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An Analysis of Similarities and Dissimilarities Among Categories of Deep Tech Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 87 - 109, 01.12.2021

Öz

Purpose: This study aims to understand the similarities and dissimilarities among categories of deep tech entrepreneurship
and to be a starting point for academia to further explore the significance of the deep tech field.
Methodology: We have surveyed 126 deep tech startups and used hypothesis testing to understand how attributes
such as needs, education level of the founders, financing types differs based on deep tech startup categories.
Findings: We have discovered that while the location of the deep tech startup, the education level of the founders, the
past entrepreneurship experience of the founders, and the sales footprint characteristic of the deep tech startup vary
according to the deep tech category, the needs of the deep tech startups are similar for each category.
Practical Implications: The results are expected to help practitioners make their decisions more accurately while
investing or collaborating with deep tech startups. Similarly, policymakers can use the results to develop more relevant
policies to support the deep tech entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Originality: This study is unique in terms of; 1) defining deep tech in academia 2) understanding how deep tech
attributes are related with deep tech categories. 3) exploring deep tech in a developing country

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, B., Bliese, A., Davis, E., Halawi, L. (2014), “Promoting innovation and hightech entrepreneurship in historically black colleges and universities: An exploratory research”, Issues in Information Systems, 15(1), 303.
  • Adler, P., Florida, R., King, K. (2019), “The city and high-tech startups: The spatial organization of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship”, Cities, 87, 121-130.
  • Aleixo, G. G., Tenera, A. B. (2009),” New product development process on high-tech innovation life cycle”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 58(135), 794-800.
  • Alonso, R. S. (2021), “Deep tech and artificial intelligence for worker safety in robotic manufacturing environments”, Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 17th International Conference 234-240. Springer.
  • Bacon, G., Beckman, S., Mowery, D., Wilson, E. (1994), “Managing product definition in high-technology industries: A pilot study”, California management review 36(3), 32-56.
  • Biert, J. (2020), “Assessing technology for a deep tech venture builder: Design of a framework for the assessment of technology for a deep tech venture building program”, Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences.
  • Bogen, E., Bormans, J., Cooney, T., Privitera, M. (2020), “European startup monitor 2019/2020”, European Startup Network.
  • Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow. (2019), “The Dawn of the deep tech ecosystem”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Braguinsky, S., Klepper, S., Ohyama, A. (2012), “High-tech entrepreneurship. The Journal of Law and Economics”, 55(4), 869-900.
  • Chaturvedi, S. (2015), “So What Exactly is ‘Deep Technology?”, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/so-what-exactly-deep technology-swati-chaturvedi/,
  • Chen, J. K., Altantsetseg, P. (2017), “Entrepreneurship of professional managers in high-tech firms to enhance service innovation: case study of Hsinchu Science Park and Silicon Valley Park”, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 1-15, IEEE.
  • de la Tour, A., Soussan, P., Harlé, N., Chevalier, R., Duportet, X. (2017), “From tech to deep tech: Fostering collaboration between corporates and startups”, The Boston Consultancy Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Deep Tech Europe (2020), “European Innovation Council pilot impact report 2020”, Brussels: European Commission.
  • Different. (2020), “DeepTech investing report”, DifferentFunds, Inc.
  • Duran, C., Üzenç, G., Keskik, B., Yekeler, U. (2021), Derin teknolojiye derinlemesine bakış: Türkiye’de ve dünyada derin teknoloji girişimciliği, İstanbul: Teknopark İstanbul.
  • El Ghak, T., Gdairia, A., & Abassi, B. (2020), “High-tech entrepreneurship and total factor productivity: The case of innovation-driven economies”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-35.
  • European Commission (2021), “European Innovation Council: From deep-tech research to visionary innovation and scale-ups”, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/european-innovation-council-deep-tech-research-visionary-innovation-and-scale-ups.
  • European Startups (2021), “2021: the year of Deep Tech”, European Startups.
  • Frenkel, A. (2012), “Intra-metropolitan competition for attracting high-technology firms”, Regional Studies, 46, 723-740.
