Evaluation of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Stress Levels of Dentistry Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 22, 85 - 97, 25.07.2022

Didem Özkal Eminoğlu , Tuğba Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.879958

Öz

Covid-19, which threatens human health worldwide, affects people not only emotionally, but also by exposing them to necessary changes in their social behaviors and lifestyles. Psychological health and daily life habits have been transformed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Closure of universities, suspension of clinical training, and transition to online education are likely to affect students negatively. This paper focuses on the stress levels and daily lifestyle changes of students because of the pandemic. A total of 601 participants of dentistry faculty, including 402 preclinical (PC) and 199 intorn (INT) students, filled an online survey questionnaire including sociodemographic data form, “Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)” form, and “Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)” form. IBM SPSS version 25.0. program was used for statistical analyses. HPLP-II and PSS-10 mean scores of PC and INT students were found as moderate. It was determined that variables as gender, educational grade, financial status, living with a relative who is at risk of contracting COVID-19 or having a relative who has the disease caused difference in HPLP-II and PSS-10 total mean score and the average score in the majority of subscales. The current study's findings reveal that COVID-19 pandemic has devastating effects on students' stress levels and lifestyle routines. It is vital to provide services to individuals in order to sustain healthy lifestyle behaviors in order to protect communal health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, dentistry

Kaynakça

• Adams, Z.W., Sumner, J.A., Danielson, C.K., McCauley, J.L., Resnick, H.S., Grös, K., Paul, L.A., Welsh, K.E., & Ruggiero, K.J. (2014). Prevalence and predictors of PTSD and depression among adolescent victims of the Spring 2011 tornado outbreak. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 55 (9): 1047-55. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12220
• Al‐Kandari, F., & Vidal VL. (2007). Correlation of the health‐promoting lifestyle, enrollment level, and academic performance of College of Nursing students in Kuwait. Nursing & health sciences, 9 (2): 112-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00311.x
• Alçın, S., & Güner, B. (2015). Orta gelir tuzaği: Türkiye üzerine bir değerlendirme. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 37(1), 27-45. doi: 10.14780/iibd.66467
• Arpaci, I., Karataş. K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 110108. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
• Alpar, Ş.E., Şenturan, L., Karabacak, Ü., & Sabuncu N. (2008). Change in the health promoting lifestyle behaviour of Turkish University nursing students from beginning to end of nurse training. Nurse Education in Practice, 8 (6): 382-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2008.03.010
• Arpağ, O., Adigüzel, M., & Öztürk C. (2020). Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin sağlikli yaşam biçimi davranişlarinin değerlendirilmesi (Evaluatıon of healthy lıfestyle behavıours of dental students). Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi (J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni) , 30 (2): 233-41. doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.690713
• Bahar, Z., Beşer, A., Gördes, N., Ersin, F., & Kıssal, A. (2008). Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeği II’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Healthy Life Style Behavior Scale II:A Reliability And Validity Study). Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi (Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing), 12 (1): 1-13.
• Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
• Balanzá–Martínez, V., Atienza–Carbonell, B., Kapczinski, F., & De Boni, R.B. (2020). Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19–time to connect. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 141: 399–400. doi: 10.1111/acps.13177
• Boon, S.D., & Yoshimura, S.M. (2020). Revenge as social interaction: Merging social psychological and interpersonal communication approaches to the study of vengeful behavior. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14 (9): e12554. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12554
• Breslau, J., Finucane, M.L., Locker, A.R., Baird, M.D., Roth, E.A., & Collins, R.L. (2021). A longitudinal study of psychological distress in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive medicine, 143, 106362. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106362
• Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
• Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G.E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 298 (14): 1685-1687. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.14.1685
• Çalışkan, C., Arberk, K., & Üner, S. (2017). Healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32 (S1): S213-S. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X17005544
• Dong, E., Hongru, D., & Lauren G. (2020). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. The Lancet infectious diseases 20(5): 533-34. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1
• Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013, October). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51 (3): 132-140.
• Gebo, K.A., Keruly, J., & Moore, R.D. (2003). Association of social stress, illicit drug use, and health beliefs with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. Journal of general internal medicine, 18(2): 104-11.
• Gore, M.N., Menon, K.C., Safai, A.A., Shukla, S., & Yeravdekar, R. (2020). Determinants of health-promoting lifestyles amongst Indian University students. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. Research Square, 1-10. doi: 10.1080/14635240.2020.1726202
• Gottschalk, M.G., Domschke, K., & Schiele, M.A. (2020). Epigenetics underlying susceptibility and resilience relating to daily life stress, work stress, and socioeconomic status. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11: 163. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00163
