Klinik Araştırma
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Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Molecular Test Results in Patients Admitted to Ankara City Hospital: Three-Year Retrospective Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 589 - 592, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1117814

Öz

Aim: Toxoplasma gondii infects about 25-30% of the world population. Toxoplasmosis is generally asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, but the infection can be life threatening in congenitally infected children and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, it is aimed to analyse the molecular test results of patients suspected with toxoplasmosis, retrospectively.
Material and Method: A total of 647 clinical samples investigated for T. gondii DNA with real-time PCR during the three-year period between 2019 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. For the qualitative detection of T. gondii, DNA isolation and DNA amplification were performed using commercial DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Germany) and real time PCR kit (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy), respectively. The data on the demographic and clinical parameters of the patients were obtained from the laboratory information management system.
Results: Out of 647 patients investigated for T. gondii DNA with real-time PCR, 51.8% were female and the mean age of the patients was 37.03 years. Among all patients, five were positive for T. gondii DNA with real-time PCR and the frequency of a positive PCR result was found 0.8% of all samples analysed. The most frequently positive clinical sample was blood (80%). Among five patients with T. gondii DNA positivity, one was diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis, four were HIV-infection.
Conclusion: Fast and accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis especially in immunosuppressed patients is crucial for rapid and specific treatment. Further studies are needed to understand the importance of molecular tests, in addition to the serological tests, in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

Kaynakça

  • Montoya, JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1965–76.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé ML. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25(2):264-96.
  • Sankur F, Ayturan Ş, Malatyalı E, Çitil BE, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. The retrospective analysis of toxoplasma serology results from Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital between 2012 and 2013. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2015;39(3):179-84.
  • Daher D, Shaghlil A, Sobh E, et al. Comprehensive overview of Toxoplasma gondii-induced and associated diseases. Pathogens 2021;10(11):1351.
  • McAuley JB. Congenital toxoplasmosis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2014;3(Suppl 1):30-5
  • Saadatnia G, Golkar M. A review on human toxoplasmosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2012;44(11):805-14.
  • Madireddy S, Rivas Chacon ED, Mangat R. Toxoplasmosis. [Updated 2021 Sep 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/
  • Inceboz M, Inceboz T. Toxoplasmosis and neuropsychological effects. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(1):49-55.
  • Liu Q, Wang ZD, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:292.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Belaz S. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016;29(4):330-39.
  • Esenkaya Taşbent F, Beder D, Özdemir M, Doğan M, Feyzioğlu B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in different patient groups in our hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022;46(1):1-6.
  • Maçin S, Fındık D, Demircan A , Arslan U, Türk Dağı H. Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity and the Results of IgG Avidity Test of Patients with Suspected Toxoplasmosis. Cumhuriyet Med J 2018;40(3):203-07.
  • Malatyalı E, Yıldız İ, Tileklioğlu E, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. Retrospective analysis of Toxoplasma gondii serology results from Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Parasitology Laboratory from 2007 to 2017. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2019;43(1):1-4.
  • Aydın Turkoğlu Ş, Karabork Ş, Cakmak M, Orallar H, Yaman K, Ayaz E. Investigation of 6-year seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in Abant Izzet Baysal University Educational Research Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018;42:106-12.
  • Alver O, Payaslıoğlu AM, Sağlık İ. Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Faculty of Medicine of Bursa Uludağ University during 2016-2018. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(4):257-61.
  • Khan K, Khan W. Congenital toxoplasmosis: An overview of the neurological and ocular manifestations. Parasitol Int 2018;67:715-21.
  • Hansu K, Ozdemir H, Hansu İ, Cıkım G, Tok A. Comparison of the Toxoplasma seroprevalence rates in Syrian refugee pregnant women and Turkish pregnant women. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(4):247-51.
  • Basavaraju A. Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection: An overview. Trop Parasitol 2016;6(2):129-135.
  • Şenoğlu S, Yeşilbağ Z, Altuntaş Aydın Ö, Kumbasar Karaosmanoğlu H, Kart Yaşar K. Toxoplasma gondii IgG seroprevalence in patients with HIV/AIDS. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018; 42(3):175-9.
  • Machala L, Malý M, Beran O, Jilich D, Kodym P. Incidence and clinical and immunological characteristics of primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected patients. Int J Infect Dis 2013;17(10):e892-e896.
  • Nissapatorn V. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS: a living legacy. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009;40(6):1158-78.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Sterkers Y, Yera H, et al. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients: a 3-year multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53(5):1677-84.
  • Filisetti D, Sterkers Y, Brenier-Pinchart MP, et al. Multicentric comparative assessment of the bio-evolution Toxoplasma gondii detection kit with eight laboratory-developed PCR assays for molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53(1):29-34.
  • Camilo LM, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Gava R, et al. Molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis: a 9-year retrospective and prospective study in a referral laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017;21(6):638-47.
  • Erdoğan E, Yürük M, Sivcan E, et al. Retrospective evaluation of serologic and molecular test results of toxoplasmosis suspected patients. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019;53(1):96-105.

