almeida Oliveira, T., & da Mota Santana, J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci And Nutr. 2022; 62(5): 1308–1316.
5. 5. Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B et al. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): 988.
6. 6. Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Whitaker, I. S et al. Vitamin C-An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(12): 3760.
7. 7. Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. The Emerging Role of Vitamin C in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020; 12(11): 3286. 8. Liu, F., Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., & Peng, Z. Intravenous high-dose vitamin C for the treatment of severe COVID-19: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ open. 2020;10(7): e039519.
8. 9. Feyaerts, A. F., & Luyten, W. Vitamin C as prophylaxis and adjunctive medical treatment for COVID-19? Nutrition. 2020;79-80.

9. 10. Koçyiğit A. Is the Use of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Safe in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2? Bezmialem Science. 2020.
10. 11. Trapani, V., Rosanoff, A., Baniasadi, S., Barbagallo, M., Castiglioni, S., et al. The relevance of magnesium homeostasis in COVID-19. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(2): 625–636. 12. Wessels, I., Rolles, B., & Rink, L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 1712.
11. 13. Bae, M., & Kim, H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22): 5346. 14. Kocak, O. F., Ozgeris, F. B., Parlak, E., Kadıoglu, Y., Yuce, N ve ark. Evaluation of Serum Trace Element Levels and Biochemical Parameters of COVID-19 Patients According to Disease Severity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022; 200(7): 3138–3146.
12. 15. Giovane, R. A., Di Giovanni-Kinsley, S., & Keeton, E. Micronutrients for potential therapeutic use against COVID-19; a review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;46: 9–13. 16. Alexander, J., Tinkov, A., Strand, T. A., Alehagen, U., Skalny, A et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020; 12(8): 2358.
13. 17. Anand, A. V., Balamuralikrishnan, B., Kaviya, M., Bharathi, K., Parithathvi et al. Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2. Molecules. 2021; 26(6): 1775.
14. 18. Zahedipour, F., Hosseini, S. A., Sathyapalan, T., Majeed, M., Jamialahmadi, T et al. Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Phytother Res. 2020;34(11): 2911–2920.
15. 19. Thota, S. M., Balan, V., & Sivaramakrishnan, V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res. 2020; 34(12): 3148–3167.
16. 20. Adhikari, B., Marasini, B. P., Rayamajhee, B., Bhattarai, B. R., Lamichhane, G et al. Potential roles of medicinal plants for the treatment of viral diseases focusing on COVID-19: A review. Phytother Res. 2021;35(3): 1298–1312.
17. 21. Hawkins, J., Baker, C., Cherry, L., & Dunne, E. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 42: 361–365.
18. 22. Alschuler, L., Weil, A., Horwitz, R., Stamets, P., Chiasson, A. M et al. Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore. 2020; 16(6): 354–356.
19. 23. Hawkins, J., Hires, C., Keenan, L., & Dunne, E. Aromatherapy blend of thyme, orange, clove bud, and frankincense boosts energy levels in post-COVID-19 female patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2022;67: 102823.
20. 24. Imran, M., Khan, S. A., Abida, Alshammari, M. K., Alkhaldi, S. M et al. Nigella sativa L. and COVID-19: A Glance at The Anti-COVID-19 Chemical Constituents, Clinical Trials, Inventions, and Patent Literature. Molecules. 2022; 27(9):2750.
21. 25. Yakhchali, M., Taghipour, Z., Mirabzadeh Ardakani, M., Alizadeh Vaghasloo, M., Vazirian, M et al. Cinnamon and its possible impact on COVID-19: The viewpoint of traditional and conventional medicine. Biomed pharmacother 2021; 143:112221.
22. 26. Mhatre, S., Srivastava, T., Naik, S., & Patravale, V. Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: A review. Phytomedicine. 2021; 85: 153286.
23. 27. Chowdhury, P., & Barooah, A. K. Tea Bioactive Modulate Innate Immunity: In Perception to COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 590716.
24. 28.Tallei, T. E., Fatimawali, Niode, N. J., Idroes, R., Zidan, B et al. A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Use of Green Tea Polyphenols in the Management of COVID-19. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021; 7170736.
