Araştırma Makalesi
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E-Ticaret Lojistiğinde Kargo Şirketlerinin Konumu ve Rekabet Güçlerini Geliştirecek Yenilikçi Çözüm Önerileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 39 - 67, 01.12.2019

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, müşteri memnuniyetini ve kargo firmalarının rekabet güçlerini arttıracak, kentsel lojistik
ilkeleri ile uyumlu çeşitli inovatif önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Yöntem: Kargo sektörünün Türkiye’deki durumu ele alınmış, teknolojik gelişmelerin sektöre getirdiği yenilikçi
çözümler ve iş süreçlerini nasıl etkileyebileceği literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelenmiştir.
Bulgular, Sonuç ve Öneriler: E-ticarette başarı için internetten ürün satışı yeterli değildir, lojistik süreçlerin de
müşteri ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde bireyselleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. E-ticaretin büyümesi ile kargo sektörü
de büyümesini sürdürmektedir. Kargo şirketlerinin başarısı, doğrudan müşteri memnuniyetine etki eden zamanında teslimata bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, teslimat işlemlerinin performansının ve verimliliğinin arttırılması çok önemlidir.
Diğer taraftan, e-ticaret büyümesinin ana bileşenlerinden biri olan kargo teslimatları, kentsel lojistik sorunlarının
artmasıyla gittikçe zorlaşmaktadır. Teslimat sırasında, müşterilerin evde bulunmaması iade süreçlerini ve maliyetleri
arttırırken, müşteri memnuniyetini de negatif etkilemektedir.
Özgün Değer: Kargo dağıtım firmalarına e-ticaret lojistiğinde rekabet güçlerini arttıracak teorik ve pratik öneriler
sunulmasını amaçlayan bir çalışmadır.

Kaynakça

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  • AI, T. J., Kachitvichyanukul, V. (2009), “A particle swarm optimization for the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery”, Computers & Operations Research, 1693-1702.
  • Akbulut, D. (2016), “Türkiye’de Karayoluyla Yapılan Kargo Taşımacılığının Yapısı ve Sektörel Değerlendirmeler”, Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı, Karayolu Düzenleme Genel Müdürlüğü, Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi, Ankara.
  • Akeb, H., Moncef, B., Durand, B. (2018), “Building a collaborative solution in dense urban city settings to enhance parcel delivery: An effective crowd model in Paris”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 119, 223–233.
  • Alumur, S. A., Yaman, H., Kara, B.Y. (2012), “Hierarchical multimodal hub location problem with time-definite deliveries”, Transportation Research Part E, 1107–1120. An, Y., Zhang, Y., Zeng, B. (2015), “The reliable hub-and-spoke design problem: Models and algorithms”, Transportation Research Part B, 103-122.
  • “Online Retail Is Front and Center in the Quest for Growth”, 2013, https:// www.atkearney.com/documents/ 10192/3609951/Online+Retail+Is+Front+and+Center+in+the+Quest+for+Growth.pdf/f6693929-b2d6-459e-afaa-3a892adbf33e, (Access: 10.01.2019).
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  • Balm, S., Browne, M., Leonardi, J. Quak, H. (2014), “Developing an evaluation framework for innovative urban and interurban freight transport solutions”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 386–397.
  • Balseiro, S. R., Loiseau, I., Ramonet, J. (2011), “An ant colony algorithm hybridized with insertion heuristics for the time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows”, Computers & Operations Research, 954-966.
  • Ben-Ayed, O. (2013), “Parcel distribution network design problem”, Operational Research, 211–232.
  • Bianchessi, N., Righini, G. (2007), “Heuristic algorithms for the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery”, Computers & Operations Research, 578- 594.
  • Browne, M., Allen, J., Leonardi, J. (2011), “Evaluating the use of an urban consolidation centre and electric vehicles in central London”, IATSS Research, 35 (1), 1–6.
  • Carbone, V., Rouquet, A., Roussat, C. (2015), “Carried away by the crowd: What types of logistics characterise collaborative consumption?”, 1st International Workshop on Sharing Economy, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 4–5 June 2015.
  • Cárdenas, I., Beckers, J., Vanelslander, T. (2017), “E-commerce last-mile in Belgium: Developing an external cost delivery index”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 24, 123–129.
  • Carotenuto, P., Gastaldi, M., Giordani, S., Rossi, R., Rabachin, A., Salvatore, A. (2018), “Comparison of various urban distribution systems supporting e-commerce. Point-to-point vs. collection-point-based deliveries”, Transportation Research Procedia, 30, 188–196.
  • Conway, A., Fatisson, P., Eickemeyer, P., Cheng, J. Peters, D. (2011), “Urban microconsolidation and last mile goods delivery by freight-tricycle in Manhattan: Opportunities and challenges”, Presented at the Conference Proceedings, Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting 2012.
  • Correia, I., Nickel, S., Saldanha-Da-Gama, F. (2011), “Hub and spoke network design with single-assignment, capacity decisions and balancing requirements”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 4841–4851.
  • De Souza, R., Goh, M., Lau, H.-C., Ng, W.-S., Tan, P.-S. (2014), “Collaborative urban logistics – Synchronizing the last mile a Singapore research perspective”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 422–431.
  • Dell’amico, M., Hadjidimitriou, S. (2012), “Innovative logistics model and containers solution for efficient last mile delivery”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 1505–1514.
  • Devari, A., Nikolaev, A. G., He, Q. (2017), “Crowdsourcing the last mile delivery of online orders by exploiting the social networks of retail store customers”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 105, 105–122.
  • “Nationwide Transport And Delivery Network In Germany, 2018”, 2019, https:// www.dpdhl.com/en/about-us/corporate-divisions/post-ecommerce-parcel.html, (Access: 10.03.2019).
  • Dikmen, O. (2010), “Aras Kargo Ankara bölgesi ana transfer merkezi çizelgelemesi ve araç çıkış zamanları koordinasyonu”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Ducret, R. (2014), “Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe - The French case”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 11, 15–22.
  • Es Yurek, E., Ozmutlu, H. C. (2018), “A decomposition-based iterative optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem with drone”, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 91, 249–262.
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The Status of Cargo Companies in E-Commerce Logıstics & Innovative Solution Proposals to Improve Theır Competitiveness

