Assessment of Mothers' Mood and Cognition Functions in Perinatal Period and Their Influences on Breastfeeding Success

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 47 - 53, 31.01.2023

Tuğba Güler Sönmez Nilgün Altuntaş Muhammed Hakan Aksu Serra Altuntaş Ayşe Ünsal Melike Bahçecitapar Hamit Harun Bağcı İzzet Fidancı Pinar Çelik

https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1203381

Öz

Aim: In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of peripartum mother's cognitive functioning, anxiety, and postpartum depression of mothers on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
Material and Method: The pregnant women in the last trimester who were attended in the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology were included in the study as the study group. A total of three follow-ups were conducted in the study group. In our study Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive functioning, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1,2 to assess anxiety, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess postpartum depression, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) to assess mother's self- efficacy in breastfeeding, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool to assess mother's and baby's breastfeeding technique.
Results: All of 158 pregnant and 96 non-pregnant women were enrolled in the study. After delivery, there was a significant decrease in STAI 2 scores compared to the prenatal period (p=0.001) and a significant increase in MMSE scores (p=0.001). There was no difference in STAI 1,2 , and MMSE scores between the groups with and without successful breastfeeding (p >0.05). LATCH scores were statistically significantly higher in the group that successfully breastfed (p =0.001). LATCH (r=-0.427, p<0.001) and postpartum MMSE (r=-0.16, p=0.45) scores correlated negatively with EPDS scores.
Conclusion: The maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding should be considered from a biopsychosocial perspective as a whole, including the mother's cognitive level during the peripartum period, and support should be provided to achieve the desired success rates in initiating and maintaining breastfeeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cognitive function, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Postpartum Depression, Anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Kognitif fonksiyon, Sadece anne sütü ile Emzirme, Postpartum Depresyon, Anksiyete

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Perinatal Dönemde Annelerin Duygu Durumlarının ve Kognitif Fonksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Emzirme Başarısına Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Biz bu çalışmada sadece anne sütü ile emzirme pratiği üzerine peripartum dönemdeki annenin kognitif fonksiyonlarının (bilişsel işlev, öğrenme, bellek), anksiyete ve postpartum depresyonun etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladık
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğinde takip edilen son trimesterdeki gebeler çalışma grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Çalışma grubuna toplamda üç izlem yapıldı. Çalışmamızda kognitif fonksiyonların değerlendirilmesinde Mini Mental Durum Değerlendirme Ölçeği (MMSE), anksiyete değerlendirmesinde Durumluk-Sürekli Duygudurum Envanteri (STAI) 1, 2, postpartum depresyonun değerlendirilmesinde Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği (EPDS), annenin emzirme öz yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde Emzirme Özyeterlilik ölçeği (BSES), anne ve bebeğin emzirme tekniğinin değerlendirilmesinde Latch Emzirme Tanılama Ölçeği uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 158 gebe ve 96 gebe olmayan kadın alındı. Doğum öncesi STAI 2 skorları (µ = 47.30) kontrollerden (µ = 45.19) yüksekken (p = 0.005), MMSE skorları açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p = 0.11). Doğum sonrası doğum öncesine göre STAI 2 skorlarında anlamlı derecede azalma (p = 0.001), MMSE skorlarında anlamlı derede yükselme tespit edildi (p = 0.001). Emzirmede başarılı ve başarısız olan gruplar arasında STAI 1,2 ve MMSE skorları açısından fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). Emzirmede başarılı olan grupta LATCH skorları istatistiksel anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (p = 0.001). EPDS skorları ile LATCH (r = -0.427, p = 0.00 ) ve postpartum MMSE(r = -0.16, p = 0.45 ) skorları arasında negatif bir korelasyon saptandı.
Sonuç: Sadece anne sütü ile beslenme uyumu, emzirmenin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesinde istenilen başarı oranlarını yakalamak için peripartum dönemde anne, kognitif düzeyini de içirecek şekilde biyopsikososyal açıdan bir bütün olarak ele alınıp destek sağlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kognitif fonksiyon, Sadece anne sütü ile Emzirme, Postpartum Depresyon, Anksiyete

