Association Between Pressure Injuries and Nutritional Status in Patients Receiving Home Healthcare Patients

Öz

Abstract Aim: Pressure injuries are commonly observed in home care patients. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of pressure injuries and the nutritional status of patients receiving home healthcare services, and to reveal the relationship between these two conditions. Material and Method: A total of 81 patients with pressure injuries, followed in September 2023 by the Home Healthcare Unit of XXXX, were evaluated in detail. Patients’ demographic characteristics, presence of chronic diseases, and nutritional status were assessed. The Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living and the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF) were applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of patients with pressure injuries was 77 years (range: 15–97), and 45 (55.6%) were female. Pressure injuries were most commonly located in the sacral region (57 patients, 70.4%), with stage 2 being the most frequent (43.9%). Heel injuries were observed in 9 patients (11.1%), also predominantly stage 2 (66.7%). One patient (1.2%) had a pressure injury on the toes, which was stage 2. Sixty-two patients (76.5%) were completely dependent. According to the MNA-SF, 8 patients (9.9%) had normal nutrition, 39 (48.1%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 34 (42%) were malnourished. Malnutrition was significantly more prevalent in patients with sacral pressure injuries (p=0.043). Similarly, the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in those with trochanteric pressure injuries (p=0.009). Conclusion: The incidence of pressure injuries was higher in patients who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. In order to prevent pressure injuries in patients receiving home healthcare, early identification of malnutrition is essential. During this process, individualized diet planning and appropriate vitamin and mineral supplementation should be provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pressure injury
• Home Healthcare
• Malnutrition
• Activities of Daily Living

Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Hastaların Basınç Yaralanmalarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Beslenme Durumları ile İlişkisi

Öz

Öz Amaç: Basınç yaralanmaları evde bakım hastalarında yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada evde sağlık hizmeti alan hastaların basınç yaralanması varlığını ve beslenme durumlarını değerlendirmek; bu iki durum arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: XXXX evde sağlık hizmetleri biriminde 2023 yılı Eylül ayında takip edilen hastalardan basınç yaralanması olan 81 hasta ayrıntılı değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, kronik hastalık varlığı, beslenme şekli sorgulandı ve Barthel Günlük Yaşam aktiviteleri indeksi, Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme-Kısa Form (MNA-SF) ölçekleri uygulandı. p<0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Basınç yaralanması olan hastaların yaş ortancası 77 (15-97) idi. Hastaların 45’i (%55.6) kadındı. Sakrumda 57 (%70.4) hastada basınç yaralanması vardı ve en çok görülen evre 2 (%43.9) idi. Topukta 9 (%11.1) hastada basınç yaralanması vardı ve en çok görülen evre 2 (%66.7) idi. Ayak parmaklarında 1 (%1.2) hastada basınç yaralanması vardı ve evre 2 (%100) idi. Hastaların 62 (%76.5) tam bağımlıydı. MNA-SF tarama durumuna göre normal nütrisyon 8 (%9.9), malnütrisyon riski altında 39 (%48.1), malnütrisyonlu 34 (%42) hasta bulunmaktaydı. Özellikle sakrum bölgesinde basınç yaralanması olanlarda malnütrisyon anlamlı yüksekti (p:0.043). Trokanter bölgesinde basınç yaralanması olan hastalarda da malnütrisyon riski anlamlı yüksekti (p:0.009). Tartışma: Sonuç olarak malnütrisyon ya da malnütrisyon riski olan hastalarda basınç yaralanması görülme oranı artmıştır. Evde sağlık hizmeti alan hastalarda basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesi için malnütrisyonun erken dönemde tespit edilmesi gereklidir. Bu süreçte, hastaların bireysel ihtiyaçlarına uygun özel diyet planlamaları yapılmalı ve gerekli vitamin-mineral takviyeleriyle desteklenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basınç yaralanması
• Evde Sağlık
• Malnütrisyon
• Günlük Yaşam Aktivitesi

Kaynakça

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