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 39 - 67, 01.12.2019

Öz

Purpose: This study aims to make innovative suggestions in line with the principles of urban logistics that will
increase customer satisfaction and competitive power of cargo companies.
Methodology: Turkish parcel distribution industry was was discussed and the innovative solutions brought to
the sector by the technological developments and how they can affect the business processes are examined with
the literature review method.
Findings and Practical Implications: In order to achieve success in e-commerce, logistics processes must be
customized to meet customer needs. With the growth of e-commerce, the cargo sector continues to grow. The
success of cargo companies depends on timely delivery which directly affects customer satisfaction. Therefore,
it is very important to improve the performance and efficiency of delivery operations. On the other hand, parcel
deliveries, one of the main components of e-commerce growth, are becoming increasingly difficult as urban
logistics problems increase. At the time of delivery, the absence of customers at home increases the return
processes and costs, and negatively affects customer satisfaction.
Originality: This paper is aimed to provide theoretical and practical suggestions for parcel delivery companies to
improve their competitiveness in e-commerce logistics.

Kaynakça

  • “Fact Sheet: Alibaba’s big sale”, 2015, https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/ir/article?news=p151109, (Access: 10.02.2019.)
  • “Adding value to parcel delivery”, 2015, https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/Accenture/Conversion Assets/DotCom/Documents/Global/PDF/Dualpub_23/Accenture Adding-Value-to-Parcel-Delivery.pdf, (Access: 10.01.2019).
  • AI, T. J., Kachitvichyanukul, V. (2009), “A particle swarm optimization for the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery”, Computers & Operations Research, 1693-1702.
  • Akbulut, D. (2016), “Türkiye’de Karayoluyla Yapılan Kargo Taşımacılığının Yapısı ve Sektörel Değerlendirmeler”, Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı, Karayolu Düzenleme Genel Müdürlüğü, Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi, Ankara.
  • Akeb, H., Moncef, B., Durand, B. (2018), “Building a collaborative solution in dense urban city settings to enhance parcel delivery: An effective crowd model in Paris”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 119, 223–233.
  • Alumur, S. A., Yaman, H., Kara, B.Y. (2012), “Hierarchical multimodal hub location problem with time-definite deliveries”, Transportation Research Part E, 1107–1120. An, Y., Zhang, Y., Zeng, B. (2015), “The reliable hub-and-spoke design problem: Models and algorithms”, Transportation Research Part B, 103-122.
  • “Online Retail Is Front and Center in the Quest for Growth”, 2013, https:// www.atkearney.com/documents/ 10192/3609951/Online+Retail+Is+Front+and+Center+in+the+Quest+for+Growth.pdf/f6693929-b2d6-459e-afaa-3a892adbf33e, (Access: 10.01.2019).
  • Badeau, P., Guertin, F., Gendreau, M., Potvin, J., Taillard, E. (1997), “A parallel tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with time windows”, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 109-122.
  • Balm, S., Browne, M., Leonardi, J. Quak, H. (2014), “Developing an evaluation framework for innovative urban and interurban freight transport solutions”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 386–397.
  • Balseiro, S. R., Loiseau, I., Ramonet, J. (2011), “An ant colony algorithm hybridized with insertion heuristics for the time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows”, Computers & Operations Research, 954-966.
  • Ben-Ayed, O. (2013), “Parcel distribution network design problem”, Operational Research, 211–232.
  • Bianchessi, N., Righini, G. (2007), “Heuristic algorithms for the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery”, Computers & Operations Research, 578- 594.
  • Browne, M., Allen, J., Leonardi, J. (2011), “Evaluating the use of an urban consolidation centre and electric vehicles in central London”, IATSS Research, 35 (1), 1–6.
  • Carbone, V., Rouquet, A., Roussat, C. (2015), “Carried away by the crowd: What types of logistics characterise collaborative consumption?”, 1st International Workshop on Sharing Economy, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 4–5 June 2015.
  • Cárdenas, I., Beckers, J., Vanelslander, T. (2017), “E-commerce last-mile in Belgium: Developing an external cost delivery index”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 24, 123–129.
