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Irak ve Türkiye'de yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler ve iki kültür arasındaki farklılıklar

Yıl 2022, , 133 - 143, 16.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-921122

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Irak ve Türkiye’de yaşayan yaşlıların yaşam kalitelerini, yaşam kaliteleri üzerinde etkili olan sosyo-demografik, sağlık, ekonomik, yaşam tarzı ve dini faktörleri ve kültürler arası farklılıkları belirlemektir.
Çalışma Irak ve Türkiye'de 65 yaş ve üzeri toplam 200 katılımcı ile yüz yüze görüşülerek gerçekleştirildi. WHOQOL-OLD ölçeği kullanıldı. Toplam ölçek puanlarının analizi için tek değişkenli grup sıralama değerleri karşılaştırma testleri kullanıldı.
Ortalama yaşam kalitesi toplam skoru Türkiye'de 77.70 ± 11.40, Irak'ta 65.47 ± 7.20 idi. Irak'ta düşük yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler 85 yaş ve üstü olmak, kadın cinsiyet, bekar olma, düşük eğitim seviyesi, düzenli maaşı bulunmama, yetersiz gelir, kronik hastalık, ilaç kullanımı ve engellilikti. Yüksek yaşam kalitesi üzerinde etkili olan faktörler Irak'ta sağlıklı beslenmek, düzenli yürümek veya egzersiz yapmak, günde beş kez namaz kılmak ve Kuran okumaktı. Türkiye'de yüksek yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler; maaş dışında başka geliri bulunmak, kronik hastalığı bulunmamak, sağlıklı beslenmek, yürümek veya egzersiz yapmak ve Allah'a şükretmekti. QOL, Türkiye'deki yaşlı katılımcılarda Irak'takilere göre daha yüksekti.

