Port Innovations and Information Systems: A Research on Turkish Ports

Öz

This study aims to identify the port innovations adopted and to reveal the effects of port information systems usage on port innovations. In accordance with the aim, a field study encompassing a sample of 39 Turkish ports was employed. The results showed that since the usage of port management information systems and terminal operating systems by Turkish ports has been accelerated in the recent years, the renewal of port information systems did not appear as a priority for the ports. The results revealed that port innovations employed are concentrated on eco-innovations, technological equipment innovations and port service innovations. Results supported all of the five hypotheses. An important finding was that port traffic type impacts the adoption of port innovations. Besides, it has been found out that while the usage of terminal operating systems has impacts on operational process innovations; the usage of port community information systems has effects on port service innovations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Port Innovation,Eco-innovation,Port Management Information System,Terminal Operations System,Port Community Information System.

Liman İnovasyonları ve Bilgi Sistemleri: Türkiye Limanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu çalışma ile limanlarda uygulanan inovasyonların belirlenmesi ve liman bilgi sistemlerinin kullanımının liman inovasyonları üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’deki 39 limanı örneklem olarak alan bir saha araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Türkiye limanlarında özellikle liman yönetim bilgi sistemi ve terminal işletim sistemlerinin kullanımının arttığı, ancak bilgi sistemlerinin yenilenmesinin bir öncelik olarak ortaya çıkmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen liman inovasyonlarının ise daha çok eko-inovasyonlar, ekipman teknolojilerindeki ve liman hizmetlerindeki inovasyonlarda yoğunlaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Geliştirilen beş hipotezin tamamı desteklenmiştir. Liman trafik türünün gerçekleştirilen liman inovasyonlarında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, terminal işletim sistemlerinin kullanımının operasyonel süreçlerdeki inovasyonlarda, liman topluluğu bilgi sistemlerinin ise liman hizmet inovasyonlarında önemli etkilerinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Liman inovasyonu, Eko-inovasyon, Liman Yönetim Bilgi Sistemi, Terminal İşletim Sistemi, Liman Topluluğu Bilgi Sistemi.

Kaynakça

1. Acciaro, M., Thierry Vanelslander, Christa Sys, Claudio Ferrari, Athena Roumboutsos, Genevieve Giuliano, Jasmine Lam, Seraphim Kapros (2014), “Environmental sustainability in seaports: a framework for successful innovation”, Maritime Policy & Management, 41(5), 480-500.
2. Airriess, C.A. (2001), “Regional production, information-communication technology, ans the developmental state: the rise of Singapore as a global container hub”, Geoforum, 32, 235-554.
3. Arduino, G., Raimonds Aronietis, Yves Crozet, Koos Frouws, Claudio Ferrari, Laurent Guihéry, Seraphim Kapros, Ioanna Kourounioti, Florent Laroche, Maria Lambrou, Michael Lloyd, Amalia Polydoropoulou, Athena Roumboutsos, Eddy Van de Voorde, Thierry Vanelslander (2013), “How to turn an innovative concept into a success? An application to seaport-related innovation”, Research in Transportation Economics, 42, 97-107.
4. Aydoğdu, Y.V., Selim Aksoy (2013), “A study on quantitative benefits of port community systems”, Maritime Policy & Management, (ahead-of-print), 1-10. Bagchi, P.K., Seung-Kuk Paik, (2001),”The role of public-private partnership in port information systems development”, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 14(6), 482-499.
5. Blanco, B., C. Perez-Labajos, L. Sanchez, A. Serrano, M. Lopez, A. Ortega (2010), “Innovation in Spanish Port Sector”, Journal of Maritime Research, 7(1), 71-86.
6. Cahoon, S., Hilary Pateman, Shu-Ling Chen (2013), “Regional port authorities: leading players in innovation networks?”, Journal of Transport Geography, 27, 66-75.
7. Choi, H.R., Hyun Soo Kim, Byung Joo Park, Nam-Kyu Park, Sang Wan Lee (2003), “An ERP approach for container terminal operating systems”, Maritime Policy & Management, 30(3), 197-210.
8. Covil, C. (2012), “SuPort: Appraising Port Sustainability”, Greening the Research Fleet Workshop, 10-11 January 2012, Durham, http://www.unols.org/meetings/2012/ green_workshop/GW_ap17_SuPort_Arup.pdf (Erişim: 10.09.2014).