  • Carotenuto, P., Gastaldi, M., Giordani, S., Rossi, R., Rabachin, A., Salvatore, A. (2018), “Comparison of various urban distribution systems supporting e-commerce. Point-to-point vs. collection-point-based deliveries”, Transportation Research Procedia, 30, 188–196.
  • Conway, A., Fatisson, P., Eickemeyer, P., Cheng, J. Peters, D. (2011), “Urban microconsolidation and last mile goods delivery by freight-tricycle in Manhattan: Opportunities and challenges”, Presented at the Conference Proceedings, Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting 2012.
  • Correia, I., Nickel, S., Saldanha-Da-Gama, F. (2011), “Hub and spoke network design with single-assignment, capacity decisions and balancing requirements”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 4841–4851.
  • De Souza, R., Goh, M., Lau, H.-C., Ng, W.-S., Tan, P.-S. (2014), “Collaborative urban logistics – Synchronizing the last mile a Singapore research perspective”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 422–431.
  • Dell’amico, M., Hadjidimitriou, S. (2012), “Innovative logistics model and containers solution for efficient last mile delivery”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 1505–1514.
  • Devari, A., Nikolaev, A. G., He, Q. (2017), “Crowdsourcing the last mile delivery of online orders by exploiting the social networks of retail store customers”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 105, 105–122.
  • “Nationwide Transport And Delivery Network In Germany, 2018”, 2019, https:// www.dpdhl.com/en/about-us/corporate-divisions/post-ecommerce-parcel.html, (Access: 10.03.2019).
  • Dikmen, O. (2010), “Aras Kargo Ankara bölgesi ana transfer merkezi çizelgelemesi ve araç çıkış zamanları koordinasyonu”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Ducret, R. (2014), “Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe - The French case”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 11, 15–22.
  • Es Yurek, E., Ozmutlu, H. C. (2018), “A decomposition-based iterative optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem with drone”, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 91, 249–262.
  • “E-commerce statistics for individuals”, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache /46776.pdf, (Access: 10.03.2019).
  • “Communication from the commission: A roadmap for completing the single market for parcel delivery build trust in delivery services and encourage online sales”, https:// publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ae1a1486-669d-11e3-ab0f01aa75ed71a1, (Access: 15.01.2019).
  • “FedEx Service Guide 2019”, 2019, https://www.fedex.com/content/dam/fedex/usunited-states/services/ Service_Guide_2019.pdf, (Access: 10.03.2019).
  • Folkert, S., Eichhorn, C. (2007), “Innovative approaches in city logistics: Alternatives solution for home delivery” Policy notes, Niches.
  • “Amazon Ponders Crowdsourcing Deliveries With ‘On My Way’ Program”, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/06/16/amazon-crowd-source, (Access: 15.01.2019).
  • Frederick, S., Lim, W. T., Jin, X., Srai, J. S. (2018), “Consumer-driven e-commerce”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 85(3), 308–332.
  • Gevaers, R., Van De Voorde, E., Vanelslander, T. (2014), “Cost modelling and simulation of last-mile characteristics in an innovative B2C supply chain environment with implications on urban areas and cities”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 398–411.
  • “Commerce”, 2018, https://www.globalwebindex.com/hubfs/Downloads/ Commerce-h2-2018-report.pdf, (Access: 12.01.2019).
  • Gruber, J., Ehrler, V. Lenz, B. (2013), “Technical potential and user requirements for the implementation of electric cargo bikes in courier logistics services”, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Transport Research.
  • Gruber, J., Kihm, A. Lenz, B. (2014), “A new vehicle for urban freight? An ex-ante evaluation of electric cargo bikes in courier services”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 11, 53–62.
  • “Automated Parcel Delivery Terminals Market Worth $1.06 Billion By 2025”, 2017, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-automated-parcel-delivery-terminals-market, (Access: 12.01.2019).
  • İndap, Ş. (2018), “Kentsel lojistik açısından kargo dağıtımı ve İstanbul ili Kadıköy ilçesi için bir vaka çalışması”, Lojistik Dergisi, 46, 24-37.