Kaynakça

  • Abu, H. O., Ulbricht, C., Ding, E., Allison, J. J., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Goldberg, R. J., & Kiefe, C. I. (2018). Association of religiosity and spirituality with quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Quality of Life Research : An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care andRehabilitation, 27(11), 2777-2797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1906-4 google scholar
  • Ali Alzahrani, H., & Sehlo, M. G. (2013). The impact of religious connectedness on health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 840-850. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10943-011-9529-x google scholar
  • Almeida, B., L., Souza, M., E., B., F., Rocha, F., C., Fernanes, T., F., Evangelista, C., B., & Ribeiro, K., S., M., A. (2020). Quality of life of elderly people who practice physical activities. Cuidado E Fundamental. 12, 432-436. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.8451. google scholar
  • Aydın, S. ve Karaoğlu, L. (2012). Gaziantep il merkezinde yaşayan yaşlıların yaşam kalitesi düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 15(4): 424-433. google scholar
  • Barakovic, S., Barakovic Husic, J., van Hoof, J., Krejcar, O., Maresova, P., Akhtar, Z., & Melero, F. J. (2020). Quality of life framework for personalised ageing: a systematic review of ICT solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082940 google scholar
  • Cruz, J. P., Colet, P. C., Alquwez, N., Inocian, E. P., Al-Otaibi, R. S., & Islam, S. M. (2017). Influence of religiosity and spiritual coping on health-related quality of life in Saudi haemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis, 21(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/ hdi.12441 google scholar
  • De Oliveira, L., Souza, E. C., Rodrigues, R., Fett, C. A., & Piva, A. B. (2019). The effects of physical activity on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in elderly people living in the community. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 41(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0129 google scholar
  • Değer, T., B. (2020). Yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesi ve ölçekleri. D. Say Şahin (Ed) Yaşlanmaya sağlık sosyolojisi perspektifinden multidisipliner yaklaşımlar içinde (s. 313-326). Bursa: Ekin yayınevi, Türkiye google scholar
  • dos Santos Gomes, A. C. M., de Araujo Medeiros, K., Maciel Soares, A. K., Alves Barbosa Costa, R. de R., Leal Vieira, K. F., & Rufino de Lucena, A. L. (2020). Quality of life among elderly participants in social centers: an integrative review. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado E Fundamental, 12(1), 579-585. https://doi.org/0.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.8834 google scholar
  • Edisan, Z. ve Kadıoğlu, F., G. (2011). Sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi ölçekleri: etik açıdan bir değerlendirme. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 19(1), 8-15 google scholar
  • Eser, S., Saatli, G., Eser, E., Baydur, H. ve Fidaner, C. (2010). Yaşlılar için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü yaşam kalitesi modülü WHOQOL-OLD: Türkiye alan çalışması Türkçe sürüm geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik sonuçları. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(1), 37-48. http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com google scholar
  • Ferraz Teston, E., & Silva Marcon, S. (2015). Comparative study of quality of life of elderly living in condominiums versus community dwellers. Investigacion Educacion En Enfermeria, 33(1), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.17533/ udea.iee.v33n1a07 google scholar
  • Gobbens, R. J., & Remmen, R. (2019). The effects of sociodemographic factors on quality of life among people aged 50 years or older are not unequivocal: comparing SF-12, WHOQOL-BREF, and WHOQOL-OLD. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 231-239. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S189560 google scholar
  • Hu, S. X. X., Lei, W., I., Chao, K. K., Hall, B. J., & Chung, S. F. (2016). Common chronic health problems and life satisfaction among Macau elderly people. International Journal of 'Nursing Sciences 3(4), 367-370 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.10.004. google scholar
  • Ju, Y. J., Han, K. T., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. E., Choi, J. W., Hyun, I. S., & Park, E. C. (2017). Quality of life and national pension receipt after retirement among older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(8), 1205-1213. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12846 google scholar
  • Katta, A., Krishna, A., M., B., Anegawa, T., & Munuswamy, S. (2017). Progressive disability in elderly population among tribals of Telangana: a cross sectional study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0600-4 google scholar
