THE INFLUENCE Of SAFETY CULTURE ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITALITY

Abstract

Creating a healthy and safe working environment is a basic function of organizations in order to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases and to benefit from human resources effectively. In this context, the concept of safety culture, which aims to minimize unsafe behaviors as the main cause of work accidents and is defined as the perceptions, beliefs and attitudes of employees towards occupational safety, is of critical importance. In this study, it has been tried to determine the effect of safety culture perceptions of employees on their job performance and the mediating role of safety performance in this relationship in hospitalty in the field of tourism as a labor-intensive sector In the research, which was designed in quantitative method and descriptive survey design, the 0data collected from 384 people working in hospitalty by survey method were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling. According to the findings of the research, it has been determined that the positive safety culture perception to be created in the hospitalty would positively affect the work performance of the employees and that the safety performance had a full mediator role in this relationship. This research shows that; efforts to improve safety culture in hospitalty will serve to increase not only safe behavior but also the work performance of employees.

Keywords

• Safety Performance
• Job Performance
• Hospitalty
• Safety Culture, Safety Performance, Job Performance, Hospitalty

KONAKLAMA SEKTÖRÜNDE GÜVENLİK KÜLTÜRÜNÜN İŞ PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ VE GÜVENLİK PERFORMANSININ ARACILIK ROLÜ

Öz

Sağlıklı ve güvenli bir çalışma ortamı yaratmak, hem iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarını önlemek, hem de insan kaynağından etkin bir şekilde yararlanabilmek adına örgütlerin temel bir işlevidir. Bu kapsamda iş kazalarının ana nedeni olarak güvensiz davranışları minimize etmeyi hedefleyen ve çalışanların iş güvenliğine yönelik algı, inanç ve tutumları olarak tanımlanan güvenlik kültürü kavramı kritik bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı emek yoğun bir sektör olarak turizm alanında faaliyet gösteren konaklama işletmelerinde çalışanların, güvenlik kültürü algılarının iş performansları üzerindeki etkisi ve bu ilişkide güvenlik performansının aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Nicel yöntemde ve betimsel tarama (survey) deseninde tasarlanan araştırmada konaklama işletmelerinde çalışan 384 kişiden anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre konaklama işletmelerinde pozitif güvenlik kültürü algısının, çalışanların iş performanslarını pozitif yönde etkileyeceği ve güvenlik performansının da bu ilişkide tam aracı rolüne sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma göstermektedir ki; konaklama işletmelerinde güvenlik kültürünü geliştirmeye yönelik çabalar sadece güvenli davranışı değil, çalışanların iş performanslarını da arttırmaya hizmet edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenlik Kültürü
• Güvenlik Performansı
• İş Performansı
• Konaklama Sektörü

Kaynakça

1. Abunawwas, O. (2018). The Impact Of Applyıng Occupatıonal Safety And Health Systems On Employees' Performance. Journal Of Human Development And Education For Specialized Research (Jhdesr) Vo: 4, No: 2, 2018.
2. Adjotor, F. N. (2013). Effects Of Occupational Safety And Health On Labour Productivity: A Case Study Of Some Selected Firms İn The Greater Accra Region Of Ghana (Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Ghana).
3. Akdoğan A. ve Polatcı S. (2013) Psikolojik Sermayenin Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde İş Aile Yayılımı Ve Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17(1): 273-293.
4. Aksoy, M. (2020). Algılanan Müşteri Katılımının Çalışanların İş Davranışları Ve İletişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, Bandırma.
5. Alipoor, H., Ahmadi, K., Pouya, S., Ahmadi, K., & Mowlaie, S. (2017). The Effect Of Organizational Structure On Employees' Job Performance İn Private Hospitals Of Ahvaz. Journal Of Ecophysiology And Occupational Health, 17(3-4), 119-123.
6. Alshibly, H. H. (2015). Investigating Decision Support System (Dss) Success: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal Of Business Studies Quarterly, 6(4), 56.
7. Altun, K. M. (2018). Çalışma Yaşamında İş Stresinin Çalışanların Kişilik Özellikleri Ve İş Performansı İle İlişkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa
8. Antonsen, S. (2009). Safety Culture And The İssue Of Power. Safety Science, 47(2), 183-191.