9. De Martino, M., Luisa Errichiello, Alessandra Marasco, Alfonso Morvillo (2013), “Logistics innovation in seaports: An inter-organizational perspective”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 3, 123-133.
10. Deniz Ticaret Odası (DTO) (2013). Deniz Sektör Raporu 2012, İstanbul: İstanbul ve Marmara, Ege, Akdeniz, Karadeniz Bölgeleri Deniz Ticaret Odası.
11. Dünya Bankası/World Bank (2007), Port Reform Tookit, Module 2, The Evolution of Ports in a Competitive World Esmer, Soner (2010), Konteyner Terminallerinde Lojistik Süreçlerin Optimizasyonu ve Bir Simulasyon Modeli, İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Yayınları.
12. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. Londra: Sage Publications. Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı (2013). Aylık Faaliyet Raporu Haziran 2013, http:// strateji.gtb.gov.tr/ (Erişim: 15.10.2014).
13. Hall, P.V., Thomas O’Brien, Clarence Woudsma (2013), “Environmental innovation and the role of stakeholder collaboration in West Coast port gateways”, Research in Transportation Economics, 42, 87-96.
14. Karataş Çetin, Çimen (2012), Limanlarda Örgütsel Değişim ve Değer Zinciri Sistemlerinde Etkililik Analizi, İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları.
15. Keçeli, Y., Hyung Rim Choi, Nam Kyu Park (2007), “Analysis of Success Factors of Information Systems Development in Kumport and Implications for Other Turkish Ports”, WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 4(5), 1014- 1047.
16. Keçeli, Y., Hyung Rim Choi (2008), “Level of Information Systems in Turkish Public Ports and Direction of Improvement.” International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 4, 673-691.
17. Keçeli, Y., Hyung Rim Choi, Yoon Sook Cha, Y., Volkan Aydogdu (2008), “A Study on User Acceptance of Port Community Systems”, International Conference on Value Chain Sustainability (ICOVACS 2008), İzmir, Turkey, 12-14 November 2008.
18. Keçeli, Y. (2011), “A Proposed Innovation Strategy for Turkish Port Administration Policy via Information Technology”, Maritime Policy & Management, 38, 151-167.
19. Kia, M., E. Shayan F. Ghotb (2000), “The importance of information technology in port terminal operations”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 30(3/4), 331-344.
20. Martin, J., Brian Thomas (2001), “‘The container terminal community”, Maritime Policy & Management, 28(3), 279-292.
21. OECD & Eurostat (2005), Oslo Manual: Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data, 3rd ed. Paris: OECD Publishing.
22. Olivier, D., Francesco Parola (2007), The Success of Asian Container Port Operators: The Role of Information Technology, Ports, Cities and Global Supply Chains (ss.205-220). Derleyen: J. Wang, D. Olivier, T. Notteboom ve B. Slack. Aldershot: Ashgate.
23. Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Manual. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
24. Park, N. K., H.R. Cho, C.S. Lee, M.H. Kang, J.W. Yang (2005), “Port management information system towards privatization”, Proceedings of IAME 2005 Conference, Limassol, Cyprus, 23-25 June 2005.
25. Partridge, J.E. Lee, T.S.H. Teo, V.K.G. Lim (2000), “Information technology management: the case of the Port of Singapore Authority”, Journal of Strategic Information Systems 9, 85-99.
26. Posti, A., Jani Häkkinen, Ulla Tapaninen (2011), “Promoting information exchange with a port community system-case Finland”, http://www.merikotka. fi/mopo/tiedostot/Posti_Hakkinen_Tapaninen_HICL_2011_MOPO.pdf (Erişim: 25.10.2014).
27. Rodon, J., Juan Ramis-Pujo (2006), “Exploring the Intricacies of Integrating with a Port Community System”, BLED 2006 Proceedings. Paper 9. http://aisel.aisnet.org/ bled2006/9 (Erişim: 20.10.2014).
28. Srour, F.J, Marcel van Oosterhout, Peter van Baalen, Rob Zuidwijk (2007), “Port Community System Implementation: Lessons Learned from an International Scan”, Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting, Washington DC. 2008.
29. Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. 4. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Tsamboulas, D., Panayota Moraiti, Anna M. Lekka (2012), “Port Performance Evaluation for Port Community System Implementation”, Journal of Transportation Research Board, 2273, 29-37.
30. Türklim/Türkiye Liman İşletmecileri Derneği (2010), Türk Limancılık Sektörü Raporu 2010, İstanbul: Atölye.
31. Türklim/Türkiye Liman İşletmecileri Derneği (2013), Türk Limancılık Sektörü Raporu 2013, İstanbul: Atölye.
32. Van den Bosch, F.A.J., Rick Hollen, Henk W. Volberda, Marc G. Baaij (2011), “The strategic value of the Port of Rotterdam for the international competitiveness of the Netherlands: a first exploration”, Rotterdam: Erasmus University