  • Khaje-Bishak, Y., Payahoo, L., Pourghasem, B., & Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2014). Assessing the quality of life in elderly people and related factors in Tabriz, Iran. Journal of Caring Sciences, 3(4), 257-263. https://doi. org/10.5681/jcs.2014.028 google scholar
  • Kim, G. M., Hong, M. S., & Noh, W. (2018). Factors affecting the health-related quality of life in community-dwelling elderly people. Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.), 35(6), 482-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/ phn.12530 google scholar
  • Kwon, M., Kim, S. A., & So, W. Y. (2020). Factors influencing the quality of life of Korean elderly women by economic status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 888. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph17030888 google scholar
  • Oztürk, A., Simşek, T. T., Yümin, E. T., Sertel, M. ve Yümin, M. (2011). The relationship between physical, functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among elderly people with a chronic disease. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 53(3), 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.12.011. google scholar
  • Özyurt, B., C., Eser, E., Çoban, G., Akdemir, S., N., Karaca, İ. ve Karakoç, Ö. (2007). Manisa Muradiye bölgesindeki yaşlıların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 10(3), 117-123. google scholar
  • Power, M., Quinn, K., Schmidt, S., & WHOQOL-OLD Group (2005). Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 14(10), 2197-2214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9 google scholar
  • Rezaeipandari, H., Morowatisharifabad, M. A., Mohammadpoorasl, A., & Shaghaghi, A. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the World Health Organization quality of life-old module (WHOQOL-OLD) for Persian-speaking populations. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 67. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01316-0 google scholar
  • Rong, J., Ding, H., Chen, G., Ge, Y., Xie, T., & Meng, N. (2020). Quality of life of rural poor elderly in Anhui, China. Medicine, 99(6), e19105. https: //doi.org/ 10.1097/ MD.0000000000019105 google scholar
  • Rusa, S. G., Peripato, G. I., Pavarini, S. C., Inouye, K., Zazzetta, M. S., & Orlandi, F. (2014). Quality of life/ spirituality, religion and personal beliefs of adult and elderly chronic kidney patients under hemodialysis. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 22(6), 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3595.2495 google scholar
  • Saffari, M., Pakpour, A. H., Naderi, M. K., Koenig, H. G., Baldacchino, D. R., & Piper, C. N. (2013). Spiritual coping, religiosity and quality of life: a study on Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 18(4), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12041 google scholar
  • Sarıkaya, M., Polat, M., Seydel, G. ve Eryılmaz, S. (2018). Yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12 (2):81-89. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ pub/bsd/issue/53467/711631 google scholar
  • Sovariova Soosova, M. (2016). Determinants of quality of life in elderly. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 7(3), 484-493. doi:10.15452/CEJNM.2016.07.0019. google scholar The WHOQOL-OLD Module-Manual. World Health Organization, European Office (Copenhagen), May 2006. google scholar
  • Tsaousis, I., Karademas, E., & Kalatzi, D. (2013) The role of core self-evaluations in the relationship between religious involvement and subjective well-being: a moderated mediation model, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(2), 138-154, doi: 10.1080/13674676.2011.651716 google scholar
  • Van Hoof, J., Beneken Genaamd Kolmer, D. M., de Vlugt, E., & de Vries, S. I. (2019). Quality of life: the interplay between human behaviour, technology and the environment. International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph162451064 google scholar
  • V arela, F. R., Ciconelli, R. M., Campolina, A. G., & Soarez, P. C. (2015). Quality of life evaluation of frail elderly in Campinas, Sâo Paulo. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992), 61(5), 423-430. https://doi. org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.05.423 google scholar
  • Wattanasoei, S., Binson, B., Kumar, R., Somrongthong, R., & Kanchanakhan, N. (2017). Quality of life through listening music among elderly people in semi-urban area, Thailand. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 29(1), 21-25. google scholar
  • Y u, T., Enkh-Amgalan, N., Zorigt, G., Hsu, Y. J., Chen, H. J., & Yang, H. Y. (2019). Gender differences and burden of chronic conditions: impact on quality of life among the elderly in Taiwan. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 31(11), 1625-1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1099-2 google scholar
  • Y uan, Y., Li, J., Jing, Z., Yu, C., Zhao, D., Hao, W., & Zhou, C. (2020). The role of mental health and physical activity in the association between sleep quality and quality of life among rural elderly in China: a moderated mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 273: 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.093 google scholar

Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures

Yıl 2022, , 133 - 143, 16.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-921122

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly living in Iraq and Turkiye and the effect of sociodemographic, health, economic, lifestyle and spiritual factors on the QOL in the elderly cross-culturally. The study was conducted with a total of 200 participants aged ≥65 years in Iraq and Turkiye with face-to-face interviews. The WHOQOL-OLD scale was used. Comparison tests for univariate group rank values were used to compare total scale scores. The mean total score for QOL was 77.70 ± 11.40 in Turkiye, and 65.47 ± 7.20 in Iraq. In Iraq, factors affecting low QOL were age 85 years and older, female gender, being single, low educational level, not having a regular salary, insufficient income, chronic disease, drug use and disability. Factors effective on high QOL were eating healthily, walking or exercising regularly, praying five times a day, and reading the Qur'an in Iraq. Factors affecting high QOL in Turkiye were having another income outside of a salary, not having chronic diseases, having a healthy diet, walking or exercising and thanking God. QOL was higher in older participants in Turkiye than those in Iraq.

Kaynakça

  • Abu, H. O., Ulbricht, C., Ding, E., Allison, J. J., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Goldberg, R. J., & Kiefe, C. I. (2018). Association of religiosity and spirituality with quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Quality of Life Research : An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care andRehabilitation, 27(11), 2777-2797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1906-4 google scholar
  • Ali Alzahrani, H., & Sehlo, M. G. (2013). The impact of religious connectedness on health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 840-850. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10943-011-9529-x google scholar
  • Almeida, B., L., Souza, M., E., B., F., Rocha, F., C., Fernanes, T., F., Evangelista, C., B., & Ribeiro, K., S., M., A. (2020). Quality of life of elderly people who practice physical activities. Cuidado E Fundamental. 12, 432-436. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.8451. google scholar
  • Aydın, S. ve Karaoğlu, L. (2012). Gaziantep il merkezinde yaşayan yaşlıların yaşam kalitesi düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 15(4): 424-433. google scholar
  • Barakovic, S., Barakovic Husic, J., van Hoof, J., Krejcar, O., Maresova, P., Akhtar, Z., & Melero, F. J. (2020). Quality of life framework for personalised ageing: a systematic review of ICT solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082940 google scholar
  • Cruz, J. P., Colet, P. C., Alquwez, N., Inocian, E. P., Al-Otaibi, R. S., & Islam, S. M. (2017). Influence of religiosity and spiritual coping on health-related quality of life in Saudi haemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis, 21(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/ hdi.12441 google scholar
  • De Oliveira, L., Souza, E. C., Rodrigues, R., Fett, C. A., & Piva, A. B. (2019). The effects of physical activity on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in elderly people living in the community. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 41(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0129 google scholar
  • Değer, T., B. (2020). Yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesi ve ölçekleri. D. Say Şahin (Ed) Yaşlanmaya sağlık sosyolojisi perspektifinden multidisipliner yaklaşımlar içinde (s. 313-326). Bursa: Ekin yayınevi, Türkiye google scholar
  • dos Santos Gomes, A. C. M., de Araujo Medeiros, K., Maciel Soares, A. K., Alves Barbosa Costa, R. de R., Leal Vieira, K. F., & Rufino de Lucena, A. L. (2020). Quality of life among elderly participants in social centers: an integrative review. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado E Fundamental, 12(1), 579-585. https://doi.org/0.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.8834 google scholar
  • Edisan, Z. ve Kadıoğlu, F., G. (2011). Sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi ölçekleri: etik açıdan bir değerlendirme. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 19(1), 8-15 google scholar
  • Eser, S., Saatli, G., Eser, E., Baydur, H. ve Fidaner, C. (2010). Yaşlılar için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü yaşam kalitesi modülü WHOQOL-OLD: Türkiye alan çalışması Türkçe sürüm geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik sonuçları. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(1), 37-48. http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com google scholar
  • Ferraz Teston, E., & Silva Marcon, S. (2015). Comparative study of quality of life of elderly living in condominiums versus community dwellers. Investigacion Educacion En Enfermeria, 33(1), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.17533/ udea.iee.v33n1a07 google scholar
  • Gobbens, R. J., & Remmen, R. (2019). The effects of sociodemographic factors on quality of life among people aged 50 years or older are not unequivocal: comparing SF-12, WHOQOL-BREF, and WHOQOL-OLD. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 231-239. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S189560 google scholar
  • Hu, S. X. X., Lei, W., I., Chao, K. K., Hall, B. J., & Chung, S. F. (2016). Common chronic health problems and life satisfaction among Macau elderly people. International Journal of 'Nursing Sciences 3(4), 367-370 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.10.004. google scholar
  • Ju, Y. J., Han, K. T., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. E., Choi, J. W., Hyun, I. S., & Park, E. C. (2017). Quality of life and national pension receipt after retirement among older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(8), 1205-1213. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12846 google scholar
  • Katta, A., Krishna, A., M., B., Anegawa, T., & Munuswamy, S. (2017). Progressive disability in elderly population among tribals of Telangana: a cross sectional study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0600-4 google scholar
  • Khaje-Bishak, Y., Payahoo, L., Pourghasem, B., & Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2014). Assessing the quality of life in elderly people and related factors in Tabriz, Iran. Journal of Caring Sciences, 3(4), 257-263. https://doi. org/10.5681/jcs.2014.028 google scholar