  • Gourévitch, A., de Brabandere, L., Coulin, A.-D., Doutrepont, T., Jean, A., Wille, T. (2020), “The deep tech mission log book”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Grilli, L. (2014), “High-tech entrepreneurship in Europe: A heuristic firm growth model and three “(un-) easy pieces” for policy-making”, Industry and Innovation, 21(4), 267-284.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. (2006), Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Harlé, N., Soussan, P., de la Tour, A. (2017a), “A framework for deep-tech collaboration”, The Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Harlé, N., Soussan, P., de la Tour, A. (2017b), “What deep tech start-ups want from corporate partners”, The Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Hervé, L. (2010), “Stanford University and high-tech entrepreneurship: An empirical study”, Available at SSRN 1983858. Hsiao, Y.-C., Hung, S.-C., Chen, C.-J. (2013), “Mobilizing human and social capital under industry contexts to pursue high-tech entrepreneurship”, Innovation, 15(4), 515-532.
  • Huffman, D., Quigley, J. M. (2002), “The role of the university in attracting high tech entrepreneurship: A Silicon Valley tale”, The Annals of Regional Science, 36(3), 403-419.
  • Kılıç, A. S. (2020), Teknoloji ve bilim parkları kuruluş amacına uygun değeri üretebiliyor mu? Güncel Gelişmeler, İstanbul: Akademi Titiz Yayınları.
  • Kingon, A. I., Markham, S., Thomas, R. (2002), “Teaching high-tech entrepreneurship: Does it differ from teaching entrepreneurship? (And does it matter?)”, Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 1-13, American Society for Engineering Education.
  • Kirchhoff, B. A., Spencer, A. (2008), New high tech firm contributions to economic growth, Proceedings of International Council for Small Business World, Nova Scotia, Canada: Halifax.
  • Krishna, H., Subrahmanya, M. (2015), “Transnational entrepreneurship and Indian high-tech start-up survival: An empirical investigation”, South Asian Journal of Management, 22(2), 81-98.
  • Luca, J. (2020), Design of questionnaire and measurement of organizational innovation in high tech and deep tech enterprises. New Challenges in Economic and Business Development – 2020: Economic Inequality and Well-Being, 225-233, Riga: Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia.
  • Lutz, J., Storms, C. (1998), “The practice of technical and scientific communication: writing in professional contexts (Vol. 4)”, Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Marvel, M. R. (2013), “Human capital and search–based discovery: A study of high– tech entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 37(2), 403-419.
  • OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (2011), “ISIC rev.3 technology intensity definition: Classification of manufacturing industries into categories based on R&D intensities”, OECD.
  • Phillips, R., Brigham, K. (2007), “High-Tech entrepreneurship in the health care industry: A praxeological view of stages”, Advances in Health Care Management, 6, 129- 166.
  • Portincaso, M., Gourévitch, A., Gross-Selbeck, S., Reichert, T. (2020), “How deep tech can help shape the new reality”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Rosenstand, C. A. (2020), “Selecting, combining, and cultivating digital deep-tech ecosystems, ISPIM Innovation Conference - Innovating in Times of Crises”, Virtual: LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications.
  • SGInnovate (2019), “Deep tech investments: Realising the potential”, SGInnovate.
  • Shoeibi, N. (2021), “‘Cooperative Deeptech Platform’ for Innovation-Hub members of DISRUPTIVE”, Ambient Intelligence, Software and Applications, 11th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, 298-304, Springer.
  • Sinclair, M. (2020), “The right time for deep tech” BCG Digital Ventures, Medium.
  • Steenhuis, H.-J., de Bruijn, E. J. (2006), “High technology revisited: definition and position”, IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2, 1080-1084, AE Enschede, The Netherlands: IEEE.
  • Tavşan, N., Erdem, C. (2018), Customer Experience Management: How to Design, Integrate, Measure and Lead, Tasora Books.
  • Thiel, P. (2014), Zero to one: Notes on startups, or how to build the future, New York: Crown Publishing.
  • Upward, R., Wang, Z., Zheng, J. (2013), “Weighing China’s export basket: The domestic content and technology intensity of Chinese exports”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(2), 527-543.
  • World Bank. (2021), “Turkey Overview”, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ turkey/overview.
  • Yanık, S., & Kılıç, A. S. (2018), “A framework for the performance evaluation of an energy blockchain”, Energy Management—Collective and Computational Intelligence with Theory and Applications, 149, 521-543.