9. Archer, S. K., & Fain, S. L. (2020). Managing Human Factors. Safety Management Systems: Applications For The Aviation Industry, 95.
10. Arpat, B. (2015). İş Güvenliği Kültürünün İş Kazalarına Etkileri: Metal Sektörü-Denzili İli Örneği.
11. Asamani, L. (2020). Promote Safety Culture And Enhance Safety Performance Through Safety Behaviour. European Journal Of Business And Management Research, 5(4).Bağcı, Z. (2014). Çalışanların İş Doyumunun Görev Ve Bağlamsal Performansları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24, 58-72 Doi: Http://Dx.Doi.Org /10.11611/Jmer534 58
12. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction İn Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, And Statistical Considerations. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
13. Bornran, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Atpanding The Miterim Domain To İnclude Elements Of Contextual Performance. In N. Sctunitt & W. C. Borman @Ds.), Personality Selection (Pp. 71-98) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
14. Buck, M.A. (2011). Proactive Personality And Big Five Traits İn Supervisors And Workgroup Members: Effects On Safety Climate And Safety Motivation. Doctor Of Philosophy, Portland State University.
15. Candy, C. (2021). Best Practıce Of Enterprıse Rısk Management: The Impact On Rurals’bank Performance. International Journal Of Economics, Business And Accounting Research (Ijebar), 5(2).
16. Casillas, A., Robbins, S., Mckinniss, T., Postlethwaite, B., & Oh, I. (2009). Using Narrow Facets Of An İntegrity Test To Predict Safety: A Test Validation Study. International Journal Of Selection And Assessment, 17, 119–125.
17. Cheung, C. M., Yunusa-Kaltungo, A., Ejohwomu, O., & Zhang, R. P. (2019). Learning From Failures (Lff): A Multi-Level Conceptual Model For Changing Safety Culture İn The Nigerian Construction İndustry. In Construction Health And Safety İn Developing Countries (Pp. 205-217). Routledge.
18. Choudhry, R.M.; Fang, D. ve Mohamed, S. (2007), “The Nature Of Safety Culture: A Survey Of The State-Of-The-Art”, Safety Science, 45, 993–1012.
19. Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards A Model Of Safety Culture. Safety Science, 36(2), 111-136. Cornelissen, P.A., Hoof, J.J., Jong, M.D., 2017. Determinants Of Safety Outcomes And Performance: A Systematic Literature Review Of Research İn Four High-Risk İndustries. J. Saf. Res. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jsr.2017.06.009.
20. Çasgem. (2017), Türkiye’de İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Algısı. Ankara: Çalışma Ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim Ve Araştırma Merkezi
21. Çetinsöz, B. C., & Akdağ, G. (2015). Otel Çalışanlarının Sahip Oldukları Kişilik Özellikleri Ve İş Performansı İlişkileri: Antalya’da Faaliyet Gösteren Beş Yıldızlı Otellerde Bir Uygulama. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 2(1), 1-13.
22. Della, R. H., Lirn, T. C., & Shang, K. C. (2020). The Study Of Safety Behavior İn Ferry Transport. Safety Science, 131, 104912.
23. Doyle, P. (2009). Value-Based Marketing: Marketing Strategies For Corporate Growth And Shareholder Value. John Wiley & Sons.
24. Drew, E. N. (2014). Personnel Selection , Safety Performance , And Job Performance : Are Safe Workers Better Workers ?, 1–137.
25. Dursun, S. (2011), “Güvenlik Kültürünün Güvenlik Performansı Üzerine Etkisine Yönelik Bir Uygulama”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yönetim ve Çalışma Psikolojisi Bilim Dalı, Bursa
26. Dursun, S. (2013). İş Güvenliği Kültürünün Çalışanların Güvenli Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 3(2), 61-75. Eroğluer, K. &Yılmaz, Ö.(2015). “Etik Liderlik Davranışlarının Algılanan Örgüt İklimi Üzerine Etkisine Yönelik Bir Uygulama: İş Yaşamında Yalnızlık Duygusunun Aracılık Etkisi, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 1, Ss. 280-308.
27. Fang, D., Zhao, C., And Zhang, M. (2016). "A Cognitive Model Of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors.” Journal Of Construction Engineering And Management, 04016039.
28. Fogaça, N., Rego, M. C. B., Melo, M. C. C., Armond, L. P., & Coelho Jr, F. A. (2018). Job Performance Analysis: Scientific Studies İn The Main Journals Of Management And Psychology From 2006 To 2015. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 30(4), 231-247. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables And Measurement Error: Algebra And Statistics.