  • Iwan, S., Kijewska, K., Lemke, J. (2016), “Analysis of parcel lockers’ efficiency as the last mile delivery solution - The results of the research in Poland”, Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 644–655.
  • Joerss, M., Schröder, J., Neuhaus, F., Klink, C., Mann, F. (2016), “Parcel Delivery: The Future Of Last Mile”, https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel%20 transport %20and%20logistics/ our%20insights/how%20customer%20demands%20 are%20reshaping%20last%20mile%20delivery/parcel_delivery_the_future_of_last_mile ashx, (Access:10.01.2019).
  • Johar, F., Potts, C., Bennell, J. (2015), “Solving the time dependent vehicle routing problem by metaheuristic algorithms”, Empowering the Applications of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, 751-757. 2nd Ism International Statistical Conference 2014.
  • Kantarci, Ö., Özalp, M., Sezginsoy, C., Özaşkinli, O., Cavlak, C. (2017), “Dijitalleşen Dünyada Ekonominin İtici Gücü: E-Ticaret”, http://www.eticaretraporu.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/04/TUSIAD_E-Ticaret_Raporu_2017.pdf, (Access: 03.01.2019).
  • Lee, H., Chen, Y., Gillai, B. Rammohan, S. (2016), “Technological Disruption And Innovation In Last-Mile Delivery”, Stanford Value Chain Innovation Initiative”, https:// www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/ publication-pdf/vcii-publication-technological-disruption-innovation-last-mile-delivery.pdf, (Access: 12.01.2019).
  • Lee, J.-H., Moon, I. (2014), “A hybrid hub-and-spoke postal logistics network with realistic restrictions: A case study of Korea Post”, Expert Systems with Applications, 5509– 5519.
  • Lemke J., Iwan S., Korczak J. (2016), “Usability of the parcel lockers from the customer perspective – the research in Polish Cities”, 2nd International Conference Green Cities - Green Logistics for Greener Cities, Szczecin, 272-287.
  • Lenz, B., Riehle, E. (2013), “Bikes for urban freight?”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2379, 39–45.
  • Maes, J., Vanelslander, T. (2012), “The use of bicycle messengers in the logistics chain, concepts further revised”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 39, 409–423.
  • Melo, S., Baptista, P., Costa, A. (2014), “Comparing the use of small sized electric vehicles with diesel vans on city logistics”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111, 350–359.
  • Morganti, E., Seidel, S., Blanquart, C., Dablanc, L., Lenz, B. (2014), “The impact of e-commerce on final delivery: Alternative parcel delivery services in France and Germany”, Transportation Research Procedia, 4, 178-190.
  • Muerza, V., Larrodé, E., Moreno-Jimenez, J. M., Jiménez, A. (2018), “Modelling the problem of parcel distribution in urban environments and analysis of the determining factors”, Transportation Research Procedia, 33, 347–354.
  • “Synthesis of freight research in urban transportation planning”, 2013, https://scholar.google.com/scholar hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Synthesis+of+freight+research+in+urban+transportation+planning&btnG=, (Access: 30.05.2019).
  • Oliveira, L. K. De, Morganti, E., Dablanc, L., Oliveira, R. L. M. De. (2017), “Analysis of the potential demand of automated delivery stations for e-commerce deliveries in Belo Horizonte, Brazil”, Research in Transportation Economics, 65, 34–43.
  • Pan, S., Chen, C., Zhong, R. Y. (2015), “A crowdsourcing solution to flows in metropolitan areas”, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 1984–1989.
  • Quak, H., Balm, S., Posthumus, B. (2012), “Innovative solutions for city logistics demonstration and viability results”, In European transport conference 2012, Glasgow (UK).
  • Rieck, J., Ehrenberg, C., Zimmermann, J. (2014), “Many-to-many location-routing with inter-hub transport and multi-commodity pickup-and-delivery”, European Journal of Operational Research, 863–878.
  • Riehle, E. (2012), “Das Lastenfahrrad als Transportmittel für Städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr”, Master Thesis, Fakultät Raumplanung, TU Dortmund.
  • Russo, F., Comi, A. (2010), “A classification of city logistics measures and connected impacts”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(3), 6355–6365.
  • Russo, F., Comi, A. (2012), “City characteristics and urban goods movements: A way to environmental transportation system in a sustainable city”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 39, 61–73.
  • Savy, M., Burnham, J. (2013), Freight Transport And The Modern Economy, London: Routledge.