Ankara Şehir Hastanesi’ne Başvuran Hastalarda Toxoplasma gondii Moleküler Test Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Üç Yıllık Retrospektif Analiz

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 589 - 592, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1117814

Öz

Amaç: Toxoplasma gondii dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %25-30'unu enfekte eder. Toksoplazmoz bağışıklık sistemi sağlam bireylerde genellikle asemptomatiktir, ancak enfeksiyon konjenital enfeksiyonlu çocuklarda ve immunsupresif bireylerde hayatı tehdit edici olabilir. Bu çalışmada toksoplazmozdan şüphelenilen hastaların moleküler test sonuçlarının geriye dönük olarak incelenmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemizde 2019-2022 yılları arasındaki üç yıllık dönemde gerçek zamanlı PCR ile T. gondii DNA araştırılan toplam 647 klinik örnek geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. T. gondii'nin kalitatif tespiti için ticari bir DNA ekstraksiyon kiti (Qiagen, Almanya) ve real time PCR kiti (Sacace Biotechnologies, İtalya) kullanılarak DNA izolasyonu ve DNA amplifikasyonu yapıldı. Hastaların demografik ve klinik parametreleri ile ilgili veriler laboratuvar bilgi yönetim sisteminden elde edildi.
Bulgular: Real-time PCR ile T. gondii DNA'sı araştırılan 647 hastanın %51,8'i kadındı ve hastaların ortalama yaşı 37,03 idi. Hastalardan beşinde, real-time PCR ile T. gondii DNA pozitif tespit edildi ve PCR pozitifliği analiz edilen tüm örnekler içinde %0,8 bulundu. En fazla pozitiflik tespit edilen klinik örnek kandı (%80). T. gondii DNA pozitifliği saptanan beş hastadan birine konjenital toksoplazmoz, dördünde HIV enfeksiyonu vardı.
Sonuç: Özellikle bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda toksoplazmozun hızlı ve doğru teşhisi, hızlı ve spesifik tedavi için çok önemlidir. Toksoplazmoz tanısında serolojik testlere ek olarak moleküler testlerin öneminin anlaşılabilmesi için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Montoya, JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1965–76.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé ML. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25(2):264-96.
  • Sankur F, Ayturan Ş, Malatyalı E, Çitil BE, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. The retrospective analysis of toxoplasma serology results from Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital between 2012 and 2013. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2015;39(3):179-84.
  • Daher D, Shaghlil A, Sobh E, et al. Comprehensive overview of Toxoplasma gondii-induced and associated diseases. Pathogens 2021;10(11):1351.
  • McAuley JB. Congenital toxoplasmosis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2014;3(Suppl 1):30-5
  • Saadatnia G, Golkar M. A review on human toxoplasmosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2012;44(11):805-14.
  • Madireddy S, Rivas Chacon ED, Mangat R. Toxoplasmosis. [Updated 2021 Sep 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/
  • Inceboz M, Inceboz T. Toxoplasmosis and neuropsychological effects. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(1):49-55.
  • Liu Q, Wang ZD, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:292.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Belaz S. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016;29(4):330-39.
  • Esenkaya Taşbent F, Beder D, Özdemir M, Doğan M, Feyzioğlu B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in different patient groups in our hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022;46(1):1-6.
  • Maçin S, Fındık D, Demircan A , Arslan U, Türk Dağı H. Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity and the Results of IgG Avidity Test of Patients with Suspected Toxoplasmosis. Cumhuriyet Med J 2018;40(3):203-07.
  • Malatyalı E, Yıldız İ, Tileklioğlu E, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. Retrospective analysis of Toxoplasma gondii serology results from Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Parasitology Laboratory from 2007 to 2017. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2019;43(1):1-4.
  • Aydın Turkoğlu Ş, Karabork Ş, Cakmak M, Orallar H, Yaman K, Ayaz E. Investigation of 6-year seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in Abant Izzet Baysal University Educational Research Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018;42:106-12.
  • Alver O, Payaslıoğlu AM, Sağlık İ. Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Faculty of Medicine of Bursa Uludağ University during 2016-2018. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(4):257-61.
  • Khan K, Khan W. Congenital toxoplasmosis: An overview of the neurological and ocular manifestations. Parasitol Int 2018;67:715-21.
  • Hansu K, Ozdemir H, Hansu İ, Cıkım G, Tok A. Comparison of the Toxoplasma seroprevalence rates in Syrian refugee pregnant women and Turkish pregnant women. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021;45(4):247-51.
  • Basavaraju A. Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection: An overview. Trop Parasitol 2016;6(2):129-135.
  • Şenoğlu S, Yeşilbağ Z, Altuntaş Aydın Ö, Kumbasar Karaosmanoğlu H, Kart Yaşar K. Toxoplasma gondii IgG seroprevalence in patients with HIV/AIDS. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018; 42(3):175-9.
  • Machala L, Malý M, Beran O, Jilich D, Kodym P. Incidence and clinical and immunological characteristics of primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected patients. Int J Infect Dis 2013;17(10):e892-e896.
  • Nissapatorn V. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS: a living legacy. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009;40(6):1158-78.
  • Robert-Gangneux F, Sterkers Y, Yera H, et al. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients: a 3-year multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53(5):1677-84.
  • Filisetti D, Sterkers Y, Brenier-Pinchart MP, et al. Multicentric comparative assessment of the bio-evolution Toxoplasma gondii detection kit with eight laboratory-developed PCR assays for molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53(1):29-34.
  • Camilo LM, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Gava R, et al. Molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis: a 9-year retrospective and prospective study in a referral laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017;21(6):638-47.
  • Erdoğan E, Yürük M, Sivcan E, et al. Retrospective evaluation of serologic and molecular test results of toxoplasmosis suspected patients. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019;53(1):96-105.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Orjinal Araştırma
Yazarlar

Filiz Demirel 0000-0002-3513-8347

Fisun Kırca 0000-0003-0959-9091

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

AMA Demirel F, Kırca F. Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Molecular Test Results in Patients Admitted to Ankara City Hospital: Three-Year Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Med. Eylül 2022;12(5):589-592. doi:10.16899/jcm.1117814