The Evolution of Craftmanship from Necessity to Creativity

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 21 - 36, 31.03.2025

Meryem N. Yabanigül

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1512699

Öz

This research explores the link between traditional craft and contemporary technology, with an emphasis on the Ancient Greek concepts of Techne and Episteme. Analyzing the historical evolution of craftsmanship and the relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical proficiency, the study shows how technological innovations in tools and processes have continuously revolutionized human creativity. The study also discusses current issues such as how mass production affects craftsmanship and whether robotic production can be integrated with traditional craftsmanship values. This integration addresses issues such as the continued functioning of the craftsman in a rapidly changing technical environment and the preservation of the essence of craftsmanship in the age of automation. In this context, this study highlights the importance of process-oriented and adaptive approaches to production by examining the dynamic interaction between tools, techniques and creative processes. It also explores how robot technology can mimic the flexibility of traditional crafts by introducing elements of improvisation and creativity into the production process. In the field of craft and technology, this method encourages the coexistence of tradition and innovation, providing new paradigms for the production of distinctive, high-quality products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Craftsmanship, Techne, Episteme, Robotic Manufacturing, Technology

ZORUNLULUKTAN YARATICILIĞA ZANAATKÂRLIĞIN EVRİMİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, geleneksel zanaat ve modern teknoloji arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi, antik Yunan kavramları olan Techne ve Episteme'ye vurgu yaparak inceliyor. Zanaatkârlığın tarihsel evrimini ve teorik bilgi ile pratik beceri arasındaki derin bağlantıyı ele alarak, araçlar ve tekniklerdeki gelişmelerin insan yeniliğini nasıl sürekli olarak dönüştürdüğünü vurguluyor. Tartışma, kitle üretiminin zanaat üzerindeki etkisi ve geleneksel zanaatkârlık ilkeleriyle robotik üretimin entegrasyon potansiyeli gibi çağdaş konulara da uzanıyor. Bu entegrasyon, hızla gelişen teknolojik ortamda zanaatkârın rolünü koruma ve otomasyon çağında zanaatın özünü muhafaza etme gibi zorluklara çözüm getiriyor. Araçlar, teknikler ve yaratıcı süreçler arasındaki dinamik etkileşimi araştırarak, uyum sağlayan ve süreç odaklı üretim yöntemlerinin önemini vurguluyor. Araştırma ayrıca, robotların üretim sürecine belirsizlik ve yaratıcılık unsurlarını nasıl dahil edebileceğini, geleneksel zanaatkârlığın esnekliğini taklit ederek incelemekte. Bu sentez aracılığıyla, çalışmanın modern çağda zanaatkârın rolünü yeniden tanımlamayı ve insan yaratıcılığı ile teknolojik hassasiyetin güçlü yönlerini bir araya getiren hibrit bir yaklaşım önermeyi amaçlıyor. Bu yaklaşım, benzersiz ve yüksek kaliteli ürünler üretmek için yeni paradigmalar sunarak, zanaat ve teknolojinin alanında gelenek ve yeniliğin uyumlu bir şekilde bir arada var olmasını teşvik ediyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zanaatkârlık, Techne, Episteme, Robotik Üretim, Teknoloji

