Sosyolojik Bakış Açısıyla “Engelli” Gençlerin Sosyal Sermayesi Üzerine Kuramsal Bir Çalışma

Öz

Sosyal sermayeye ilişkin birçok tanım ve kavramsallaştırma olmasına rağmen gençlerin ve engeli olan gençlerin sosyal sermayeleri yeterince ilgi görmemiştir. Engeli olan gençler engeli olmayan gençlerle aynı sorunları yaşamakla birlikte toplumsal yaşama dahil olma noktasında daha dezavantajlı konumdadırlar. Bu çalışmada literatürde yapılan çalışmalardan da destek alınarak engeli olan gençlerin sosyal sermayelerine ilişkin kavramsal bir çerçeve sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sosyal sermaye kavramsal boyutlarıyla tartışılmıştır. Engeli olan gençlerin sosyal sermayelerine ilişkin yapılan çalışmalardan hareketle sosyal sermaye çıktıları (birey ve toplum açısından) ve göstergeleri belirlenmiştir. Bireysel çıktıları sosyal ağlarının genişlemesi, refahlarının artması, kimlik ve aidiyetlerinin gelişmesi ve sosyal destektir. Toplumsal çıktılar ise engeli olan gençlerin toplumsal yaşama katılımının artmasıdır. Sosyal sermaye göstergeleri sosyal ağlar, mekâna ve gruba aidiyet, güven, sosyal destek, sosyal dışlanma ve kimlik algılarından oluşmaktadır. Bu gençlerin sosyal sermayeleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde sosyal çevrelerinde aileleri, arkadaşları, bakımlarından sorumlu bireyler ve komşuları ön plandadır. Engeli olan gençlerin sosyal sermayesine ilişkin kavramsal çerçeveyle bu gençlerin dezavantajlı konumlarını daha görünür hale getirmede ve toplumsal yaşama dahil olmalarındaki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bu konudaki çalışmaların ön plana çıkarılmasıyla engeli olan gençlerin sosyal sermayesi, özellikle engellilik sosyolojisi literatürüne katkı sunması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Engelli Gençler
• Sosyal Sermaye
• Sosyal Çevre

A Theoretical Study From the Sociological Perspective on the Social Capital of Youth With Disabilities

Öz

Numerous definitions and conceptualizations of social capital exist; however, adults have received much more attention in terms of social capital than youth and young people with disabilities. Youth with disabilities experience problems identical to their peers without   disabilities but are more disadvantaged with respect to social inclusion. Therefore, this study references the extant literature to present a conceptual framework on the social capital of youth with disabilities. To this end, it presents the conceptual dimensions of social capital to determine the outputs (with respect to the individual and society) and indicators of social capital. Individual outputs include the expansion of social networks, increase of wellbeing, development of identity and belonging, and social support. Social outputs encompass the increased participation of youth with disabilities in social life. Social capital indicators comprise belonging to a place and a group, trust, social support, social exclusion, and identity perceptions in social networks. Family members, close friends, and neighbors appear at the forefront when previously conducted studies are reviewed. The elucidation of the conceptual framework of the social capital of disabled youth can contribute to the sociological literature on disability, making disadvantaged positions and their inclusion in social life more visible. It is important to highlight studies on the social capital of young people with disabilities to encourage more scholars to discuss their inclusion in the social fabric and to add to the literature on the sociology of disability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disabled young people
• social capital
• social environment

Kaynakça

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