Urbanization and Income Inequality in OECD Countries

Öz

Urbanization nowadays is characterized by rapid growth, technological advancements, and evolving social dynamics. However, the advantages provided by urbanization are not distributed equitably among all segments of society. This leads to increases in income inequality in developing and developed countries. Considering that more than half of the world's population lives in cities, understanding the complex dynamics between urbanization and income inequality is crucial for policymakers aiming to create comprehensive and sustainable development. In this context, the primary objective of the study is to examine the relationship between urbanization and income inequality in OECD countries during the period 2003-2019 using the panel regression method. Driscoll-Kraay fixed effects estimator show that there is a positive relationship between urbanization and income inequality. Findings support Kuznets' (1955) inverted U hypothesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Income Inequality
• Urbanization
• OECD Countries

OECD Ülkelerinde Kentleşme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği

Öz

Günümüzde kentleşme, hızlı büyüme, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve değişen sosyal dinamiklerle karakterize edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kentleşmenin sağladığı avantajlar toplumun tüm kesimleri arasında adil dağılmamaktadır. Bu durum gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ülkelerde gelir eşitsizliğinde artışlara yol açmaktadır. Dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlasının kentlerde yaşadığı dikkate alındığında, kentleşme ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki karmaşık dinamikleri anlamak, kapsamlı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma oluşturmayı amaçlayan politika yapıcılar için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel amacı OECD ülkelerinde 2003-2019 döneminde kentleşme ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkinin panel regresyon yöntemi ile incelenmesidir. Sabit etkili Driscoll-Kraay tahmincisinden elde edilen bulgular, kentleşme ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Kuznets’in (1955) ters U hipotezini desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Kentleşme
• OECD Ülkeleri

Kaynakça

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