Birleşmiş Milletler Barışı Koruma Operasyonlarında Sorumlu Geçiş Yaklaşımı: MONUSCO'nun Çekilme Süreci

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) barışı koruma operasyonlarının sonlandırılması, son yıllarda güvenlik, devlet kapasitesi ve ulusal sahiplenmeyi esas alan sorumlu geçiş yaklaşımı doğrultusunda yeniden tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’ndeki BM İstikrar Misyonu’nun (MONUSCO) çekilme sürecinin, BM’nin sorumlu geçiş yaklaşımının temel ilkelerini ne ölçüde karşıladığını incelemektedir. Araştırmada nitel vaka çalışması yöntemi benimsenmiş; çekilme süreci güvenlik koşulları, devlet kapasitesi, ulusal ve yerel sahiplenme ile planlı ve koşullara bağlı geçiş olmak üzere dört temel ölçüt üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, MONUSCO’nun çekilme sürecinin kurumsal düzeyde sorumlu geçiş yaklaşımı doğrultusunda tasarlanmasına rağmen, uygulama sürecinde söz konusu dört ölçütün istenilen düzeyde karşılanamadığını ve bu nedenle geçiş sürecinin öngörüldüğü şekilde ilerlemediğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, başarılı bir çıkış stratejisinin yalnızca iyi tasarlanmış bir geçiş planına değil, güvenlik, devlet kapasitesi ile ulusal ve yerel sahiplenme koşullarının sahada eş zamanlı olarak sağlanmasına bağlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, çekilme sürecinin ev sahibi devletle iş birliği içinde ve sahadaki koşullar dikkate alınarak yürütülmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Birleşmiş Milletler Barışı Koruma
• Çıkış Stratejisi
• Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti
• MONUSCO
• Sorumlu Geçiş.

Responsible Transition in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Withdrawal of MONUSCO

Öz

The termination of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations has increasingly been reframed through the responsible transition approach, emphasizing security, state capacity, and national ownership. This study examines whether the withdrawal of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) meets the principles of the UN’s responsible transition approach. Using a qualitative case study, the withdrawal is assessed against four criteria: security conditions, state capacity, national and local ownership, and a planned and conditions-based transition. Findings show that although MONUSCO’s withdrawal was designed in line with the responsible transition approach, these criteria were not adequately met during implementation, preventing the transition from proceeding as envisaged. The study demonstrates that a successful exit strategy depends on a transition plan and simultaneous security, state capacity, and national and local ownership. Therefore, withdrawal should be conducted with the host state and according to conditions on the ground.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Exit Strategy
• MONUSCO
• Peacekeeping
• Responsible Transition.

Kaynakça

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