29. Froko, I. U. F., Maxwell, A., & Kingsley, N. (2015). The İmpact Of Safety Climate On Safety Performance İn A Gold Mining Company İn Ghana. International Journal Of Management Excellence, 5(1), 556-566.
30. Gilboa, S., Shirom, A., Fried, Y., & Cooper, C. (2008). A Meta‐Analysis Of Work Demand Stressors And Job Performance: Examining Main And Moderating Effects. Personnel Psychology, 61(2), 227-271.
31. Gołembski, M., Sobański, P., & Wojtkowiak, G. (2016). Employee Motivations İn Maintaining Occupational Health And Safety (Ohs) Compliance: Research On Nine Construction Firms İn Poland. Global Management Journal, 8.
32. Gong, Z., Chen, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). The İnfluence Of Emotional İntelligence On Job Burnout And Job Performance: Mediating Effect Of Psychological Capital. Frontiers İn Psychology, 10, 2707.
33. Goris, J. R. (2007). Effects Of Satisfaction With Communication On The Relationship Between İndividual‐Job Congruence And Job Performance/Satisfaction. Journal Of Management Development.
34. Griffin M.A. Ve Neal, A. (2000), “Perceptions Of Safety At Work: A Framework For Linking Safety Climate To Safety Performance, Knowledge, And Motivation”, Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 347–358.
35. Griffin M.A. Ve Neal, A. (2000), “Perceptions Of Safety At Work: A Framework For Linking Safety Climate To Safety Performance, Knowledge, And Motivation”, Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 347–358.
36. Guo, M., Liu, S., Chu, F., Ye, L., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Supervisory And Coworker Support For Safety: Buffers Between Job İnsecurity And Safety Performance Of High-Speed Railway Drivers İn China. Safety Science, 117, 290-298.
37. Gülşen, B. Y. C. (2020). Akademisyenlerde Yetenek Yönetimi İş Motivasyonu Ve İş Performansı İlişkisinin İncelenmesi (Doctoral Dissertation, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
38. Gürbüz, H., & İbrakovic, H. (2017). İşletmelerde İş Güvenliği, Güvenlik Performansı Ve İş Güvenliği Kültürü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(11), 442-469.
39. Gürbüz, S., Ve Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
40. Hafeez, M., Rashed, M., Hussain, A., Javed, A., Tunio, M. K., & Rusool, M. M. (2021). Effects Of Safety Climate On Safety Performance With Moderating Roles Of Safety Knowledge: Evidence From Pakistan’s Textile Industry. International Transaction Journal Of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12(1), 12a1q-1.
41. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Pls-Sem): An Emerging Tool İn Business Research. European Business Review.
42. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Advanced İssues İn Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Sage Publications.
43. Hale, A. R., & Hovden, J. (1998). Management And Culture: The Third Age Of Safety. A Review Of Approaches To Organizational Aspects Of Safety, Health And Environment. Occupational İnjury, 145-182.
44. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion For Assessing Discriminant Validity İn Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135.
45. Hu, S. H., Wang, T., Ramalho, N. C., Zhou, D., Hu, X., & Zhao, H. (2021). Relationship Between Patient Safety Culture And Safety Performance İn Nursing: The Role Of Safety Behaviour. International Journal Of Nursing Practice, E12937.
46. Hussein, A. (2009). The Occupational & Safety Health Management & Workers Productivity: The Relationship & Effect A Survey Study. Tikrit Journal For Administrative And Economic Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 16, P.70-93. International Labour Organization (ILO). 2020. ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the World of Work. 3rd ed. Geneva.
47. Jazayeri, E., & Dadi, G. B. (2017). Construction Safety Management Systems And Methods Of Safety Performance Measurement: A Review. Journal Of Safety Engineering, 6(2), 15-28.
48. Kalteh, H. O., Mortazavi, S. B., Mohammadi, E., & Salesi, M. (2021). The Relationship Between Safety Culture And Safety Climate And Safety Performance: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Occupational Safety And Ergonomics, 27(1), 206-216.
