Türkiye’de Bölgesel Düzeyde Odaklanılabilecek Sofistike Ürün Gruplarının Belirlenmesi: Sürdürülebilir Cari Açık ve Ekonomik Büyüme İçin Bir Perspektif

Öz

Bu araştırma, ekonominin rekabet edebilirlik dinamiklerini dikkate alarak Türkiye'nin süregelen cari açığını ve bölgesel dengesizliklerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada yüksek cari açık vermeden sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme performansı için Türkiye’nin 26 ekonomik bölgesinin odaklanabileceği sofistike ürün grupları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak bölgelerin ihracatlarının sofistike durumları EXPY yöntemi ile karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Akabinde PRODY endeksi ile sofistike olan ürün grupları belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve bölgelerin ihracatında avantajlı oldukları ürün grupları Simetrik Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük (RSCA) endeksi yardımı ile tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda bölgelerin ihracatlarının sofistike değeri bakımından heterojen oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Örneğin TR41, TR42, TR51, TR52 ve TR83 bölgelerinin ihracatın sofistike değeri bakımından diğer bölgelerden pozitif ayrıştığı; TR32, TR90, TRB1, TRB2 ve TRC3 bölgelerinin negatif ayrıştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan her bölgenin üretim ve ihracat avantajına sahip olduğu birçok sofistike ürün grubunun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum Türkiye’nin daha sofistike bir üretim ve ihracat yapısı için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda her bölgenin odaklanabileceği bu sofistike ürünlerin ihracatını arttıracak bölgesel politikaların uygulanması, Türkiye’nin toplam ihracatının daha sofistike olmasına katkı sunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cari açık
• sofistike ihracat
• EXPY
• PRODY
• bölge.

Identifying Sophisticated Product Groups to Focus on at the Regional Level in Türkiye: A Perspective for Sustainable Current Account Balance and Economic Growth

Öz

This study aims to address Türkiye's persistent current account deficit and regional imbalances by considering the competitiveness dynamics of the economy. The study seeks to identify sophisticated product groups that Türkiye's 26 economic regions could focus on to achieve sustainable economic growth without generating high current account deficits. For this purpose, the sophistication of regional exports was comparatively analyzed using the EXPY method. Subsequently, the PRODY index was used to identify sophisticated product groups, and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index was used to identify product groups in which regions have an export advantage. The analyses revealed that the level of sophistication of regional exports is heterogeneous. For example, it was found that regions such as TR41, TR42, TR51, TR52, and TR83 stand out positively in terms of export sophistication, while regions such as TR32, TR90, TRB1, TRB2, and TRC3 lag behind. Furthermore, the study identified many sophisticated product groups in which each region has a production and export advantage. This finding indicates that Türkiye has significant potential to achieve a more sophisticated production and export structure. In this context, the implementation of regional policies aimed at increasing the export of these sophisticated products for each region would contribute to increasing the sophistication of Türkiye's overall exports.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Current account deficit
• export sophistication
• EXPY
• PRODY
• region.

Kaynakça

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