Derin Teknoloji Girişim Kategorileri Arasındaki Benzerlik ve Farklılıkların Analizi: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 87 - 109, 01.12.2021

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, derin teknoloji girişim kategorileri arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları anlamayı ve derin teknoloji
alanında bundan sonra gerçekleştirilecek akademik çalışmalar için bir başlangıç noktası olmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: İhtiyaçlar, kurucuların eğitim seviyesi ve finansman tipi gibi özelliklerin derin teknoloji kategorileri bazında nasıl
değiştiğini anlamak amacıyla 126 derin teknoloji girişimi ile anket yapılmış ve hipotez testi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Derin teknoloji girişimlerinin bulunduğu lokasyon, kurucuların eğitim seviyesi, kurucuların geçmiş girişimcilik
deneyimi ve derin teknoloji girişiminin satış ayak izi özelliklerinin derin teknoloji kategorisine göre farklılık gösterdiği
görülmüştür.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuçların, uygulayıcıların derin teknoloji girişimlerine yatırım yaparken veya onlarla iş birliği yaparken kararlarını daha doğru vermelerine yardımcı olması beklenmektedir. Benzer şekilde politika yapıcılar da derin teknoloji
girişimciliği ekosistemini desteklemek için daha etkili politikalar geliştirmek için bu çalışmadan faydalanabilir.
Özgün Değer: Bu çalışma şu açılardan özgündür; 1) akademik literatürde derin teknoloji tanımı yapılması 2) derin teknoloji özelliklerinin derin teknoloji kategorileriyle olan ilişkisinin anlaşılması 3) gelişmekte olan bir ülkede derin teknolojinin
anlaşılması.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, B., Bliese, A., Davis, E., Halawi, L. (2014), “Promoting innovation and hightech entrepreneurship in historically black colleges and universities: An exploratory research”, Issues in Information Systems, 15(1), 303.
  • Adler, P., Florida, R., King, K. (2019), “The city and high-tech startups: The spatial organization of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship”, Cities, 87, 121-130.
  • Aleixo, G. G., Tenera, A. B. (2009),” New product development process on high-tech innovation life cycle”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 58(135), 794-800.
  • Alonso, R. S. (2021), “Deep tech and artificial intelligence for worker safety in robotic manufacturing environments”, Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 17th International Conference 234-240. Springer.
  • Bacon, G., Beckman, S., Mowery, D., Wilson, E. (1994), “Managing product definition in high-technology industries: A pilot study”, California management review 36(3), 32-56.
  • Biert, J. (2020), “Assessing technology for a deep tech venture builder: Design of a framework for the assessment of technology for a deep tech venture building program”, Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences.
  • Bogen, E., Bormans, J., Cooney, T., Privitera, M. (2020), “European startup monitor 2019/2020”, European Startup Network.
  • Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow. (2019), “The Dawn of the deep tech ecosystem”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Braguinsky, S., Klepper, S., Ohyama, A. (2012), “High-tech entrepreneurship. The Journal of Law and Economics”, 55(4), 869-900.
  • Chaturvedi, S. (2015), “So What Exactly is ‘Deep Technology?”, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/so-what-exactly-deep technology-swati-chaturvedi/,
  • Chen, J. K., Altantsetseg, P. (2017), “Entrepreneurship of professional managers in high-tech firms to enhance service innovation: case study of Hsinchu Science Park and Silicon Valley Park”, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 1-15, IEEE.
  • de la Tour, A., Soussan, P., Harlé, N., Chevalier, R., Duportet, X. (2017), “From tech to deep tech: Fostering collaboration between corporates and startups”, The Boston Consultancy Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Deep Tech Europe (2020), “European Innovation Council pilot impact report 2020”, Brussels: European Commission.
  • Different. (2020), “DeepTech investing report”, DifferentFunds, Inc.
  • Duran, C., Üzenç, G., Keskik, B., Yekeler, U. (2021), Derin teknolojiye derinlemesine bakış: Türkiye’de ve dünyada derin teknoloji girişimciliği, İstanbul: Teknopark İstanbul.
  • El Ghak, T., Gdairia, A., & Abassi, B. (2020), “High-tech entrepreneurship and total factor productivity: The case of innovation-driven economies”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-35.
  • European Commission (2021), “European Innovation Council: From deep-tech research to visionary innovation and scale-ups”, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/european-innovation-council-deep-tech-research-visionary-innovation-and-scale-ups.
  • European Startups (2021), “2021: the year of Deep Tech”, European Startups.
  • Frenkel, A. (2012), “Intra-metropolitan competition for attracting high-technology firms”, Regional Studies, 46, 723-740.
