Araştırma Makalesi
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Ethical Leadership, Intrapreneurship and Service Innovation Behavior: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 30 - 54, 01.06.2020

Öz

Purpose: The main purpose of this study that scrutinizes how to make more effective of chambers of commerce and
industry affiliated to the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges in Turkey in terms of organizational and managerial aspects is to examine the associations between ethical leadership, work engagement, intrapreneurship, and service
innovation behavior.
Methodology: The data were collected from 568 employees employed in the chambers of commerce and industry operating in Turkey. The confirmatory factor analysis was applied for the validity and reliability of the measurement tools. The
good fit values and mediation role of the model were determined with the AMOS Structural Equation Model.
Findings: It was determined that ethical leadership had a statistically significant effect on work engagement, intrapreneurship, and the sub-factors of service innovation behavior (employee service innovation behavior and new service
development). The results showed that work engagement partially mediated the effect of ethical leadership on internal
entrepreneurship and the effect of ethical leadership on sub-factors of service innovation behavior.
Practical Implications: It is thought that the study is important in terms of providing empirical contributions to ethical
leadership, service innovation, intrapreneurship and work engagement literature.
Originality: The research is unique in terms of revealing the organizational behavior of employees in professional organizations and introducing the employees in these organizations to the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, U. A. (2014), “Linking Justice, Trust and Innovative Work Behaviour To Work Engagement”, Personnel Review, 43(1), 41-73.
  • Ahmad, I. ve Gao, Y. (2018), “Ethical Leadership and Work Engagement: The Roles of Psychological Empowerment and Power Distance Orientation”, Management Decision, 56(9), 1991-2005.
  • Alambeigi, A., Mohammadi, M., Asadi, A. ve Zarei, B. (2012), “The Exploration of Organization Factors that Inspire Intrapreneurship in Iranian Agricultural Research Organization (IARO)”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3), 378–384.
  • Allen, N. J., ve Meyer, J. P. (1990), “Organizational Socialization Tactics: A Longitudinal Analysis of Links to Newcomers’ Commitment and Role Orientation”, Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 847-858.
  • Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich, R. (2003), “Clarifying the Intrapreneurship Concept”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7–24.
  • Bakker, A. B. ve Demerouti, E. (2014), Job demands-resources theory, in Work and Well-Being: A Complete Reference Guide, Chen, P. Y., Cooper, C. L. (Eds.), 1-28, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Becker, G. (1964), Human Capital, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bellingham, R. (2003), Ethical Leadership: Rebuilding Trust in Corporations, Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
  • Bentler P M ve Bonett D G. (1980), “Significance Tests and Goodness of Lit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures”, Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
  • Blader, S. ve Tyler, T.R. (2009), “Testing and Expanding the Group Engagement Model”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (2), 445-464.
  • Blau, P. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
  • Brown, M.E. ve Treviño, L.K. (2006), “Ethical Leadership: A Review and Future Directions”, The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616.
  • Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K. ve Harrison, D. A. (2005), “Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134.
  • Burns, J.M. (1979), Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013), Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (Second Edition), New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Byrne, B.M. (1998), Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Chan K-Y, Ho M-HR, Kennedy JC, Uy MA, Kang BNY, Chernyshenko OS ve Yu KYT. (2017), “Who Wants to be an Intrapreneur? Relations Between Employees’ Entrepreneurial, Professional, and Leadership Career Motivations and Intrapreneurial Motivation in Organizations”, Frontier in Psychology, 8, 1-11.
  • Cheng, J-W., Chang, S-C., Kuo, J-H. ve Cheung, Y-H. (2014), “Ethical Leadership, Work Engagement, and Voice Behavior”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(5), 817 – 831.
  • Cheng, T. M., Hong, C. Y. ve Yang, B. C. (2018), “Examining the Moderating Effects of Service Climate on Psychological Capital, Work Engagement, and Service Behavior Among Flight Attendants”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, 94–102.
  • Covin, J.G. (1991), “Entrepreneurial vs Conservative Firms: A Comparison of Strategies and Performance”, Journal of Management Studies, 25(5), 439-62.
