Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum and the Effect of This Disease on the Quality of Life

Öz

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to depression or anxiety disorder in pregnant women more frequently than serious complications. This situation can significantly deteriorate the quality of life of the pregnant woman. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the levels of depression and anxiety in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum, and to analyze the effect of hyperemesis on quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study included 87 patients diagnosed with hyperemesis and 24 patients without hyperemesis admitted to our hospital between the dates of 01.04.2018-01.10.2018. All participants received Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and 12-question quality of life (SF-12) forms. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 25.4±5.0 years (Age range: 17-39 years). Minimal minimal anxiety and depression were detected in all participants. There was no significant difference between the group of patients diagnosed with hyperemesis and the control group in terms of mean depression score (p=0.161) and anxiety score (p=0.266). No significant difference was found in terms of the distribution of depression and anxiety levels between the groups (p=0.46 and p=0.557, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings show that anxiety and depression levels cannot be directly correlated with hyperemesis gravidarum. However, it is necessary to closely monitor the psychological status of pregnant women diagnosed with hyperemesis, to perform the necessary supportive treatments and to improve their quality of life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Beck Anxiety Inventory
• Beck Depression Inventory

Hiperemezis Gravidarum Hastalarında Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozuklukları ve Bu Hastalığın Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Hiperemezis gravidarum, hamile kadınlarda ciddi komplikasyonlardan daha sık depresyon veya anksiyete bozukluğuna yol açabilir. Bu durum hamile kadının yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde bozabilir. Çalışmamızda hiperemezis gravidarum hastalarında depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin araştırılması ve hiperemezisin yaşam kalitesine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 01.04.2018-01.10.2018 tarihleri ​​arasında hastanemize başvuran 87 hiperemezis tanısı almış, 24 hiperemezisli hasta dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılar Beck Anksiyete Envanteri, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve 12 soruluk yaşam kalitesi (SF-12) formlarını aldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların ortalama yaşı 25,4 ± 5,0 yıl (Yaş aralığı: 17-39) idi. Tüm katılımcılarda minimal minimal anksiyete ve depresyon tespit edildi. Hiperemezis tanısı alan hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında ortalama depresyon puanı (p = 0.161) ve anksiyete puanı (p = 0.266) açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Gruplar arasında depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin dağılımı açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla p = 0,46 ve p = 0,557). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bulgularımız, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin hiperemezis gravidarum ile doğrudan ilişkili olamayacağını göstermektedir. Ancak hiperemezis tanısı almış gebelerin psikolojik durumlarının yakından izlenmesi, gerekli destek tedavilerinin yapılması ve yaşam kalitelerinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hiperemezis gravidarum
• Beck Anksiyete Envanteri
• Beck Depresyon Envanteri

Kaynakça

1. 1. London V, Grube S, Sherer DM, Abulafia O. Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Review of Recent Literature. Pharmacology 2017;100:161-71.
2. 2. Dean CR, Shemar M, Ostrowski GAU, Painter RC. Management of severe pregnancy sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum. BMJ 2018;363:k5000.
3. 3. Abramowitz A, Miller ES, Wisner KL. Treatment options for hyperemesis gravidarum. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017;20:363-72.
4. 4. Dean CR, Bruin CM, O'Hara ME, Roseboom TJ, Leeflang MM, Spijker R, et al. The chance of recurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2019;5:100105.
5. 5. Austin K, Wilson K, Saha S. Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutr Clin Pract 2019;34:226-41.
6. 6. Tamay AG, Kuscu NK. Hyperemesis gravidarum: current aspect. J Obstet Gynaecol 2011;31:708-12.
7. 7. Ioannidou P, Papanikolaou D, Mikos T, Mastorakos G, Goulis DG. Predictive factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019;238:178-87.
8. 8. Yanikkerem E, Ildan Calim S, Göker A, Oruc Koltan S, Koyuncu FM. Opinions and needs of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Gümüshane University Journal of Health Sciences 2012;1:269-83.

9. 9. Seng JS, Schrot JA, van De Ven C, Liberzon I. Service use data analysis of pre-pregnancy psychiatric and somatic diagnoses in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2007;28:209-17.
10. 10. Fell DB, Dodds L, Joseph KS, Allen VM, Butler B. Risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum requiring hospital admission during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:277-84.
11. 11. Erginbas Kender E, Yüksel G, Ger C, Özer Ü. Eating attitudes, depression and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Düsünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2015;28:119-26.
12. 12. Özen O, Mihmanli V, Cetinkaya N, Yumusak R, Ciftci Y, Gökcen I. Evaluation of anxiety and depression in hyperemesis gravidarum patients. Okmeydani Tip Dergisi. 2013;29:143-6.
13. 13. Tan PC, Vani S, Lim BK, Omar SZ. Anxiety and depression in hyperemesis gravidarum: prevalence, risk factors and correlation with clinical severity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010;149:153-8.
14. 14. Kasap E. Depression And Anxiety Test Scores In patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Selcuk Med J 2018;34:155-9.
15. 15. Simsek Y, Celik Ö, Yilmaz E, Karaer A, Yildirim E, Yologlu S. Assesment of anxiety and depression levels of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in a case-control study. J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012;13:32-6.
16. 16. Aksu E, Albayrak Y, Beyazyüz E, Potas N, Durankus F, Tenel B, et al. Distinct temperament and character traits in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
17. 17. Simpson SW, Goodwin TM, Robins SB, Rizzo AA, Howes RA, Buckwalter DK, et al. Psychological factors and hyperemesis gravidarum. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001;10:471-7.
18. 18. Yildirim E, Demir E. The relationship of hyperemesis gravidarum with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression. J Obstet Gynaecol 2019;39:793-8.
19. 19. Topalahmetoglu Y, Altay MM, Akdag Cirik D, Tohma YA, Colak E, Coskun B, et al. Depression and anxiety disorder in hyperemesis gravidarum: A prospective case-control study. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2017;14:214-9.
20. 20. Uguz F, Gezginc K, Kayhan F, Cicek E, Kantarci AH. Is hyperemesis gravidarum associated with mood, anxiety and personality disorders: a case-control study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012;34:398-402.
21. 21. Kamalak Z, Kösüs N, Kösüs A, Hizli D, Ayrim A, Kurt G. Is there any effect of demographic features on development of hyperemesis gravidarum in the Turkish population? Turk J Med Sci 2013;43:995-9.
22. 22. Türkmen H. The effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on prenatal adaptation and quality of life: a prospective case-control study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]
23. 23. Hoffman DL, Dukes EM. The health status burden of people with fibromyalgia: a review of studies that assessed health status with the SF-36 or the SF-12. J Clin Pract 2008;62:115-26.
24. 24. Wood H, McKellar LV, Lightbody M. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: blooming or bloomin' awful? A review of the literature. Women Birth 2013;26:100-4.
25. 25. Tan A, Lowe S, Henry A. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: Effects on quality of life and day-to-day function. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;58:278-90.
26. 26. Munch S, Korst LM, Hernandez GD, Romero R, Goodwin TM. Health-related quality of life in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: the importance of psychosocial context. J Perinatol 2011;31:10-20.