25. 29. Singh, N. A., Kumar, P., Jyoti, & Kumar, N. Spices and herbs: Potential antiviral preventives and immunity boosters during COVID-19. Phytother res. 2021; 35(5): 2745–2757.
26. 30. Yosri, N., Abd El-Wahed, A. A., Ghonaim, R., Khattab, O. M., Sabry, A et al. Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2. Foods. 2021;10(8): 1776.
27. 31. Güler, H. İ., Ay Şal, F., Can, Z., Kara, Y., Yildiz, O ve ark. Targeting CoV-2 spike RBD and ACE-2 interaction with flavonoids of Anatolian propolis by in silico and in vitro studies in terms of possible COVID-19 therapeutics. Turk J Biol. 2021;45(4): 530–548.
28. 32. Kosari, M., Noureddini, M., Khamechi, S. P., Najafi, A., Ghaderi, A et al. The effect of propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. methanolic extract on clinical symptoms in patients with acute respiratory syndrome suspected to COVID-19: A clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2021; 35(7): 4000–4006.
29. 33. Lima, W. G., Brito, J., & da Cruz Nizer, W. S. Bee products as a source of promising therapeutic and chemoprophylaxis strategies against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Phytother Res. 2021;35(2): 743–750.
30. 34. Baradaran Ghavami, S., Pourhamzeh, M., Farmani, M., Raftar, S., Shahrokh, S et al. Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;15(11): 1281–1294.
31. 35. de Oliveira, G., Oliveira, C., Pinzan, C. F., de Salis, L., & Cardoso, C. Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 635471.
32. 36. Colunga Biancatelli, R., Berrill, M., Catravas, J. D., & Marik, P. E. Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). Front Immunol. 2020;11: 1451.
33. 37. Bardelčíková, A., Miroššay, A., Šoltýs, J., & Mojžiš, J. Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of flavonoids in post-COVID-19 therapy. Phytother Res. 2022; 36(5): 2042–2060.
34. 38. Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D'Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Phytother Res. 2021; 35(3): 1230–1236.
35. 39. Sifuentes-Franco, S., Sánchez-Macías, D. C., Carrillo-Ibarra, S., Rivera-Valdés, J. J., Zuñiga, L. Y et al. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Infectious Diseases. Healthcare. 2022;10(3):487.
36. 40. Sumbalova, Z., Kucharska, J., Palacka, P., Rausova, Z., Langsjoen, P. H et al. Platelet mitochondrial function and endogenous coenzyme Q10 levels are reduced in patients after COVID-19. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2022;123(1): 9–15.
37. 41. Guloyan, V., Oganesian, B., Baghdasaryan, N., Yeh, C., Singh, M et al. Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(10): 914.
38. 42. Shi, Z., & Puyo, C. A. N-Acetylcysteine to Combat COVID-19: An Evidence Review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020;16: 1047–1055.
39. 43. De Flora, S., Balansky, R., & La Maestra, S. Rationale for the use of N-acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19. FASEB J. 2020;34(10): 13185–13193.
40. 44. Zhou, N., Yang, X., Huang, A., & Chen, Z. (2021). The Potential Mechanism of N-acetylcysteine in Treating COVID-19. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2021; 22(12):1584–1590.
41. 45. Ibrahim, H., Perl, A., Smith, D., Lewis, T., Kon, Z et al. Therapeutic blockade of inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection with intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Clin Immunol. 2020; 219: 108544.
42. 46. Dragomanova, S., Miteva, S., Nicoletti, F., Mangano, K., Fagone, P et al. Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Viral Infections, including COVID-19. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(8): 1294.
43. 47. Bianconi, V., Violi, F., Fallarino, F., Pignatelli, P., Sahebkar, A et al. Is Acetylsalicylic Acid a Safe and Potentially Useful Choice for Adult Patients with COVID-19? Drugs. 2020;80(14): 1383–1396.
44. 48. Sisinni, A., Rossi, L., Battista, A., Poletti, E., Battista, F. Pre-admission acetylsalicylic acid therapy and impact on in-hospital outcome in COVID-19 patients: The ASA-CARE study. Int J Cardiol. 2021; 344: 240–245.
45. 49. Mrityunjaya, M., Pavithra, V., Neelam, R., Janhavi, P., Halami, P. M et al. Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Food Supplements Targeting Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11: 570122.