Frequency and seasonal distribution of adenovirus and rotavirus in children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis: A single centre experience

Öz

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between age, gender, and season with respect to the frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus antigens in stool specimens obtained from children one month to 18 years of age who were diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis. Materials and Methods: The records of stool specimen analyses for 1960 patients with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis at our hospital from January 2017 to August 2022 were retrospectively examined. The patient's admission year, season, gender, age, and stool viral antigen test results were retrospectively analyzed from the file records. Results: Viral antigen was detected in stool specimen in 364 (13.8%) of the patients included in the study, while 92 (4.7%) of them were rotavirus and 180 (9.1%) were adenoviruses. We found that both rotavirus and adenovirus were most common in the children one month-2 years of age. In our study, rotavirus was most commonly detected in December and winter, while adenovirus was detected in March and spring. Twenty-six (28.2%) patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis and 68 (37.7%) patients with adenovirus gastroenteritis were hospitalized and treated. Conclusion: Our study showed now that rotavirus and adenovirus, which are the agents of viral gastroenteritis, are seen at a substantial rate. Especially in children under the two years of age, the frequency of detection of viral agents is higher. Enteric adenovirus and rotavirus were detected more frequently in winter and spring. We suggest that viral gastroenteritis agents should be considered and examined in children with suspected gastroenteritis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adenovirus
• children
• gastroenteritis
• prevalence
• rotavirus

Akut gastroenterit tanısı konulan çocuklarda adenovirus ve rota virüs sıklığı ve mevsimsel dağılımı: Tek merkez deneyimi

Öz

Amaç: Akut gastroenterit tanısı konulan 1 aylık-18 yaş arası çocuklardan alınan dışkı örneklerinde rotavirüs ve adenovirüs antijenlerinin yaş, cinsiyet ve mevsim ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemize Ocak 2017-Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında akut gastroenterit tanısı konulan 1960 hastanın dışkı örneği analiz kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastanın başvuru yılı, mevsimi, cinsiyeti, yaşı ve gaitada viral antijen testi sonuçları dosya kayıtlarından retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 364'ünde (%13.8) dışkı örneğinde viral antijen saptanırken, bunların 92'sinde (%4.7) rotavirüs ve 180'ninde (%9.1) adenovirüs saptandı. Hem rotavirüs hem de adenovirüsün bir ay-2 yaş grubunda en yaygın olduğunu bulduk. Çalışmamızda rotavirüs en sık Aralık ve kış aylarında, adenovirüs ise Mart ve ilkbahar aylarında tespit edilmiştir. Yirmi altı (%28.2) rotavirüs gastroenteritli hasta ve 68 (%37.7) adenovirüs gastroenteritli hasta hastaneye yatırılarak tedavi edildi. Sonuç: Çalışmamız viral gastroenterit etkenleri olan rotavirüs ve adenovirüsün önemli oranda görüldüğünü göstermiştir. Özellikle iki yaşın altındaki çocuklarda viral ajanların saptanma sıklığı daha yüksektir. Enterik adenovirüs ve rotavirüs sırasıyla ilkbahar ve kış aylarında daha sık tespit edildi. Gastroenterit şüphesi olan çocuklarda viral gastroenterit ajanlarının düşünülmesini ve araştırılmasını öneriyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adenovirüs
• çocuklar
• gastroenterit
• prevalans
• rotavirüs

Kaynakça

1. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics; Subcommittee on Acute Gastroenteritis; Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement. Practice parameter: the management of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Pediatrics. 1996;97(3):424–435
2. 2. Rivera-Dominguez G, Castano G, Ekanayake LS, Goyal A. “Pediatric gastroenteritis,” in StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, 2019.
3. 3. Chow CM, Leung AK, Hon KL. Acute gastroenteritis: from guidelines to real life. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2010;3:97-112.
4. 4. Bányai K, Estes MK, Martella V, Parashar UD. Viral gastroenteritis. Lancet. 2018;392(10142):175-186.
5. 5. Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S, et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 46 (suppl 2): S81–122.
6. 6. Dinç HÖ, Taner Z, Özbey D, Gareayaghi N, Sirekbasan S, Kocazeybek BS. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Childhood Gastroenteritis: data of the University Hospital of Cerrah paşa Medical Faculty Between January 2013 and December 2018. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2019;49(4):206-11.
7. 7. Bayırlı Turan D, Karaaslan F, Kuruoğlu T, Şerefhanoğlu K. An Evaluation in Terms of Rotavirus and Enteric Adenovirus Infection in Children With Acute Diarrhea Requiring in Patient Treatment. Turkish J Pediatr Dis 2020;14(3):220-24.
8. 8. de Cal Wilhelmi I, del Pozo Mohedano RB, Sánchez-Fauquier A. Rotavirus and other viruses causing acute childhood gastroenteritis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26:61-65.

