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Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 61, 355 - 369, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057

Öz

İktisadi kalkınma ve toplumsal gelişmeye katkıları sebebiyle akademik çalışmaların ilgi odağına yerleşen sosyal girişimcilik, toplumsal sorunlara yenilikçi ve derinlikli çözüm üretme amacıyla girişimcilik ilkelerini ve tekniklerini kullanmayı ifade etmektedir. Öncelikle toplumsal refah üretimi tartışmasında merkezi yönetimin yanında gönülü ve özel sektörü de birer aktör olarak öne çıkaran sosyal politika yaklaşımıyla sosyal girişimcilik bir ilgi uyandırmıştır. Daha sonra ise Köylü Bankası modeliyle Muhammed Yunus ve Özel Mülkiyet modeliyle Elinor Ostrom’un sosyal girişimcilik alanında kazandıkları Nobel ödülleri olguya önemli bir ün kazandırmıştır. Ortaya çıktığı düzlem ve izlediği yöntem sebebiyle daha çok işletme disiplinine konu olan sosyal girişimcilik, eklemli yapısının etkisiyle diğer disiplinler tarafından da ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede ise sosyal girişimcilik, sosyoloji disiplini çerçevesinde ele alınarak ihmal edilen toplumsal boyuta katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Nitekim sosyal girişimciliğin ürettiği yeni yaklaşımı kullanarak sorunlara çözüm aradığı toplumsal alan başlıca sosyolojik ilgiyi gerektirirken, eylemin konu olduğu insan unsuru ve sosyal girişim eylemine kaynaklık eden misyon da sosyolojik açıdan önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda da literatüre dayanan ve betimleyici bir yaklaşım kullanan çalışmada sonuç olarak, sosyal girişimciliğin taşıdığı sosyal misyon, ürettiği sosyal sermaye, gerçekleştirdiği toplumsal değişim ve oluşturduğu toplumsal hareket yönüyle sosyolojik olma imkanı ortaya konulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 260–282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886304266847
  • Arpacı, I. ve Karakılçık, Y. (2009, Ekim). Sosyal girişimcilik karşısında sosyal devleti yeniden düşünmek: Girişim sosyalleşirken a-sosyalleşen “devlet”. VI. Uluslararası STK’lar Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale
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  • Austin, J. E., Stevenson, H. H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practise, 30(1), 1–22. Erişim adresi: http://www.scielo. br/pdf/rausp/v47n3/03.pdf
  • Berzin, S. C. (2012). Where is social work in the social entrepreneurship movement?. Social Work, 57(2), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.20.1.189
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  • Brinckerhoff, P. C. (2000). Social entrepreneurship: The art of mission-based venture development. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Castells, M. (2013). İsyan ve umut ağları: İnternet çağında toplumsal hareketler. (E. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Chell, E. (2007). Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process. International Small Business Journal, 25(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607071779
  • Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2439-6
  • Coser, L. (2013). Sosyolojik düşüncenin ustaları: Tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlamda fikirler. (H. Hülür, S. Toker ve İ. Mazman, Çev.). 2. Basım, Ankara: De ki Basım Yayım Ltd. Şti.
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Social Entrepreneurship From Sociological Perspective

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 61, 355 - 369, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057

Öz

Social entrepreneurship, which has become the focus of academic studies due to its contribution to economic progress and social development, refers to the implementation of entrepreneurship principles and techniques in order to produce innovative and deep solutions to social problems. Initially, social entrepreneurship aroused an interest in the social welfare production debate with the social policy approach which is supported by both voluntary and private sectors as well as the central government. Subsequently, Muhammed Yunus and Elinor Ostrom won Nobel Prizes in the field of social entrepreneurship, and this gave social entrepreneurship a greater reputation in academia. Social entrepreneurship, which is one of the most crucial aspects within the business discipline due to the field in which it occurs and the method it follows, also interacts with other disciplines with the effect of articulated structure. The purpose of this article is to show how social entrepreneurship contributes to the neglected social dimension in terms of sociological discipline. The study, which uses a descriptive approach and is based on the literature, also demonstrates a result in line with its purpose, namely the possibility of being sociological by way of the social mission which social entrepreneurship carries, the social capital it produces, the social change it brings forth, and the social movement it creates.