  • Dawley, D. D., Stephens, R. D. ve Stephens, D. B. (2005), “Dimensionality of Organizational Commitment in Volunteer Workers: Chamber of Commerce Board Members and Role Fulfillment”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 511–525.
  • Den Hartog, D.N. ve Belschak, F.D. (2012), “Work Engagement and Machiavellianism in the Ethical Leadership Process”, Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 35-47.
  • Dhar, R. L. (2016), “Ethical Leadership and its Impact on Service Innovative Behavior: The Role of LMX and Job Autonomy”, Tourism Management, 57, 139-148.
  • Diamantopoulos, A. ve Siguaw, J.A. (2000), Introducing LISREL, London: Sage Publications.
  • Edú, S., Moriano, J. ve Molero, F. (2014), “Authentic Leadership and Intrapreneurial Behavior: Cross-Level Analysis of the Mediator Effect of Organizational Identification and Empowerment”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,12(1), 131- 152.
  • Engelbrecht, A.S., Heine, G. ve Mahembe, B. (2017), “Integrity, Ethical Leadership, Trust and Work Engagement”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379.
  • Fan, X., Thompson, B. ve Wang, L. (1999), “Effects of Sample Size, Estimation Methods, and Model Specification on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indexes”, Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 56-83.
  • Felício, J. A., Rodrigues, R. ve Caldeirinha, V. R. (2012), “The Effect of Intrapreneurship on Corporate Performance”, Management Decision, 50(10), 1717-1738.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004), “The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions”, Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1378.
  • Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. ve Bakker, A. B. (2017), “Employee Intrapreneurship and Work Engagement: A Latent Change Score Approach”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100(1), 88–100.
  • Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M. ve Caputi, P. (2013), “Transformational Leadership and Work Engagement: The Mediating Effect of Meaning in Work”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532-550.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Helpman, E. (1994), “Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8, 23–44.
  • Hahn, V. C., Frese, M., Binnewies, C. ve Schmitt, A. (2012), “Happy and proactive? The Role of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Business Owners’ Personal Initiative”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 97-114.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. ve Sarstedt, M. (2016), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), New York: Sage Publications.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989), “Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress”, American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
  • Hollebeek, L. D., Andreassen, T. W., Smith, D.L.G., Grönquist, D., Karahasanovic, A. ve Márquez, Á. (2018), “Epilogue – Service Innovation Actor Engagement: An Integrative Model”, Journal of Services Marketing, 32(1), 95-100.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. ve Mullen, M. (2008), “Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit”, Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P.M. (1999), “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Hu, M.L.M., Horng, J.S. ve Sun, Y.H.C. (2009), “Hospitality Teams: Knowledge Sharing and Service Innovation Performance”, Tourism Management, 30(1), 41–50.
  • Kahn, W.A. (1990), “Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work”, Academy of Management Journal, 33(3), 692-724.
  • Karadal, H. ve Özsungur, F. (2017), “Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı ile Psikolojik Sermaye ve Etik Liderlik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Adana Örneği”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 663-672.
  • Kim, W. G. ve Brymer, R. A. (2011), “The Effects of Ethical Leadership on Manager Job Satisfaction, Commitment, Behavioral Outcomes, and Firm Performance”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1020-1026.
  • Kindström, D., Kowalkowski, C. ve Sandberg, E. (2013), “Enabling Service Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach”, Journal of business research, 66(8), 1063-1073.
  • Knies, E. ve Leisink, P. (2013), “Linking People Management and Extra-Role Behavior: Results of a Longitudinal Study”, Human Resource Management Journal, 24(1), 57–76.
  • Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S. ve Bishop, J. W. (2005), “An Examination of Managers’ Entrepreneurial Actions and Job Satisfaction”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(3), 275–291.
  • Luthans, F. (2002), “The Need for and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 695-706.
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Etik Liderlik, İç Girişimcilik ve Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı: İşe Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 30 - 54, 01.06.2020

Öz

Amaç: Türkiye’de TOBB’a bağlı ticaret ve sanayi odalarının örgütsel ve yönetsel açıdan nasıl daha etkin hale getirilebileceği
sorununu irdeleyen bu çalışmanın temel amacı etik liderlik, işe bağlılık, iç girişimcilik, hizmet inovasyon davranışı arasındaki
ilişkileri analiz etmektir.