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• 1. Verduci E, Giannì ML, Vizzari G, Vizzuso S, Cerasani J, Mosca F, Zuccotti GV. The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13(2): 486.
• 2. World Health Organization. Babies and mothers worldwide failed by lack of investment in breastfeeding. Saudi Med J 2017;38(9):974-5.
• 3. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TNSA). Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, TC Presidency Strategy and Budget Directorate and TUBITAK;2019.
• 4. Cato K, Sylvén SM, Georgakis MK, et al. Antenatal depressive symptoms and early initiation of breastfeeding in association with exclusive breastfeeding six weeks postpartum: a longitudinal population-based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019;19:49.
• 5. Chowdhury R, Sinha B, Sankar MJ, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2015;104:96-113.
• 6. Lou Z, Zeng G, Huang L, et al. Maternal indicators reported and causes of insufficient milk supply. J Hum Lact 2014;30(4):466-73.
• 7. Galipeau R, Dumas L, Lepage M. Perception of Not Having Enough Milk and Actual Milk Production of First-Time Breastfeeding Mothers: Is There a Difference? Breastfeed Med 2017;210-7.
• 8. Dimitraki M, Tsikouras P, Manav B, et al. Evaluation of the effect of the natural and emotional stress of labor on lactation and breastfeeding. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016;293(2):317-28.
• 9. Coo S, García MI, Mira A, Valdés V. The Role of Perinatal Anxiety and Depression in Breastfeeding Practices. Breastfeed Med 2020;15(8):495-500.
• 10. Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, et al. Reliability and Validity of the Standardized Mini- Mental State Examination in The Diagnosis of Mild Dementia in Turkish Population. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2002;13(4):273-81.
• 11. Oner N, Le Compte AW. Discontinuous State; Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook, 1st edition. Istanbul, Turkey: Boğaziçi University Publications;1983.
• 12. Küçükoğlu S, Çelebioğlu A. Hasta yenidoğanların annelerinin emzirme özyeterlilik düzeyi ve emzirme başarılarının incelenmesi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;2(1):1-11.
• 13. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:782–6.
• 14. Aydin N, Inandi T, Yigit A, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among women within their first postpartum year. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004;39:483–6.
• 15. Jensen D, Wallace S, Kelsay P. LATCH: a breastfeeding charting system and documentation tool. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1994;23(1):27-32.
• 16. Ciafaloni E, Thornburg LL, Bushnell CD(Eds.); Neurological Diseases and Pregnancy: A Coordinated Care Model for Best Management; Oxford University Press;2018.
• 17. Christensen H, Leach LS, Mackinnon A. Cognition in pregnancy and motherhood: prospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2010;196(2):126-32.
• 18. Davies SJ, Lum JA, Skouteris H, et al., Cognitive impairment during pregnancy: a meta‐analysis. MJA 2018;208(1):35-40.
• 19. Zaman FK, Özkan N, Toprak D. Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy. Konuralp Med J 2018;10(1):20-5. 20. Sinesi A, Maxwell M, O'Carroll R, Cheyne H. Anxiety scales used in pregnancy: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2019;5(1):e5.
• 21. Fiterman O, Raz S. Cognitive, neural and endocrine functioning during late pregnancy: An Event-Related Potentials study. Horm Behav 2019;116:104575.
• 22. Spielberger CD Emotional reactions to surgery. J Consult Clin Psychol 1973;40(1):33- 8.
• 23. Moser JS, Moran TP, Leber AB. Manipulating attention to nonemotional distractors influences state anxiety: a proof-of-concept study in low-and high anxious college students. Behav Ther 2015; 46(6):834-43.
• 24. Ayhan B. The Evaluation of the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding. Ankara Med J 2018;(3):276‐85.
• 25. Dönmez H. Effect of Postpartum Depression on Breast-Feeding Duration of Infants And Infant Growth. Selcuk Med J 2015;31(4):158-62.
• 26. Field T. Postpartum Anxiety Prevalence, Predictors and Effects on Child Development: A Review. J Psychiatry Psychiatric Disord 2017;1(2):86-102.
• 27. Fonseca A, Canavarro MC. Cognitive correlates of women's postpartum depression risk and symptoms: the contribution of dysfunctional beliefs and negative thoughts. J. Ment. Health 2019;29(6):1-9.
• 28. Klenzman R, Spence M, Colby S, Springer C, Kavanagh K. Postpartum Anxiety, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy & Breastfeeding Outcomes. Curr Dev Nutr 2020;4(Supplement_2):1020.
• 29. Gila-Díaz A, Carrillo GH, López de Pablo Á.L, Arribas SM, Ramiro-Cortijo D. Association between maternal postpartum depression, stress, optimism, and breastfeeding pattern in the first six months. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17(19):7153.
• 30. Denis A, Luminet O. Cognitive factors and post-partum depression: What is the influence of general personality traits, rumination, maternal self-esteem, and alexithymia?. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018;25(2):359-67.
• 31. Walsh SM, Cordes L, McCreary L, Norr KF. Effects of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding practices of mothers in Rural Haiti. J Pediatr Health Care 2019;33(5):561-7.
• 32. Fan HSL, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, et al. Association Between Intrapartum Factors and the Time to Breastfeeding Initiation. Breastfeed Med 2020;15(6):394-400.
• 33. Gebremeskel SG, Gebru TT, Gebrehiwot BG, et al. Early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers of aged less than 12 months children in rural eastern zone, Tigray, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2019;12:671.
• 34. Wu X, Gao X, Sha T, et al. Modifiable Individual Factors Associated with Breastfeeding: A Cohort Study in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019;16;820.