• Holden, C.L., Rollins, P., & Gonzalez, M. (2022). Health-Promoting Behaviors, Relationship Satisfaction, and Resilience Among a Community Sample. Contemporary Family Therapy, 1-11. doi: 0.1007/s10591-021-09624-3
• Hoying, J., Melnyk, B.M., Hutson, E., & Tan, A. (2020). Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Healthy Beliefs, and Lifestyle Behaviors in First‐Year Graduate Health Sciences Students. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 17 (1): 49-59. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12415
• Https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans.php?y=101410012. (2022)
• Huang F, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Du W, Su C, Jia X, Ouyang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, L., Jiang, H., & Zhang, B. (2020). Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in a community sample of Chinese. BMC psychiatry, 20 (1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02520-4
• Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştirma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (Scientific research method: Concepts, principles, techniques). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
• Loh, L.C., Ali, A.M., Ang, T.H., & Chelliah, A. (2005). Impact of a spreading epidemic on medical students. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, 12 (2): 43-49.
• Manjula Bai, H. (2020). The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review. ComFin Research, 8 (4): 8–17. doi: 10.34293/ commerce.v8i4.3293
• Mansor, A.Z. (2012). Google docs as a collaborating tool for academicians. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59: 411 – 419. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.295
• McKee, M., & Stuckler, D. (2020). If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future. Nature Medicine, 26 (5): 640-2. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0863-y
• Mocny-Pachońska, K., Doniec, R., Trzcionka, A., Pachoński, M., Piaseczna, N., Sieciński, S., Osadcha, O., Łanowy, P., & Tanasiewicz, M. (2020). Evaluating the stress-response of dental students to the dental school environment. PeerJ, 8: e8981. DOİ:10.7717/peerj.8981
• Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A., (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51: 102076. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
• Nacar, M., Baykan, Z., Cetinkaya, F., Özer, A., Karaoğlu, N., & Yılmaze, G. (2014). Health promoting lifestyle behaviour in medical students: a multicentre study from Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15 (20): 8969-8974. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8969
• O’Connor, D.B., Gartland, N., & O’Connor, RC. (2020). Stress, cortisol and suicide risk. International review of neurobiology, 152: 101-30. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.11.006
• Onaemo, V.N., Fawehinmi, T.O., & D’Arcy, C. (2020). Alcohol Use Disorder and the Persistence/Recurrence of Major Depression. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 65 (9). doi: 10.1177/0706743720923065
• Organization WH. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world: World Health Organization; Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 İGO; 2019.
• Özdede, M., & Sahin, S. (2020). Views and anxiety levels of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Stomatology, 73 (3): 123-8. doi: 10.5114/jos.2020.96867
• Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66 (5): 504–511. doi: 10.1177/0020764020927051
• Özgan, H., Balkar, B., & Eskil, M. (2008). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencileri tarafindan sinifta algilanan stres nedenleri ve kişisel değişkenlerin strese olan etkisi (Causes of stress perceived by education faculty students in the classroom and the effect of personal variables on stress). Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), 7 (24): 337-50.
• Roberti, J.W., Harrington, L.N., & Storch, E.A. (2006). Further psychometric support for the 10‐item version of the perceived stress scale. Journal of College Counseling, 9 (2): 135-47. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00100.x
• Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health, 16 (1): 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
• Smith, T., Johns‐Wolfe, E., Shields, G.S., Malat, J., Jacquez, F., & Slavich, G.M. (2020). Associations between lifetime stress exposure and prenatal health behaviors. Stress and Health, 36: 384–395. doi: 10.1002/smi. 2933
• Tan, S.Y., & Yip, A. (2018). Hans Selye (1907–1982): Founder of the stress theory. Singapore medical journal, 59 (4): 170. doi: 10,11622/smedj.2018043
• Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M, & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66 (4): 317-320. doi: 10.1177/0020764020915212
• Walker, S.N., Sechrist, K.R., & Pender, N.J. (1987) The health-promoting lifestyle profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing research, 36 (2): 76–81. doi: 10.1097/00006199-198703000-00002
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., & Ho, R.C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17 (5): 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729
• Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J., & Wei, W. (2020). Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26 (1): 13-22. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817
• Wei, C.N., Harada, K., Ueda, K., Fukumoto, K., Minamoto, K., & Ueda, A. (2012). Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile in Japanese university students. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 17 (3): 222-7. doi: 10.1007/s12199-011-0244-8
• White, H.A. (2022). Need for cognitive closure predicts stress and anxiety of college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 187, 111393. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111393
• Zhou, S.J., Zhang, L.G., Wang, L.L., Guo, Z.C., Wang, J.Q., Chen, J.C., Liu, M., Chen, X., & Chen, J.X. (2020). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29: 749–758. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01541-4