Kaynakça

• Bar-Sinai, K.L., Alon-Mozes, T., Sprecher, A. (2023). Editing landscapes: Experimental frameworks for territorial-based robotic fabrication. Frontiers of Architectural Research 12, 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2022.06.002
• Bonswetch, T., Kobel, D., Gramazio, F., Kohler, M. (2006). The Informed Wall: applying additive digital fabrication techniques on architecture. In Proceedings of ACADIA 2006: Synthetic Landscapes (pp. 489–495). https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.489
• Brugnaro, G., & Hanna, S. (2019). Adaptive Robotic Carving: Training Methods for the Integration of Material Performances in Timber Manufacturing. In J. Willmann, P. Block, M. Hutter, K. Byrne, & T. Schork (Eds.), Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018. (pp. 336–348). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92294-2_26
• Burden, A., Donovan, J., Caldwell, G., & Belek Fialho Teixeira, M. (2022). Hybrid digital crafts with collaborative robotics. In Proceedings of CAADRIA 2022: Post-Carbon (pp. 21–30). https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.021
• de Beaune, S.A. (2004). The Invention of Technology: Prehistory and Cognition. Current Anthropology 45, 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1086/381045
• Dörfler, K., Ernst, S., Piškorec, L., Willmann, J., Helm, V., Gramazio, F., Kohler, M. (2014). Remote material deposition. In What’s the Matter? Materiality and Materialism at the Age of Computation (pp. 101–117).
• Gil Pérez, M., Zechmeister, C., Kannenberg, F., Mindermann, P., Balangé, L., Guo, Y., Hügle, S., Gienger, A., Forster, D., Bischoff, M., Tarín, C., Middendorf, P., Schwieger, V., Gresser, G.T., Menges, A., Knippers, J., (2022). Computational co-design framework for coreless wound fibre–polymer composite structures. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 9, 310–329. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab081
• Gu, S., & Yuan, P. F. (2024). Research on Autonomous Recognition and Gripping Method for Robotic Fabrication of Heterogeneous Masonry Based on Computer Vision. In Proceeding of Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024). Vol. 1, 127–136. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.127
• Heidegger, M. (1977). The question concerning technology, and other essays. Garland Pub.
• Ingold, T. (2013). Making: anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture. Routledge.
• Knippers, J., La Magna, R., Menges, A., Reichert, S., Schwinn, T., Waimer, F. (2015). ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012: Coreless Filament Winding Based on the Morphological Principles of an Arthropod Exoskeleton. Architectural Design 85, 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1953
• Koslowski, V., Solly, J., Knippers, J. (2017). Structural design methods of component based lattice composites for the Elytra Pavilion. International Ogranisation for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS).
• Liu, Z., Liu, Q., Xu, W., Wang, L., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Robot learning towards smart robotic manufacturing: A review. Robotics and ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing, 77, 102360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2022.102360
• Luo, D., Chen, D., Wang, J., Zhu, G., Xu, W., (2020). The smart robot crafting approach to computing materials. Constr Robot 4, 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-020-00040-x
• Luo, J., Mastrokalou, E., Aldabous, R., Aldaboos, S., & Lopez Rodriguez, A. (2023). Fabrication of complex clay structures through an augmented reality assisted platform. Retrieved from http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/Show?caadria2023_362 McCullough, M. (2010). Abstracting craft: The practiced digital hand. In G. Adamson (Ed.), The craft reader (pp. 310–316). Berg Publishers. Mitterberger, D., Dörfler, K., Sandy, T., Salveridou, F., Hutter, M., Gramazio, F., Kohler, M., (2020). Augmented bricklaying: Human–machine interaction for in situ assembly of complex brickwork using objectaware augmented reality. Construction Robotics, 4, 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-020-00035-8
• Pérez, M.G., Zechmeister, C., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2022). Coreless filament-wound structures: Toward performative longspan and sustainable building systems. In Proceedings of International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Annual Symposia (2022), 14 (pp. 1-12).
• Prado, M., Dörstelmann, D., Schwinn, T., La Magna, R., Waimer, F., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2014). Coreless filament-wound structures: Toward performative long-span fiber composite building components. In W. McGee & M. Ponce de Leon (Eds.), Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2014 (pp. 275–289). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04663-1_19
• Risatti, H. (2007). A theory of craft: function and aesthetic expression. University of North Carolina Press.
• Rongen, B., Koslowski, V. (2019). Structural optimization and rationalization of the BUGA fibre composite dome.
• Rongen, B., & Koslowski, V. (2019). Structural design, optimization, and fabrication of the BUGA fibre pavilion. In Proceedings of International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Annual Symposia (2019) (pp. 450–458).
• Rust, R., Gramazio, F., & Kohler, M. (2016). Force adaptive hot-wire cutting: Integrated design, simulation, and fabrication of double-curved surface geometries. In S. Adriaenssens, F. Gramazio, M. Kohler, A. Menges & M. Pauly (Eds.), Advances in Architectural Geometry 2016 (pp. 288–305). vdf. https://doi.org/10.3218/3778-4_20
• Schieber, G., Koslowski, V., Knippers, J., Dörstelmann, M., Prado, M., Vasey, L., Menges, A. (2015). Integrated Design and Fabrication Strategies for Fibrous Structures. In Thomsen, M.R., Tamke, M., Gengnagel, C., Faircloth, B., Scheurer, F. (Eds.), Modelling Behaviour. Springer International Publishing (pp. 237–245). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24208-8_20
• Schlopschnat, C., Gil Pérez, M., Zechmeister, C., Duque Estrada, R., Kannenberg, F., Rinderspacher, K., Knippers, J., Menges, A. (2023). Co-Design of Fibrous Walls for Multi-Story Buildings. In Dörfler, K., Knippers, J., Menges, A., Parascho, S., Pottmann, H., Wortmann, T. (Eds.), Advances in Architectural Geometry 2023 (pp. 235–248). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111162683-018
• Sennett, R. (2008). The craftsman. Yale University Press.
• Sinclair, A., (1995). The technique as a symbol in Late Glacial Europe. World Archaeology 27, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1995.9980292
• Solly, J., Frueh, N., Saffarian, S., Prado, M., Vasey, L., Reist, D., Knippers, J., Menges, A. (2018). ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2016/2017: Integrative design of a composite lattice cantilever. In Proceedings of International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Annual Symposia (2018)– Creativity in Structural Design.
• Tokac, I., Philips, J., Bruyninckx, H., Vande Moere, A. (2021). Fabrication grammars: bridging design and robotics to control emergent material expressions. Construction Robotics 5, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-021-00053-0
• Waimer, F., La Magna, R., Knippers, J. (2013). Integrative numerical techniques for fibre reinforced polymers - forming process and analysis of differentiated anisotropy. OPUS (Online Publications of University Stuttgart). https://doi.org/10.18419/OPUS-103