  • Gourévitch, A., de Brabandere, L., Coulin, A.-D., Doutrepont, T., Jean, A., Wille, T. (2020), “The deep tech mission log book”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Grilli, L. (2014), “High-tech entrepreneurship in Europe: A heuristic firm growth model and three “(un-) easy pieces” for policy-making”, Industry and Innovation, 21(4), 267-284.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. (2006), Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Harlé, N., Soussan, P., de la Tour, A. (2017a), “A framework for deep-tech collaboration”, The Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Harlé, N., Soussan, P., de la Tour, A. (2017b), “What deep tech start-ups want from corporate partners”, The Boston Consulting Group & Hello Tomorrow.
  • Hervé, L. (2010), “Stanford University and high-tech entrepreneurship: An empirical study”, Available at SSRN 1983858. Hsiao, Y.-C., Hung, S.-C., Chen, C.-J. (2013), “Mobilizing human and social capital under industry contexts to pursue high-tech entrepreneurship”, Innovation, 15(4), 515-532.
  • Huffman, D., Quigley, J. M. (2002), “The role of the university in attracting high tech entrepreneurship: A Silicon Valley tale”, The Annals of Regional Science, 36(3), 403-419.
  • Kılıç, A. S. (2020), Teknoloji ve bilim parkları kuruluş amacına uygun değeri üretebiliyor mu? Güncel Gelişmeler, İstanbul: Akademi Titiz Yayınları.
  • Kingon, A. I., Markham, S., Thomas, R. (2002), “Teaching high-tech entrepreneurship: Does it differ from teaching entrepreneurship? (And does it matter?)”, Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 1-13, American Society for Engineering Education.
  • Kirchhoff, B. A., Spencer, A. (2008), New high tech firm contributions to economic growth, Proceedings of International Council for Small Business World, Nova Scotia, Canada: Halifax.
  • Krishna, H., Subrahmanya, M. (2015), “Transnational entrepreneurship and Indian high-tech start-up survival: An empirical investigation”, South Asian Journal of Management, 22(2), 81-98.
  • Luca, J. (2020), Design of questionnaire and measurement of organizational innovation in high tech and deep tech enterprises. New Challenges in Economic and Business Development – 2020: Economic Inequality and Well-Being, 225-233, Riga: Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia.
  • Lutz, J., Storms, C. (1998), “The practice of technical and scientific communication: writing in professional contexts (Vol. 4)”, Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Marvel, M. R. (2013), “Human capital and search–based discovery: A study of high– tech entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 37(2), 403-419.
  • OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (2011), “ISIC rev.3 technology intensity definition: Classification of manufacturing industries into categories based on R&D intensities”, OECD.
  • Phillips, R., Brigham, K. (2007), “High-Tech entrepreneurship in the health care industry: A praxeological view of stages”, Advances in Health Care Management, 6, 129- 166.
  • Portincaso, M., Gourévitch, A., Gross-Selbeck, S., Reichert, T. (2020), “How deep tech can help shape the new reality”, The Boston Consulting Group.
  • Rosenstand, C. A. (2020), “Selecting, combining, and cultivating digital deep-tech ecosystems, ISPIM Innovation Conference - Innovating in Times of Crises”, Virtual: LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications.
  • SGInnovate (2019), “Deep tech investments: Realising the potential”, SGInnovate.
  • Shoeibi, N. (2021), “‘Cooperative Deeptech Platform’ for Innovation-Hub members of DISRUPTIVE”, Ambient Intelligence, Software and Applications, 11th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, 298-304, Springer.
  • Sinclair, M. (2020), “The right time for deep tech” BCG Digital Ventures, Medium.
  • Steenhuis, H.-J., de Bruijn, E. J. (2006), “High technology revisited: definition and position”, IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2, 1080-1084, AE Enschede, The Netherlands: IEEE.
  • Tavşan, N., Erdem, C. (2018), Customer Experience Management: How to Design, Integrate, Measure and Lead, Tasora Books.
  • Thiel, P. (2014), Zero to one: Notes on startups, or how to build the future, New York: Crown Publishing.
  • Upward, R., Wang, Z., Zheng, J. (2013), “Weighing China’s export basket: The domestic content and technology intensity of Chinese exports”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(2), 527-543.
  • World Bank. (2021), “Turkey Overview”, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ turkey/overview.
  • Yanık, S., & Kılıç, A. S. (2018), “A framework for the performance evaluation of an energy blockchain”, Energy Management—Collective and Computational Intelligence with Theory and Applications, 149, 521-543.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yöneylem
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Anıl Savaş Kılıç Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0255-5515

Cem Duran Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5171-0270

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, A. S., & Duran, C. (2021). Derin Teknoloji Girişim Kategorileri Arasındaki Benzerlik ve Farklılıkların Analizi: Türkiye Örneği. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 10(2), 87-109.