Yöntem: Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ticaret odaları, sanayi odaları, ticaret ve sanayi odalarında görev yapan 568 işgörenden toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Ölçüm araçlarının geçerlilik ve güvenilirlikleri için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, modelin
iyi uyum değerleri ve aracılık rolü için AMOS Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Etik liderliğin işe bağlılık, iç girişimcilik, hizmet inovasyon davranışının alt faktörü işgören hizmet inovasyon
davranışı ve yeni hizmet geliştirme üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşe bağlılık, etik
liderliğin iç girişimciliğe etkisine, etik liderliğin hizmet inovasyon davranışının alt faktörlerine etkisine kısmi olarak aracılık
etmektedir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Çalışmanın etik liderlik, hizmet inovasyonu, iç girişimcilik ve işe bağlılık literatürüne ampirik katkılar
sağlaması bakımından önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir.
Özgün Değer: Araştırma meslek örgütlerindeki işgörenlerin örgütsel davranışlarının ortaya çıkarılması ve bu örgütlerdeki
işgörenleri literatüre tanıtabilmek bağlamında özgündür.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, U. A. (2014), “Linking Justice, Trust and Innovative Work Behaviour To Work Engagement”, Personnel Review, 43(1), 41-73.
  • Ahmad, I. ve Gao, Y. (2018), “Ethical Leadership and Work Engagement: The Roles of Psychological Empowerment and Power Distance Orientation”, Management Decision, 56(9), 1991-2005.
  • Alambeigi, A., Mohammadi, M., Asadi, A. ve Zarei, B. (2012), “The Exploration of Organization Factors that Inspire Intrapreneurship in Iranian Agricultural Research Organization (IARO)”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3), 378–384.
  • Allen, N. J., ve Meyer, J. P. (1990), “Organizational Socialization Tactics: A Longitudinal Analysis of Links to Newcomers’ Commitment and Role Orientation”, Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 847-858.
  • Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich, R. (2003), “Clarifying the Intrapreneurship Concept”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7–24.
  • Bakker, A. B. ve Demerouti, E. (2014), Job demands-resources theory, in Work and Well-Being: A Complete Reference Guide, Chen, P. Y., Cooper, C. L. (Eds.), 1-28, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Becker, G. (1964), Human Capital, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bellingham, R. (2003), Ethical Leadership: Rebuilding Trust in Corporations, Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
  • Bentler P M ve Bonett D G. (1980), “Significance Tests and Goodness of Lit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures”, Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
  • Blader, S. ve Tyler, T.R. (2009), “Testing and Expanding the Group Engagement Model”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (2), 445-464.
  • Blau, P. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
  • Brown, M.E. ve Treviño, L.K. (2006), “Ethical Leadership: A Review and Future Directions”, The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616.
  • Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K. ve Harrison, D. A. (2005), “Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134.
  • Burns, J.M. (1979), Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013), Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (Second Edition), New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Byrne, B.M. (1998), Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Chan K-Y, Ho M-HR, Kennedy JC, Uy MA, Kang BNY, Chernyshenko OS ve Yu KYT. (2017), “Who Wants to be an Intrapreneur? Relations Between Employees’ Entrepreneurial, Professional, and Leadership Career Motivations and Intrapreneurial Motivation in Organizations”, Frontier in Psychology, 8, 1-11.
  • Cheng, J-W., Chang, S-C., Kuo, J-H. ve Cheung, Y-H. (2014), “Ethical Leadership, Work Engagement, and Voice Behavior”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(5), 817 – 831.
  • Cheng, T. M., Hong, C. Y. ve Yang, B. C. (2018), “Examining the Moderating Effects of Service Climate on Psychological Capital, Work Engagement, and Service Behavior Among Flight Attendants”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, 94–102.
  • Covin, J.G. (1991), “Entrepreneurial vs Conservative Firms: A Comparison of Strategies and Performance”, Journal of Management Studies, 25(5), 439-62.
  • Dawley, D. D., Stephens, R. D. ve Stephens, D. B. (2005), “Dimensionality of Organizational Commitment in Volunteer Workers: Chamber of Commerce Board Members and Role Fulfillment”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 511–525.