  • Kim, G. M., Hong, M. S., & Noh, W. (2018). Factors affecting the health-related quality of life in community-dwelling elderly people. Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.), 35(6), 482-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/ phn.12530 google scholar
  • Kwon, M., Kim, S. A., & So, W. Y. (2020). Factors influencing the quality of life of Korean elderly women by economic status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 888. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph17030888 google scholar
  • Oztürk, A., Simşek, T. T., Yümin, E. T., Sertel, M. ve Yümin, M. (2011). The relationship between physical, functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among elderly people with a chronic disease. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 53(3), 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.12.011. google scholar
  • Özyurt, B., C., Eser, E., Çoban, G., Akdemir, S., N., Karaca, İ. ve Karakoç, Ö. (2007). Manisa Muradiye bölgesindeki yaşlıların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 10(3), 117-123. google scholar
  • Power, M., Quinn, K., Schmidt, S., & WHOQOL-OLD Group (2005). Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 14(10), 2197-2214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9 google scholar
  • Rezaeipandari, H., Morowatisharifabad, M. A., Mohammadpoorasl, A., & Shaghaghi, A. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the World Health Organization quality of life-old module (WHOQOL-OLD) for Persian-speaking populations. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 67. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01316-0 google scholar
  • Rong, J., Ding, H., Chen, G., Ge, Y., Xie, T., & Meng, N. (2020). Quality of life of rural poor elderly in Anhui, China. Medicine, 99(6), e19105. https: //doi.org/ 10.1097/ MD.0000000000019105 google scholar
  • Rusa, S. G., Peripato, G. I., Pavarini, S. C., Inouye, K., Zazzetta, M. S., & Orlandi, F. (2014). Quality of life/ spirituality, religion and personal beliefs of adult and elderly chronic kidney patients under hemodialysis. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 22(6), 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3595.2495 google scholar
  • Saffari, M., Pakpour, A. H., Naderi, M. K., Koenig, H. G., Baldacchino, D. R., & Piper, C. N. (2013). Spiritual coping, religiosity and quality of life: a study on Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 18(4), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12041 google scholar
  • Sarıkaya, M., Polat, M., Seydel, G. ve Eryılmaz, S. (2018). Yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12 (2):81-89. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ pub/bsd/issue/53467/711631 google scholar
  • Sovariova Soosova, M. (2016). Determinants of quality of life in elderly. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 7(3), 484-493. doi:10.15452/CEJNM.2016.07.0019. google scholar The WHOQOL-OLD Module-Manual. World Health Organization, European Office (Copenhagen), May 2006. google scholar
  • Tsaousis, I., Karademas, E., & Kalatzi, D. (2013) The role of core self-evaluations in the relationship between religious involvement and subjective well-being: a moderated mediation model, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(2), 138-154, doi: 10.1080/13674676.2011.651716 google scholar
  • Van Hoof, J., Beneken Genaamd Kolmer, D. M., de Vlugt, E., & de Vries, S. I. (2019). Quality of life: the interplay between human behaviour, technology and the environment. International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph162451064 google scholar
  • V arela, F. R., Ciconelli, R. M., Campolina, A. G., & Soarez, P. C. (2015). Quality of life evaluation of frail elderly in Campinas, Sâo Paulo. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992), 61(5), 423-430. https://doi. org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.05.423 google scholar
  • Wattanasoei, S., Binson, B., Kumar, R., Somrongthong, R., & Kanchanakhan, N. (2017). Quality of life through listening music among elderly people in semi-urban area, Thailand. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 29(1), 21-25. google scholar
  • Y u, T., Enkh-Amgalan, N., Zorigt, G., Hsu, Y. J., Chen, H. J., & Yang, H. Y. (2019). Gender differences and burden of chronic conditions: impact on quality of life among the elderly in Taiwan. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 31(11), 1625-1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1099-2 google scholar
  • Y uan, Y., Li, J., Jing, Z., Yu, C., Zhao, D., Hao, W., & Zhou, C. (2020). The role of mental health and physical activity in the association between sleep quality and quality of life among rural elderly in China: a moderated mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 273: 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.093 google scholar
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hatem Al Yasarı 0000-0003-2647-3685

Tahsin Barış Değer 0000-0002-4231-0782

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Al Yasarı, H., & Değer, T. B. (2023). Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(66), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-921122
AMA Al Yasarı H, Değer TB. Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. Ocak 2023;(66):133-143. doi:10.26650/JECS2021-921122
Chicago Al Yasarı, Hatem, ve Tahsin Barış Değer. “Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 66 (Ocak 2023): 133-43. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-921122.
EndNote Al Yasarı H, Değer TB (01 Ocak 2023) Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 66 133–143.
IEEE H. Al Yasarı ve T. B. Değer, “Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 66, ss. 133–143, Ocak 2023, doi: 10.26650/JECS2021-921122.
ISNAD Al Yasarı, Hatem - Değer, Tahsin Barış. “Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 66 (Ocak 2023), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-921122.
JAMA Al Yasarı H, Değer TB. Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2023;:133–143.
MLA Al Yasarı, Hatem ve Tahsin Barış Değer. “Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 66, 2023, ss. 133-4, doi:10.26650/JECS2021-921122.
Vancouver Al Yasarı H, Değer TB. Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Iraq and Turkiye and Differences Between the Two Cultures. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2023(66):133-4.