9. 9. Tokak S, Doğaç U, Güzeş Atılgan E. Investigation of Adenovirus and Rotavirus Frequency and Seasonal Distribution in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. KÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2022;24(1):163-170.
10. 10. Sanaei Dashti A, Ghahremani P, Hashempoor T, Karimi A. Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:2045697.
11. 11. Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand, 2011 to 2017. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0220263.
12. 12. Lee B, Damon CF, Platts-Mills JA. Pediatric acute gastroenteritis associated with adenovirus 40/41 in low-income and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2020;33(5):398-403.
13. 13. Aydın E, Aydın N, Perçin Renders D. Evaluation of the Effect of Acute Gastroenteritis Factors on Laboratory Parameters in Pediatric Patients. Flora Infeksiyon Hastaliklari Ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi.2022; 27(1):125-134.
14. 14. Appenzeller C, Ammann RA, Duppenthaler A, Gorgievski-Hrisoho M, Aebi C. Serum C-reactive protein in children with adenovirus infection. Swiss Med Wkly. 2002;132(25-26):345-50.
15. 15. Shams S, Tafaroji J, Aghaali M, et al. Prevalence of enteric adenovirus and co-infection with rotavirus in children under 15 years of age with gastroenteritis in Qom, Iran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2022;15(3):256-62.
16. 16. World Health O. Rotavirus vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2007;82(32):285–95.
17. 17. Grimwood K, Carzino R, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Patients with enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis admitted to an Australian pediatric teaching hospital from 1981 to 1992. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:131–36.
18. 18. Bon F, Fascia P, Dauvergne M, Tenenbaum D, Planson H, Petion A, et al. Prevalence of group A rotavirus, human calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus type 40 and 41 infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in Dijon, France. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:3055–58.
19. 19. Li L, Phan TG, Nguyen TA, Kim KS, Seo JK, Shimizu H, et al. Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus infection among pediatric population with diarrhea in Asia. Microbiol Immunol 2005;49:121–28.
20. 20. Yassin BAG, Ali SHM, Abu Al-ess HQM, et al. A trend of seasonality of enteric adenoviral gastroenteritis in pediatric patients less than five years from Baghdad. J Res Med Dent Sci 2018;6:18–23.
21. 21. Öner SZ, Kaleli İ, Demi R M, Mete E, Çalişkan A. Rotavirus and adenovirus prevalence in patients with acute viral gastroenteritis in Denizli, Turkey, 2017-2021. J Med Virol 2022;94(8):3857-62.
22. 22. Akinci N, Ercan T E , Yalman N , Eren A , Severge B , Ercan G. The Frequency of Rotavirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. J Clin Anal Med. 2015;6(4):449–51.
23. 23. Bicer S, Sahin GT, Koncay B, et al. Frequency of gastroenteritis in pediatric emergency department. J Pediatr Inf 2008;3(2):96–9.
24. 24. Palanduz A. Infectious gastroenteritis: etiologic agents and clinical assessment. J Pediatr Inf 2009;3(2):116–8.
25. 25. Kurugol Z, Geylani S, Karaca Y, et al. Rotavirus gastroenteritis among children under five years of age in Izmir, Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2003;45(4):290–4.
26. 26. Tüzüner U, Gülcen BS, Özdemir M, Feyzioğlu B. Frequency of Adenovirus and Rotavirus and Their Seasonal Distribution in Children With Gastroenteritis. Klimik Dergisi 2016;29(3): 121-4.
27. 27. Çelik AY, Emiroğlu M, Kurtoğlu MG, İnci A, Odabaş D. Investigation of the Frequency of Viral Agents in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in the 0-5 Years Age Group. Turkish J Pediatr Dis 2016; 2: 101-6.
28. 28. Bayraktar B, Toksoy B, Bulut E. Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Klimik Dergisi 2010;23(1):15-7.
29. 29. Konca C, Tekin M, Akgun S, et al. Prevalence of rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis, seasonal distribution, and laboratory findings in the southeast of Turkey. J Pediatr Infect. 2014; 8(1): 7- 11.
30. 30. Altındiş M, Beştepe G, Çeri A, Yavru S, Kalaycı R. Frequency Of Rotavirüs And Enteric Adenovirüs Infection in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2008; 15: 17-20.
31. 31. Romo-Saenz CI, Medina-Soltero MR, Delgado-Gardea M, et al. Human enteric circulating viruses and co-infections among hospitalized children with severe acute gastroenteritis in Chihuahua, Mexico, during 2010-2011. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020;13:e95010.
32. 32. Koçak M, Çalişkan E, Köksal AO. Rotavirus Frequency in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Who Were Hospitalized in Keçiören Education and Research Hospital Pediatric Clinic. Ankem Derg 2014;28(4):134-7.
33. 33. Nazik H, İlktaç M, Öngen B. Evaluation of incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatric age group. Ankem Derg 2006; 20(4): 233-5.
34. 34. Dağı HT, Fındık D. Investigation of rotavirus and adenovirus antigens in patients with acute gastroenteritis. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5: 256-260
35. 35. Güreser A, Karasartova D, Taşçı L, Boyacıoğlu Z, Taylan ÖH. Rotavirus and Adenovirus Frequency in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Corum. Flora. 2017;22(2):58-66.
36. 36. Qiao H, Nilsson M, Abreu ER, et al. Viral diarrhea in children in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 1999; 57:390-6. 37. Modarres S, Modarres FJ. Enteric adenovirus infection in infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran. Acta Medica Iranica 2006; 44:349-353.
37. 38. Basu G, Rossouw J, Sebunya TK, et al. Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus infection in young children with gastroenteritis in Gaborone, Botswana. East Afr Med J 2003; 80:652-655.
38. 39. Gültepe B, Güdücüoğlu H, Çıkman A, Parlak M, Berktaş M. Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis observed around the Van. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2013;3(3): 131-134.
39. 40. Akan H, Izbirak G, Gürol Y, et al. Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: A retrospective study in Turkey. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2009;8:8.