  • Den Hartog, D.N. ve Belschak, F.D. (2012), “Work Engagement and Machiavellianism in the Ethical Leadership Process”, Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 35-47.
  • Dhar, R. L. (2016), “Ethical Leadership and its Impact on Service Innovative Behavior: The Role of LMX and Job Autonomy”, Tourism Management, 57, 139-148.
  • Diamantopoulos, A. ve Siguaw, J.A. (2000), Introducing LISREL, London: Sage Publications.
  • Edú, S., Moriano, J. ve Molero, F. (2014), “Authentic Leadership and Intrapreneurial Behavior: Cross-Level Analysis of the Mediator Effect of Organizational Identification and Empowerment”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,12(1), 131- 152.
  • Engelbrecht, A.S., Heine, G. ve Mahembe, B. (2017), “Integrity, Ethical Leadership, Trust and Work Engagement”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379.
  • Fan, X., Thompson, B. ve Wang, L. (1999), “Effects of Sample Size, Estimation Methods, and Model Specification on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indexes”, Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 56-83.
  • Felício, J. A., Rodrigues, R. ve Caldeirinha, V. R. (2012), “The Effect of Intrapreneurship on Corporate Performance”, Management Decision, 50(10), 1717-1738.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004), “The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions”, Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1378.
  • Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. ve Bakker, A. B. (2017), “Employee Intrapreneurship and Work Engagement: A Latent Change Score Approach”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100(1), 88–100.
  • Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M. ve Caputi, P. (2013), “Transformational Leadership and Work Engagement: The Mediating Effect of Meaning in Work”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532-550.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Helpman, E. (1994), “Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8, 23–44.
  • Hahn, V. C., Frese, M., Binnewies, C. ve Schmitt, A. (2012), “Happy and proactive? The Role of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Business Owners’ Personal Initiative”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 97-114.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. ve Sarstedt, M. (2016), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), New York: Sage Publications.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989), “Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress”, American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
  • Hollebeek, L. D., Andreassen, T. W., Smith, D.L.G., Grönquist, D., Karahasanovic, A. ve Márquez, Á. (2018), “Epilogue – Service Innovation Actor Engagement: An Integrative Model”, Journal of Services Marketing, 32(1), 95-100.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. ve Mullen, M. (2008), “Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit”, Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P.M. (1999), “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Hu, M.L.M., Horng, J.S. ve Sun, Y.H.C. (2009), “Hospitality Teams: Knowledge Sharing and Service Innovation Performance”, Tourism Management, 30(1), 41–50.
  • Kahn, W.A. (1990), “Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work”, Academy of Management Journal, 33(3), 692-724.
  • Karadal, H. ve Özsungur, F. (2017), “Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı ile Psikolojik Sermaye ve Etik Liderlik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Adana Örneği”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 663-672.
  • Kim, W. G. ve Brymer, R. A. (2011), “The Effects of Ethical Leadership on Manager Job Satisfaction, Commitment, Behavioral Outcomes, and Firm Performance”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1020-1026.
  • Kindström, D., Kowalkowski, C. ve Sandberg, E. (2013), “Enabling Service Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach”, Journal of business research, 66(8), 1063-1073.
  • Knies, E. ve Leisink, P. (2013), “Linking People Management and Extra-Role Behavior: Results of a Longitudinal Study”, Human Resource Management Journal, 24(1), 57–76.
  • Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S. ve Bishop, J. W. (2005), “An Examination of Managers’ Entrepreneurial Actions and Job Satisfaction”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(3), 275–291.
  • Luthans, F. (2002), “The Need for and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 695-706.
  • Macey, W.H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K.M. ve Young, S.A. (2009), Employee Engagement: Tools for Analysis, Practice and Competitive Advantage, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • May, D.R., Gilson, R.L. ve Harter, L.M. (2004), “The Psychological Conditions of Meaningfulness, Safety and Availability and The Engagement of the Human Spirit at Work”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
  • Meyer, J. P. ve Allen, N. J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Miles, J. ve Shevlin, M. (2007), “A Time and a Place for Incremental Fit Indices”, Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 869-874.
