Sinerjinin Ötesinde: Kaynak Doygunluğu ve Entelektüel Sermayenin İkame Etkisi Sınır Koşulları Altında Bilgi Yönetiminin Örgütsel İnovasyon Aracılığıyla Örgütsel Etkililik Üzerindeki Azalan Getirisi

Öz

Amaç: Mevcut araştırma, Kaynak Orkestrasyon Teorisi'ne (ROT) dayanarak, bilgi yönetiminin örgütsel inovasyon aracılığıyla örgütsel etkililik üzerindeki etkisinde entelektüel sermayenin üstlendiği koşul rollerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Pozitif sinerjik artış varsayımının ötesine geçen araştırma, entelektüel sermayeye ilişkin kaynak doygunluğu ve ikame etkileri gibi sınır koşullarının, bu dinamikleri farklı sektörlerde nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. Metodoloji: Bu çalışmanın doğası açıklayıcı niteliktedir ve nicel, nedensel-ilişkisel bir araştırma tasarımı aracılığıyla bilgi yönetiminin sınır koşullarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Metodolojik titizliği korumak için hipotezler; firma yaşı, büyüklüğü ve sektörü gibi örgütsel özellikler kontrol edilerek, aracılı-düzenleyici bir çerçeve içerisinde Hayes’ Process Macro (Model 7) kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Model 7, açıklayıcı (bağımsız) değişken ile aracı değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi düzenleyen bir değişken içeren aracılık modelini tahmin etmektedir. Çalışmaya ilişkin veri, 1 Ocak 2024 ile 31 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze anketler yoluyla, olasılıksız yöntemlerden olan kolayda ve kartopu örnekleme teknikleri ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi, çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren firmalarda çalışan 1169 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçları, bilgi yönetiminin örgütsel inovasyonu (β= 0.411, p<0.001) ve örgütsel etkililiği (β= 0.305, p<0.001) olumlu yönde etkilediğini, örgütsel inovasyonun da örgütsel etkililiği (β= 0.672, p<0.001) pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bilgi yönetimi ve örgütsel inovasyon arasındaki ilişkide entelektüel sermaye düzenleyici rol oynamakta (β= -0.130, p <0.001) ve negatif etkileşim terimine sahiptir. Bu sonuç bilgi yönetiminin örgütsel inovasyon üzerinde düşük entelektüel sermayeye sahip firmalarda (Etki= 0.528, 95% [0.451, 0.604]) yüksek entelektüel sermayeli firmalara kıyasla (Etki= 0.293, 95% CI [0.198, 0.389]) daha güçlü bir kaldıraç etkisi yarattığını göstermekte ve azalan marjinal getirilere işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, düzenleyici aracılık indeksinin negatif ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı (indeks= -0.087, (95% CI [-0.128, -0.046]) olması durumu, örgütsel inovasyonun kısmi tamamlayıcı aracı rolünün entelektüel sermaye seviyesine bağlı (koşullu) olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Özellikle, bilgi yönetiminin örgütsel etkililik üzerindeki dolaylı etkisinin, düşük entelektüel sermayeye sahip firmalarda (dolaylı etki = 0.354, %95 CI [0.300, 0.413]), yüksek entelektüel sermayeye sahip firmalara nazaran (dolaylı etki = 0.197, %95 CI [0.120, 0.270]) daha güçlü olduğu, entelektüel sermaye düzeyi arttıkça dolaylı etkinin marjinal getirisinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bilgi yönetimi ve entelektüel sermaye arasında gözlemlenen bu olumsuz bir etkileşim, geleneksel sinerjik tamamlayıcılık varsayımı yerine bir ikame etkisi ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ek olarak, bilgi yönetimi, düşük entelektüel sermaye sahip firmalar için hayati bir telafi mekanizması görevi görmektedir. Bu sonuçların firma yaşı, büyüklüğü ve sektör kontrol edildiğinde de tutarlılığını koruduğu tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05). Orijinallik: Mevcut araştırma, Kaynak Orkestrasyon Teorisi (ROT) sinerjik etki perspektifinin aksine, entelektüel sermayeye bağlı koşullu bir dinamik etkiye işaret ederek genellikle doğrusal ve pozitif kabul edilen entelektüel sermaye, bilgi yönetimi, örgütsel inovasyon ve örgütsel etkililik ilişkisine bir sınır koşulu getirmektedir. Böylece, entelektüel sermayeyi sadece bir kaynak stoğu olarak görmemekte aynı zamanda, bilgi yönetiminin etkinliğini belirleyen bir kaynak doygunluğu eşiği olarak tanımlayarak literatüre özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın bir diğer özgünlüğü, bilgi yönetimi süreçlerinin örgütsel inovasyon ve örgütsel etkililik üzerindeki etkisinin azalan marjinal getiriler ilkesine tabi olduğunu ve yüksek entelektüel sermaye koşullarında, bilgi yönetimi ve entellektüel sermayenin birbirini sinerjik olarak tamamlamak yerine ikame etmeye başladığını vurgulamasıdır. Bu kapsamda araştırma, entelektüel sermaye arttıkça bilgi yönetiminin örgütsel inovasyon ve örgütsel etkililik üzerindeki pozitif etkisinin azaldığını (negatif moderasyon) amprik olarak kanıtlayarak ROT Teorisi’ni zenginleştirmekte ve yöneticiler için kaynak-mekanizma dengesinin önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Metodolojik olarak, mevcut çalışma aracı ve düzenleyici mekanizmalarını sistematik olarak eşzamanlı incelemek için Hayes’in Process Macro (Model 7) kullanarak ve araştırma modelini firma büyüklüğü, yaşı ve sektörü gibi yapısal faktörlerin kontrolü altında test ederek farklılık göstermektedir. Böylece, araştırma bulguların sağlamlığını garanti altına almaktadır. Bu kapsamlı metodoloji, önerilen teorik çerçevenin çeşitli örgütsel bağlamlarda geçerli olduğuna ve belirli firma özelliklerinden bağımsız olarak işlediğine dair kanıt sunmaktadır. Jel Kodları: D83, J240, L25, M12, O31.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• entelektüel sermaye
• bilgi yönetimi
• düzenleyici-aracı model
• örgütsel etkililik
• örgütsel inovasyon