  • Saraiva De Camargo, R., De Miranda, G., Løkketangen, A. (2013), “A new formulation and an exact approach for the many-to-many hub location-routing problem”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 7465–7480.
  • Schliwa, G., Armitage, R., Aziz, S., Evans, J. Rhoades, J. (2015), “Sustainable city logistics-making cargo cycles viable for urban freight transport”, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 15, 50-57.
  • Taniguchi, E. (2014), “Concepts of city logistics for sustainable and liveable cities”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 151, 310–317.
  • Taniguchi, E., Thompson, R.G., Yamada, T. (2014), “Recent trends and innovations in modelling city logistics”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 4–14.
  • Tanyaş, M., Sıcakyüz, A., İnaç, H. & Tan B. (2014), İstanbul Lojistik Sektör Analizi Raporu, MÜSİAD, İstanbul.
  • “Kargo sektörü muazzam büyüyecek”, 2017, http://www.tasimadunyasi.com/roportaj/kargo-sektoru-muazzam-buyuyecek-h4056.html, (Access: 11.01.2019).
  • “Connected commerce”, 2018, https://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/dk/docs/connected-commerce-report-2018.pdf, (Access: 29.01.2019).
  • Tipping, A., Kauschke, P. (2016), “Shifting patterns: The future of the logistics industry”, https://www.pwc.com/sg/en/publications/assets/future-of-the-logistics-industry.pdf, (Access: 11.01.2019).
  • Torrentellé M., Tsamboulas D., Moraiti P. (2012), “Elicitation of the good practices on urban freight transport”, http://www.cliege.eu/fileadmin/Media/cliege.eu/Downloads/ D2.1_Elicitation_Good_Practice_ on_UFT.pdf, (Access: 15.01.2019).
  • “Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması”, 18.08.2015, http://www.tuik. gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18660, (Access: 09.01.2019).
  • Van Duin, J. H. R., De Goffau, W., Wiegmans, B., Tavasszy, L. A., Saes, M. (2016),
  • “Improving home delivery efficiency by using principles of address intelligence for B2C deliveries”, Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 14–25.
  • Visser, E.-J., Lanzendorf, M. (2004), “Mobility and accessibility effects of B2C e-commerce: A literature review”, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 95(2), 189–205.
  • Visser, J., Nemoto, T., Browne, M. (2014), “Home delivery and the impacts on urban freight transport: A review”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125, 15–27.
  • Wang X, Zhan L., Ruan J., Zhang J. (2014)., “How to choose last mile delivery modes for e-fulfillment”, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 1-11.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Liu, Q., Shen, F., Hay Lee, L. (2016), “Towards enhancing the last-mile delivery: An effective crowd-tasking model with scalable solutions”, Transportation Research Part E, 93, 279–293.
  • Wasner, M., Zapfel, G. (2004), “An integrated multi-depot hub-location vehicle routing model for network planning of parcel service”, International Journal of Production Economics, 403–419.
  • Weinelt, B. (2016), “Digital transformation of industries: logistics industry”, http:// reports.weforum.org/digital-transformation/wp-content/blogs.dir/94/mp/files/pages/files /dti-logistics-industry-white-paper.pdf, (Access: 11.01.2019).
  • Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhong, R. Y., Huang, G. Q. (2016), “E-commerce logistics in supply chain management: Practice perspective”, Procedia CIRP, 52, 179–185.
  • Yurek, E. E., Ozmutlu, H. C. (2018), “A decomposition-based iterative optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem with drone”, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 91, 249-262.
  • Zapfel, G., Wasner, M. (2002), “Planning and optimization of hub-and-spoke transportation networks of cooperative third-party logistics providers”, International Journal of Production Economics, 207-220.
  • Zenezini, G., Lagorio, A., Pinto, R., Marco, A. De, Golini, R. (2018), “The collection and delivery points implementation process from the courier, express and parcel operator’s perspective”, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(11), 594–599.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yöneylem
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Şebnem İndap Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3825-7453

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İndap, Ş. (2019). E-Ticaret Lojistiğinde Kargo Şirketlerinin Konumu ve Rekabet Güçlerini Geliştirecek Yenilikçi Çözüm Önerileri. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 8(2), 39-67.