49. Karaman, R. (2009). İşletmelerde Performans Ölçümünün Önemi Ve Modern Bir Performans Ölçme Araci Olarak Balanced Scorecard. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(16), 410-427.
50. Katsuro, P., Gadzirayi, C. and Mupararano, S. (2010). Impact Of Occupational Health And Safety On Worker Productivity: A Case Of Zimbabwe Food İndustry. African Journal Of Business Management 4(13).
51. Kayabaşı, Ç., (2019), Sağlık Çalışanlarında Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Tatmini Ve İş Performansı İlişkisinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Devlet Hastanesi Örneği, (Doktora Tezi, Ankara Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara) Kheni, N; Gibb, A.G.F. & Dainty, A.R.J., (2010). Health And Safety Management Within Smes İn Developing Countries: A Study Of Contextual İnfluences; Asce Journal Of Construction Engineering And Management, Vol. 136, Issue 10, Pp1104-1115
52. Khurosani, A., & Peranginangin, J. (2021). Developing A Safety Performance Model Through Mediation Of Safety Behavior. Calitatea, 22(181), 7-11.
53. Kirwan, B., & Shorrock, S. T. (2018). A View From Elsewhere: Safety Culture İn European Air Traffic Management. In Patient Safety Culture (Pp. 349-370). Crc Press.
54. Kuo, N.-T., Chang, K.-C., Cheng, Y.-S.And Lai, C.-H. (2013). How Service Quality Affects Customer Loyalty In The Travel Agency: The Effects Of Customer Satisfaction, Service Recovery, And Perceived Value. Asia Pacific Journal Of Tourism Research, 18, 803-822.
55. Laurent, J., Chmiel, N., & Hansez, I. (2020). Personality And Safety Citizenship: The Role Of Safety Motivation And Safety Knowledge. Heliyon, 6(1), E03201
56. Legge, E. L., Wystrach, A., Spetch, M. L., & Cheng, K. (2014). Combining Sky And Earth: Desert Ants (Melophorus Bagoti) Show Weighted İntegration Of Celestial And Terrestrial Cues. Journal Of Experimental Biology, 217(23), 4159–4166.
57. Lingard, H., & Wakefield, R. (2019). Integrating Work Health And Safety İnto Construction Project Management. John Wiley & Sons.
58. Lu, Y., Taksa, L., & Jia, H. (2020). Influence Of Management Practices On Safety Performance: The Case Of Mining Sector İn China. Safety Science, 132, 104947.
59. Macleod, F., & Richardson, S. (2018). Piper Alpha What Have We Learned. Loss Prevent. Bull, 261, 3-9.
60. Mafini, C. (2015). Investigating Antecedent Factors To Job Performance: Contemporary Evidence From Government Supply Management Professionals. Acta Commercii, 15(1), 1-11.
61. Martínez-Córcoles, M., Gracia, F. J., & Peiró, J. M. (2018). Human Safety Performance İn High Reliability Organizations: The Case Of The Nuclear İndustry. Papeles Del Psicologo, 39, 183-190
62. Mccloy, R. A., Campbell, J. P., & Cudeck, R. (1994). A Confirmatory Test Of A Model Of Performance Determinants. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 493.
63. Mearns, Kathryn; Flin, R.; Gordon, R. Ve Fleming, M. (1998), “Measuring Safety Climate On Offshore Installations”, Work And Stress, 12(3), 230-254.
64. Moon, T. W., Youn, N., Hur, W. M., & Kim, K. M. (2020). Does Employees’ Spirituality Enhance Job Performance? The Mediating Roles Of İntrinsic Motivation And Job Crafting. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1618-1634.
65. Morrow Sl, Kenneth Koves Gk, Barnes Ve., (2014). Exploring The Relationship Between Safety Culture And Safety Performance İn U.S. Nuclear Power Operations. Saf Sci. ;69:37–47. Doi:10.1016/J.Ssci.2014.02.022.
66. Neal, Andrew; Griffin, M.A. Ve Hart, P.M. (2000), The İmpact Of Organizational Climate On Safety Climate And İndividual Behavior”, Safety Science, 34, 99–109
67. Njihia, E., Nzulwa, J., & Kwena, R. (2017). Influence Of Occupational Safety And Health On Employee Productivity İn The Manufacturing Sector İn Kenya. The Strategic Journal Of Business & Change Management, 4(4), 555-571.
68. Osman, A., Khalid, K., & Alfqeeh, F. M. (2019). Exploring The Role Of Safety Culture Factors Towards Safety Behaviour İn Small-Medium Enterprise. International Journal Of Entrepreneurship, 23(3), 1-11.
69. Othman, F., Wang, Y., & Hussain, F. (2018, October). The Effect Of Fines Migration During Co2 Injection Using Pore Scale Characterization. In Spe Asia Pacific Oil And Gas Conference And Exhibition. Onepetro.
70. Ören, K. Ve Er, M. (2016) Güvenlik İkliminin Güvenlik Performansına Etkisi. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek Ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(13), 48-66.
