The Effects of Information Communication Technologies on Human Capital: A Panel Data Analysis

Öz

The transition to the information age with globalization has opened the doors of digital transformation all over the world. In this digital transformation process, each new day corresponds to new information. In addition, the dimensions of communication have started to change with new information. It has become inevitable that such developments in information and communication technologies will have an impact on human development. In this context, the effect of information and communication technologies on human capital in the academic field arouses curiosity. This study aims to investigate the effects of information and communication technologies on human capital with the panel data analysis method. Annual data based on the 2000-2019 period for 10 countries selected among the emerging economies were used in the study. The dependent variable was the human capital index; the control variables were the education index and life expectancy at birth, and the independent variable was the share of information and communication technologies exports in total exports in the study. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that the share of information and communication technologies exports in total exports increased human capital along with the education index and life expectancy at birth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Information Communication Technologies
• Human Capital
• Education Index
• Life Expectancy
• Panel Data Analysis

Kaynakça

1. Aksentyevi’c, N. K., Jezi’c, Z., & Zaninovi’c, P. A. (2021). The effects of information and communication technology (ICT) use on human development-A macroeconomic approach. Economies, 9(3), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030128. google scholar
2. Asongu, S. A., & Le Roux, S. (2017). Enhancing ICT for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 118(C), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.techfore.2017.01.026. google scholar
3. Bahrini, R., & Qaffas, A. A. (2019). Impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developing countries. Economies, 7(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7010021. google scholar
4. Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111. google scholar
5. Farhadi, M., Ismail, R., & Fooladi, M. (2012). Information and communication technology use and economic growth. PLoS ONE, 7(11): e48903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048903. google scholar
6. Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of panel data (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
7. Hodrab, R., Maitah, M., "& Lubos, S. (2016). The effect of information and communication technology on economic growth: Arab world case. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2), 765-775. Retrieved from: https:ZZwww.econjournals.com/index.phpZyefi. google scholar
8. Ishida, H. (2015). The effect of ICT development on economic growth and energy consumption in Japan. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.04.003. google scholar

9. Ketteni, E., Mamuneas, T., & Stengos, T. (2011). The effect of information technology and human capital on economic growth. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 15(5), 595-615. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100510000210. google scholar
10. Kırca, M., & Akkuş, Ö. (2020). Internet usage, economic growth and electricity consumption: The case of EU-15. Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance, 2020, 5(3), 576-594. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.755639. google scholar
11. Moshiri, J. S., & Nikpoor, S. (2010). International ICT spillover. InJ. Steyn & G. Johanson, (Eds.), ICTs and sustainable solutions for the digital divide: Theory and perspectives (pp. 283-296). New York, USA: Information Science Reference. google scholar
12. Niebel, T. (2018). ICT and economic growth-comparing developing, emerging and developed countries. World Development, 104, 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.11.024. google scholar
13. OECD (1996). The knowledge based economy. No. General Distribution OECD/GD(96)102, Paris, France. Retrieved from: https://one.oecd.org/document/OCDE/GD(96)102/en/pdf. google scholar
14. O’Mahony, M., Robinson, C., & Vecchi, M. (2008). The impact of ICT on the demand for skilled labor: A cross-country comparison. Journal of Labor Economics, 15(6), 1435-1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2008.02.001. google scholar
15. Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large hetereogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00692.x. google scholar
16. Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010. google scholar
17. Pohjola, M. (2000). Information technology and economic growth: A cross-country analysis. The United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) Working Papers, No: 173. Retrieved from: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/unuwpaper/wp-2000-173.htm. google scholar
18. Powell, W. W., & Snellman, K. (2004). The knowledge economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037. google scholar
19. Ribeiro, M. J. (2003). Endogenous growth: Analytical review of its generating mechanisms. NIPE Working Papers 4/2003, NIPE-Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. Retrieved from: https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/6968/1/NIPE_WP_4_2003.pdf. google scholar
20. Rostow, W. W. (1960). The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
21. Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926047. google scholar
22. Westerlund, J., & Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.03.003. google scholar
23. Yousefi, A. (2011). The impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developed and developing countries. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 20(6), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2010.544470. google scholar