  • Muldoon, J., Kisamore, J. L., Liguori, E. W., Jawahar, I. M. ve Bendickson, J. (2017), “Moderators of the Personality-Performance Relationship”, Personnel Review, 46(3), 474-489.
  • Neubert, M. J., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Roberts, J. A. ve Chonko, L. B. (2009),“The Virtuous Influence of Ethical Leadership Behavior: Evidence from the Field”, Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 157-170.
  • Nielsen, K., Yarker, J., Randall, R. ve Munir, F. (2009), “The Mediating Effects of Team and Selfefficacy on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, and Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(9), 1236-1244.
  • Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M. ve Turner, N. (2006), “Modeling the Antecedents of Proactive Behavior at Work”, The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 636–652.
  • Piccolo, R.F. ve Colquitt, J.A. (2006), “Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: the Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics”, Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327-340.
  • Pillai, R., Scandura, T. A. ve Williams, E. A. (1999), “Leadership and Organizational Justice: Similarities and Differences Across Cultures”, Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 763-779.
  • Reynolds, N., Diamantopoulos, A. ve Schlegelmilch, B. (1993), “Pre-Testing in Questionnaire Design: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Further Research”, Market Research Society Journal, 35(2), 1-11.
  • Sacchi, M.D. (1998), “A Bootstrap Procedure for High-Resolution Velocity Analysis”, Geophysics, 63(5), 1716-1725.
  • Salanova, M. ve Schaufeli, W.B. (2008), “A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behavior”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19 (1), 116-131.
  • Schaufeli, W. ve Bakker, A. (2003), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary Manual, Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
  • Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B. ve Salanova, M. (2006), “The Measurement of Work Engagement with a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
  • Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. ve Bakker, A.B. (2002), “The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
  • Schoorman, F.D., Mayer, R.C. ve Davis, J.H. (2007), “An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust: Past, Present and Future”, Academy of Management Review, 32 (2), 344-354.
  • Schumacker, R.E. ve Lomax, R.G. (1996), A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling, Mahwah. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
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  • Shin, S.J. ve Zhou, J. (2003), “Transformational Leadership, Conservation, and Creativity: Evidence from Korea”, Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 703-714.
  • Sonnentag, S. (2003), “Recovery, Work Engagement, and Proactive Behavior: A New Look at the Interface between Nonwork and Work”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 518-528.
  • Spiegelaere, S. D., Gyes, G. V., Witte, H. D., Niesen, W. ve Hootegem, G. V. (2014), “On the Relation of Job Insecurity, Job Autonomy, Innovative Work Behaviour and the Mediating Effect of Work Engagement”, Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(3), 318-330.
  • Steiger, J.H. (2007), “Understanding the Limitations of global Fit Assessment in Structural Equation Modeling”, Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş (Temel ilkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları), Ankara: Ekinoks Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2007), Using Multivariate Statistics (5th Edition), New York: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tavakol, M., ve Dennick, R. (2011), “Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha”, International journal of medical education, 2, 53.
  • Tims, M., Bakker, A.B. ve Xanthopoulou, D. (2011), “Do Transformational Leaders Enhance their Followers’ Daily Work Engagement?”, The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 121-131.
  • Valentine, S., Godkin, L. ve Lucero, M. (2002), “Ethical Context, Organizational Commitment, and Person-Organization Fit”, Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 349-360.
  • Vander Elst, T., De Cuyper, N. ve De Witte, H. (2011), “The Role of Perceived Control in the Relationship between Job Insecurity and Psychosocial Outcomes: Moderator or Mediator?”, Stress and Health, 27, 215–27.
  • West, M.A. ve Farr, J.L. (1990), Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies, New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F. ve Summers, G. F. (1977), “Assessing Reliability and Stability in Panel Models, In David R. Heise (Ed.). Sociological Methodology Jossey-Bass (84-136). San Francisco.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016), “Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, 10. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zahra, S.A. (1993), “Environment, corporate entrepreneurship, and financial performance: a taxonomic approach”, Journal of Business Venturing, 8 (4), 319- 340.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yöneylem
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Fahri Özsungur Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6567-766X

Himmet Karadal Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8050-5564

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özsungur, F., & Karadal, H. (2020). Etik Liderlik, İç Girişimcilik ve Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı: İşe Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 9(1), 30-54.