İktisadi kalkınma ve toplumsal gelişmeye katkıları sebebiyle akademik çalışmaların ilgi odağına yerleşen sosyal girişimcilik, toplumsal sorunlara yenilikçi ve derinlikli çözüm üretme amacıyla girişimcilik ilkelerini ve tekniklerini kullanmayı ifade etmektedir. Öncelikle toplumsal refah üretimi tartışmasında merkezi yönetimin yanında gönülü ve özel sektörü de birer aktör olarak öne çıkaran sosyal politika yaklaşımıyla sosyal girişimcilik bir ilgi uyandırmıştır. Daha sonra ise Köylü Bankası modeliyle Muhammed Yunus ve Özel Mülkiyet modeliyle Elinor Ostrom’un sosyal girişimcilik alanında kazandıkları Nobel ödülleri olguya önemli bir ün kazandırmıştır. Ortaya çıktığı düzlem ve izlediği yöntem sebebiyle daha çok işletme disiplinine konu olan sosyal girişimcilik, eklemli yapısının etkisiyle diğer disiplinler tarafından da ele alınmaktadır. Bu makalede ise sosyal girişimcilik, sosyoloji disiplini çerçevesinde ele alınarak ihmal edilen toplumsal boyuta katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Nitekim sosyal girişimciliğin ürettiği yeni yaklaşımı kullanarak sorunlara çözüm aradığı toplumsal alan başlıca sosyolojik ilgiyi gerektirirken, eylemin konu olduğu insan unsuru ve sosyal girişim eylemine kaynaklık eden misyon da sosyolojik açıdan önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda da literatüre dayanan ve betimleyici bir yaklaşım kullanan çalışmada sonuç olarak, sosyal girişimciliğin taşıdığı sosyal misyon, ürettiği sosyal sermaye, gerçekleştirdiği toplumsal değişim ve oluşturduğu toplumsal hareket yönüyle sosyolojik olma imkanı ortaya konulmuştur.
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Social Entrepreneurship From Sociological Perspective
Social entrepreneurship, which has become the focus of academic studies due to its contribution to economic progress and social development, refers to the implementation of entrepreneurship principles and techniques in order to produce innovative and deep solutions to social problems. Initially, social entrepreneurship aroused an interest in the social welfare production debate with the social policy approach which is supported by both voluntary and private sectors as well as the central government. Subsequently, Muhammed Yunus and Elinor Ostrom won Nobel Prizes in the field of social entrepreneurship, and this gave social entrepreneurship a greater reputation in academia. Social entrepreneurship, which is one of the most crucial aspects within the business discipline due to the field in which it occurs and the method it follows, also interacts with other disciplines with the effect of articulated structure. The purpose of this article is to show how social entrepreneurship contributes to the neglected social dimension in terms of sociological discipline. The study, which uses a descriptive approach and is based on the literature, also demonstrates a result in line with its purpose, namely the possibility of being sociological by way of the social mission which social entrepreneurship carries, the social capital it produces, the social change it brings forth, and the social movement it creates.
Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 260–282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886304266847
Arpacı, I. ve Karakılçık, Y. (2009, Ekim). Sosyal girişimcilik karşısında sosyal devleti yeniden düşünmek: Girişim sosyalleşirken a-sosyalleşen “devlet”. VI. Uluslararası STK’lar Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale
Arslantürk, Z., ve Amman, M. T. (2000). Sosyoloji: Kavramlar, kurumlar, süreçler, teoriler. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Aslan, G., Araza, A. ve Bulut, Ç. (2012). Sosyal girişimciliğin kavramsal çerçevesi. Girişimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi, 7(2), 69–88.
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Berzin, S. C. (2012). Where is social work in the social entrepreneurship movement?. Social Work, 57(2), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.20.1.189
Besler, S. (2010). Sosyal girişimcilik. S. Besler (Ed.), Sosyal girişimcilik kitabı içinde (s. 3–28). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
Bloom, P. N., & Chatterji, A. K. (2009). Scaling social entrepreneurship impact. California Management Review, 51(3), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166496
Borins, S. (2000). Loose cannons and rule breakers, or enterprising leaders? Some evidence about innovative public managers. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00113
Bornstein, D. (2007). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bornstein, D., & Davis, S. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: What everyone needs to know?. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brinckerhoff, P. C. (2000). Social entrepreneurship: The art of mission-based venture development. John Wiley and Sons.
Castells, M. (2013). İsyan ve umut ağları: İnternet çağında toplumsal hareketler. (E. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Chell, E. (2007). Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process. International Small Business Journal, 25(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607071779
Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2439-6
Coser, L. (2013). Sosyolojik düşüncenin ustaları: Tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlamda fikirler. (H. Hülür, S. Toker ve İ. Mazman, Çev.). 2. Basım, Ankara: De ki Basım Yayım Ltd. Şti.
Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.24.3.37
Dayar, H., Özçelik, Ö. ve Altun, A. (2009, Ekim). Devlet girişimlerinin özelleştirilmesi, Türkiye ve Dünya deneyimleri. VI. Uluslararası STK’lar Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale
Dees, J. G. (2012). A tale of two cultures: Charity, problem solving, and the future of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1412-5
Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2010). Conceptions of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and divergences. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 32–53. https://doi. org/10.1080/19420670903442053
Degli Antoni, G. D. (2016). The emergence of social enterprises through the initiative of self-organized citizens: an analysis starting from Olson’s approach to the logic of collective action. International Review of Sociology, 26(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2016.1148335
Denizalp, H. (2009). Toplumsal dönüşüm için sosyal girişimcilik rehberi. Ankara: Sivil Toplum Geliştirme Merkezi Yayını.
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Şentürk, M., & Mengü, E. (2020). Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(61), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057
AMA
Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. Haziran 2020;(61):355-369. doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0057
Chicago
Şentürk, Murat, ve Enver Mengü. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61 (Haziran 2020): 355-69. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
EndNote
Şentürk M, Mengü E (01 Haziran 2020) Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 61 355–369.
IEEE
M. Şentürk ve E. Mengü, “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61, ss. 355–369, Haziran 2020, doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
ISNAD
Şentürk, Murat - Mengü, Enver. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 61 (Haziran 2020), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
JAMA
Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2020;:355–369.
MLA
Şentürk, Murat ve Enver Mengü. “Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 61, 2020, ss. 355-69, doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0057.
Vancouver
Şentürk M, Mengü E. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sosyal Girişimcilik. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2020(61):355-69.