71. Özdemir, Ş., & Topçuoğlu, H. (2009). İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Performans Ölçümü Ve İzleme. Engineer & The Machinery Magazine, (59).
72. Özgenel, M. (2019). An Antecedent Of Teacher Performance: Occupational Commitment. International Journal Of Eurasian Education And Culture, 7, 100-126.
73. Özkan, Y., & Arpat, B. (2017). Bazı Çalışma İlişkisi Değişkenlerinin Güvenlik Kültürü Üzerine Etkisi: Denizli İli–Metal Sektörü Örneği. Siyaset, Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 123-140.
74. Öztürk, İ., & Bolcan, A. E. (2019). İş Güvenliği İkliminin İşgören Memnuniyetine Etkisi: İstanbul’da Farklı Tehlike Grubuna Ait İşletmeler Arasında Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 17-32.
75. Patankar, M. S., & Sabin, E. J. (2010). The Safety Culture Perspective. In Human Factors İn Aviation (Pp. 95-122). Academic Press.
76. Peranginangin, J., & Kusumawardhani, A. (2018). Islamic Relationship Value, Adaptive Selling, And, Relationship Quality Effect To Salesforce Performance. Journal Of Business And Retail Management Research, 12(4).
77. Pradhan, S. And Pradhan, R.K. (2015), “An Empirical İnvestigation Of Relationship Among Transformational Leadership, Affective Organizational Commitment And Contextual Performance”, Vision: The Journal Of Business Perspective, Vol. 19 No. 3, Pp. 227-235.
78. Ringle, C., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2015). Structural Equation Modeling With The Smartpls. Bido, D., Da Silva, D., & Ringle, C.(2014). Structural Equation Modeling With The Smartpls. Brazilian Journal Of Marketing, 13(2).
79. Ryan, Alan (2000), “Shaping A Safety Culture”, Http://Www.Qrc.Org.Au/Conference/_Dbase_Upl/2000_Spk036_Ryan.Pdf. (04.02.2011). Sciarelli, M., Gheith, M. H., & Tani, M. (2020). The Relationship Between Soft And Hard Quality Management Practices, İnnovation And Organizational Performance İn Higher Education. The Tqm Journal.
80. Serdar, Ç. Ö. P., & Doğanay, A. (2020). Algılanan Liderlik İletişiminin İş Performansı Ve İş Tatminine Etkisi: 4 Ve 5 Yıldızlı Otel Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 34-49.
81. Shırsavar, H. A., Gılanınıa, S., And Almanı, A. M. (2012). A Study Of Factors Influencing Positive Word Of Mouth İn The Iranian Banking Industry. Middle-East Journal Of Scientific Research, 11(4), 454-460.
82. Singh, K., & Misra, M. (2021). Linking Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) And Organizational Performance: The Moderating Effect Of Corporate Reputation. European Research On Management And Business Economics, 27(1), 100139.
83. Sultana, S., Andersen, B. S., & Haugen, S. (2019). Identifying Safety İndicators For Safety Performance Measurement Using A System Engineering Approach. Process Safety And Environmental Protection, 128, 107-120.
84. Swuste, P., Van Gulijk, C., Groeneweg, J., Zwaard, W., Lemkowitz, S., & Guldenmund, F. (2020). From Clapham Junction To Macondo, Deepwater Horizon: Risk And Safety Management İn High-Tech-High-Hazard Sectors: A Review Of English And Dutch Literature: 1988–2010. Safety Science, 121, 249-282.
85. Toklu, A.T. (2016). Çalışanlarda İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Uygulamalarının Örgütsel Bağlılık, İşe Yabancılaşma Ve İş Performansına Olan Etkisinin İncelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gebze.
86. Tong, R., Yang, X., Parker, T., Zhang, B., & Wang, Q. (2020). Exploration Of Relationships Between Safety Performance And Unsafe Behavior İn The Chinese Oil İndustry. Journal Of Loss Prevention İn The Process İndustries, 66, 104167.
87. Wong, K. K. K. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Pls-Sem) Techniques Using Smartpls. Marketing Bulletin, 24(1), 1-32.
88. Yilmaz, H., & Karahan, A. (2010). Liderlik Davranışı, Örgütsel Yaratıcılık Ve İşgören Performansı Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi: Uşak’ta Bir Araştırma. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 145-158.
89. Yung-Hsiang C.,(2011). Safety Culture, Safety Behavior And Safety Performance İn Railway Companies. Proceedings Of The 9th World Congress On Railway Research (Wcrr); May 22–26; Lille, France.
90. Zohar, D., And Hofmann, D. (2012).“Organizational Culture And Climate,” İn Steve J. Kozlowski, Eds.,The Oxford Handbook Of Organizational Psychology, New York: Oxford University Press, Vol. 1, 2012, Pp. 643–666.