Kaynakça

  • Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 260–282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886304266847
  • Arpacı, I. ve Karakılçık, Y. (2009, Ekim). Sosyal girişimcilik karşısında sosyal devleti yeniden düşünmek: Girişim sosyalleşirken a-sosyalleşen “devlet”. VI. Uluslararası STK’lar Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale
  • Arslantürk, Z., ve Amman, M. T. (2000). Sosyoloji: Kavramlar, kurumlar, süreçler, teoriler. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Aslan, G., Araza, A. ve Bulut, Ç. (2012). Sosyal girişimciliğin kavramsal çerçevesi. Girişimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi, 7(2), 69–88.
  • Austin, J. E., Stevenson, H. H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practise, 30(1), 1–22. Erişim adresi: http://www.scielo. br/pdf/rausp/v47n3/03.pdf
  • Berzin, S. C. (2012). Where is social work in the social entrepreneurship movement?. Social Work, 57(2), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.20.1.189
  • Besler, S. (2010). Sosyal girişimcilik. S. Besler (Ed.), Sosyal girişimcilik kitabı içinde (s. 3–28). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Bloom, P. N., & Chatterji, A. K. (2009). Scaling social entrepreneurship impact. California Management Review, 51(3), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166496
  • Borins, S. (2000). Loose cannons and rule breakers, or enterprising leaders? Some evidence about innovative public managers. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00113
  • Bornstein, D. (2007). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bornstein, D., & Davis, S. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: What everyone needs to know?. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brinckerhoff, P. C. (2000). Social entrepreneurship: The art of mission-based venture development. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Castells, M. (2013). İsyan ve umut ağları: İnternet çağında toplumsal hareketler. (E. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Chell, E. (2007). Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process. International Small Business Journal, 25(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607071779
  • Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2439-6
  • Coser, L. (2013). Sosyolojik düşüncenin ustaları: Tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlamda fikirler. (H. Hülür, S. Toker ve İ. Mazman, Çev.). 2. Basım, Ankara: De ki Basım Yayım Ltd. Şti.
  • Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.24.3.37
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  • Dees, J. G. (2012). A tale of two cultures: Charity, problem solving, and the future of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1412-5
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  • İçli, G. E. ve Anıl, N. K. (2016). Sosyal franchising: Bir sosyal girişimcilik yöntemi. İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi
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  • Kırılmaz, K. S. (2014). Sosyal girişimcilik boyutlarına kuramsal bir bakış. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 55–74.
  • Kunduracı, N. F. (2010, Ekim). Yoksullukla mücadele kalkınma ilişkisinde sosyal sermayenin rolü. Uluslararası Yoksullukla Mücadele Stratejileri Sempozyumu: Deneyimler ve Fikirler’inde sunulan bildiri, İstanbul.
  • Layder, D. (2010). Sosyal teoriye giriş. (Ü. Tatlıcan, Çev.). 3. Basım, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.
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  • Marshall, G. (2009). Sosyoloji sözlüğü. (O. Akın ve D. Kömürcü, Çev.). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Marshall, R. S. (2011). Conceptualizing the international for-profit social entrepreneur. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0545-7
  • Martin, R. L., & Osberg, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: The case for definition. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 5(2), 28–39. Erişim adresi: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/social_entrepreneurship_the_case_for_definition
  • McBrearty, S. (2007). Social enterprise: a solution for the voluntary sector?. Social Enterprise Journal, 3(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/17508610780000722
  • McKenny, A. F. (2014). Research in social entrepreneurship: An annotated bibliography. In J. B. Short (Ed.), Social entrepreneurship and research methods (pp. 265–293). U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Mort, G. S, Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K. (2003). Social entrepreneurship: Towards conceptualisation. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/ nvsm.202
  • Murphy, P. J., & Coombes, S. M. (2009). A model of social entrepreneurial discovery. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9921-y
  • Nandan, M., & Scott, P. A. (2013). Social entrepreneurship and social work: The need for a transdisciplinary educational model. Administration in Social Work, 37(3), 257–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643107.2012.684428
  • Neck, H., Brush, C., & Allen, E. (2009). The landscape of social entrepreneurship. Business Horizons, 52(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.09.002
  • Özdevecioğlu, M. ve Cingöz, A. (2009). Sosyal girişimcilik ve sosyal girişimciler: Teorik çerçeve. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 81–95.
  • Parker Harris, S., Renko, M., & Caldwell, K. (2014). Social entrepreneurship as an employment pathway for people with disabilities: exploring political–economic and socio-cultural factors. Disability & Society, 29(8), 1275– 1290. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2014.924904
  • Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.007
  • Quarter, J., Ryan, S., & Chan, A. (Eds.). (2014). Social purpose enterprises: Case studies for social change. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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  • Sastre-Castillo, M. A., Peris-Ortiz, M., & Danvila-Del Valle, I. (2015). What is different about the profile of the social entrepreneur?. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 25(4), 349–369. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21138
  • Shapiro, R. A. (Ed.). (2012). The real problem solvers: Social entrepreneurs in America. California: Stanford University Press.
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  • Tan, W. L., Williams, J., & Tan, T. M. (2005). Defining the ‘social’in ‘social entrepreneurship’: Altruism and entrepreneurship. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(3), 353–365. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11365-005-2600-x
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  • Touraine, A. (2007). Bugünün dünyasını anlamak için yeni bir paradigma. (O. Kunal, Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
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  • Vasi, I. B. (2009). New heroes, old theories? Toward a sociological perspective on social entrepreneurship. An introduction to social entrepreneurship, 155–173. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848446229
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  • Weber, M. (1999). Protestan ahlakı ve kapitalizmin ruhu. (Z. Gürata, Çev.). 2. Basım, Ankara: Ayraç Yayınevi.
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  • Williams, D. A., & Kadamawe, A. K. (2012). The dark side of social entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 16 (1), 63–75. Erişim adresi: https://www.abacademies.org/articles/ijevol16no12012. pdf#page=71
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Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Derleme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Murat Şentürk 0000-0002-9628-6300

Enver Mengü Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6871-688X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Şentürk, M., & Mengü, E. (2020). Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(61), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057
AMA Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. Haziran 2020;(61):355-369. doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0057
Chicago Şentürk, Murat, ve Enver Mengü. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61 (Haziran 2020): 355-69. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
EndNote Şentürk M, Mengü E (01 Haziran 2020) Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 61 355–369.
IEEE M. Şentürk ve E. Mengü, “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61, ss. 355–369, Haziran 2020, doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
ISNAD Şentürk, Murat - Mengü, Enver. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 61 (Haziran 2020), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
JAMA Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2020;:355–369.
MLA Şentürk, Murat ve Enver Mengü. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61, 2020, ss. 355-69, doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
Vancouver Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2020(61):355-69.