Etik Beyan

Sırnak University Ethics Committee has accepted the survey's ethical compliance, dated January 25, 2022, with the reference number E-74546226-050.03-28186, Decision No: 2022/10.

Beyond Synergy: The Diminishing Returns of Knowledge Management on Effectiveness through Organizational Innovation under Boundary Conditions of Resource Saturation and the Substitution Effect of Intellectual Capital

Öz

Purpose: Drawing upon Resource Orchestration Theory (ROT), the current study aims to investigate the conditional role of intellectual capital in the effect of knowledge management on organizational effectiveness through organizational innovation. Moving beyond the assumption of positive synergistic amplification, this study explores how boundary conditions, including resource saturation and substitution effects of intellectual capital shape these dynamics across diverse sectors. Methodology: The nature of this study is explanatory, aiming to identify the boundary conditions of intellectual capital through a quantitative, causal-relational research design. To retain methodological rigor, hypotheses are conducted by controlling structural characteristics such as firm age, size and sector and were tested by using one of the moderated-mediation models, Hayes Process Macro (Model 7), which estimates a mediation model containing one variable that moderates the nexus between an explanatory (independent) variable and a mediator. The study utilizes software like SPSS 26.00 and AMOS 24.00. The data is collected by using convenience and snowball sampling techniques, non-probability methods, through face-to-face surveys conducted from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. The research sample comprises 1,169 employees from various firms operating in different sectors. Findings: The results indicate that knowledge management positively influences organizational innovation (β=0.411, p<0.001) and organizational effectiveness (β=0.305, p<0.001), and organizational innovation also positively affects organizational effectiveness (β = 0.672, p <0.001). Intellectual capital serves as a moderator role in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation, with a negative interaction term (β =-0.130, p <0.001). This result shows that knowledge management exerts a stronger leverage on organizational innovation in firms with low intellectual capital (Effect= 0.528, 95% [0.451, 0.604]), compared to those with high intellectual capital (Effect= 0.293, 95% CI [0.198, 0.389]), points out diminishing marginal returns. Furthermore, the moderated mediation index is negative and significant (index= -0.087, (95% CI [-0.128, -0.046]). The index of moderated mediation confirms that the partial complementary mediating role of organizational innovation is conditional on the level of intellectual capital. In particular, the indirect effect of knowledge management on organizational effectiveness is found to be stronger in firms with low intellectual capital (indirect effect= 0.354, 95% CI [0.300, 0.413]), compared to those with high intellectual capital level (indirect effect = 0.197, 95% CI [0.120, 0.270]), and this indirect effect diminishes as intellectual capital stocks increase (diminishing marginal returns). This observed negative interaction between knowledge management and intellectual capital has revealed a substitution effect rather than the traditional synergistic complementary assumption. Additionally, knowledge management acts as a vital compensatory mechanism for firms with low intellectual capital. These results remain robust across diverse organizational contexts after controlling for firm age, size, and sector (p>0.05). Originality: In contrast to the synergistic perspective of Resource Orchestration Theory (ROT), the current research introduces a boundary condition on the generally linear and positive nexus between intellectual capital, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational effectiveness, by pointing toward a conditional dynamic effect dependent on intellectual capital. Thus, the study provides a novel contribution to literature by viewing intellectual capital not merely as a resource stock but also defining it as a resource saturation threshold that determines the effectiveness of knowledge management. Another novelty of the research is its emphasis that the impact of knowledge management processes on organizational innovation and effectiveness is subject to the principle of diminishing marginal returns, highlighting that at high levels of intellectual capital, knowledge management and intellectual capital begin to substitute for one another rather than acting as complements synergistically. In this vein, the research enriches ROT by empirically proving that as intellectual capital increases, the positive impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation and effectiveness diminishes (negative moderation), thereby drawing attention to the vital importance of the resource-mechanism balance for managers. Methodologically, this study differentiates itself by utilizing Hayes’ Process Macro Model 7 to concurrently assess mediation and moderation mechanisms by systematically testing the research model under the control of structural factors including firm size, age, and sector. Thus, the research ensures the robustness of the findings. This comprehensive methodology provides evidence that the proposed theoretical framework is valid across various organizational contexts and operates independently of particular firm characteristics. Jel Codes: D83, J240, L25, M12, O31.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• intellectual capital
• knowledge management
• moderated-mediation
• organizational effectiveness
• organizational innovation

Etik Beyan

Sırnak University Ethics Committee has accepted the survey's ethical compliance, dated January 25, 2022, with the reference number E-74546226-050.03-28186, Decision No: 2022/10.

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